Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Genetic Patterns In Peripheral Marine Populations Of The Fusilier Fish Caesio Cuning Within The Kuroshio Current, Amanda S. Ackiss, Christopher E. Bird, Yuichi Akita, Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Katsunori Tachihara, Kent E. Carpenter

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Aim: Mayr’s central‐peripheral population model (CCPM) describes the marked differences between central and peripheral populations in genetic diversity, gene flow, and census size. When isolation leads to genetic divergence, these peripheral populations have high evolutionary value and can influence biogeographic patterns. In tropical marine species with pelagic larvae, powerful western‐boundary currents have great potential to shape the genetic characteristics of peripheral populations at latitudinal extremes. We tested for the genetic patterns expected by the CCPM in peripheral populations that are located within the Kuroshio Current for the Indo‐Pacific reef fish, Caesio cuning.

Methods: We used a panel of 2,677 …

Question 1: Plastic Straws; Question 2: Casino Sevens, Larry Weinstein

Physics Faculty Publications

The article offers questions on 1) the impact that American plastic straws have on the environment, and 2) the probable longest streak of consecutive sevens in casino craps games in the entire history of Las Vegas, Nevada.

Photoproduction Of K+ K- Meson Pairs On The Proton, S. Lombardo, M. Battaglieri, A. Celentano, A. D'Angelo, R. De Vita, A. Filippi, D. I. Glazier, M. Khachatryan, A. Klein, Y. Prok, The Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

The exclusive reaction γp → pK⁺K⁻ was studied in the photon energy range 3.0–3.8 GeV and momentum transfer range 0.6 < −t< 1.3 GeV². Data were collected with the CLAS detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. In this kinematic range the integrated luminosity was approximately 20 pb⁻¹. The reaction was isolated by detecting the K⁺ and the proton in CLAS, and reconstructing the K⁻ via the missing-mass technique. Moments of the dikaon decay angular distributions were extracted from the experimental data. Besides the dominant contribution of the ϕ meson in the P wave, …

Asymmetric Relativistic Fermi Gas Model For Quasielastic Lepton-Nucleus Scattering, M. B. Barbaro, A. De Pace, T. W. Donnelly, J. A. Caballero, G. D. Megias, J. W. Van Orden

Physics Faculty Publications

We develop an asymmetric relativistic Fermi gas model for the study of the electroweak nuclear response in the quasielastic region. The model takes into account the differences between neutron and proton densities in asymmetric (N> Z) nuclei, as well as differences in the neutron and proton separation energies. We present numerical results for both neutral and charged-current processes, focusing on nuclei of interest for ongoing and future neutrino oscillation experiments. We point out some important differences with respect to the commonly employed symmetric Fermi gas model.

Reconstruction Of Sea Level Around The Korean Peninsula Using Cyclostationary Empirical Orthogonal Functions, Se-Hyeon Cheon, Benjamin D. Hamlington, Kyung-Duck Suh

OES Faculty Publications

Since the advent of the modern satellite altimeter era, the understanding of the sea level has increased dramatically. The satellite altimeter record, however, dates back only to the 1990s. The tide gauge record, on the other hand, extends through the 20th century but with poor spatial coverage when compared to the satellites. Many studies have been conducted to create a dataset with the spatial coverage of the satellite datasets and the temporal length of the tide gauge records by finding novel ways to combine the satellite data and tide gauge data in what is known as sea level reconstruction. However, …

Flood Resilience Community Outreach Using The Asert Framework, Michelle Covi, Wie Yusuf, Carol Considine, Gail Nicula, Afi Anuar, Makayla Brown

Presentations, Lectures, Posters, Reports

Report on a program for public engagement meetings using the ASERT (Action-oriented Stakeholder Engagement for a Resilient Tomorrow) framework to solicit resident input into the City of Virginia Beach’s Comprehensive Sea Level Rise and Recurrent Flooding Analysis and Planning Study. A series of community meetings from December 2017-January 2018 took the form of a “Flood Resilience Game Night” with five stations in which residents could participate in activities to earn stamps on a game card.

Biology Researcher Publishes Study On Saving Marine Organisms From Ocean Acidification, Noell Saunders

News Items

No abstract provided.

Hampton Roads Housing Prices Drop 5 Percent Following A Severe Weather Event, Says University Research, Betsy Hnath

News Items

No abstract provided.

Fourier Transform Spectroscopy Of The C³Δ-X³Δ Transition Of Tio In Support Of Exoplanet Spectroscopy, James N. Hodges, Peter Bernath

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Recent limitations in the TiO line list used in cross-correlation detection schemes have made the detection and quantification of TiO in exoplanetary atmospheres challenging. The quality of the line list appears to degrade at wavelengths shorter than 630 nm. The C³Δ-X³Δ electronic transition has strong rovibronic bands near 500 nm. In an effort to improve the line list, a spectrum of TiO in a furnace at 1950 K is analyzed, and the assigned lines of the C³Δ-X³Δ transition are fit with the N² Hamiltonian in the molecular spectrum fitting software, _{PGOPHER …}

First Measurement Of Ξ− Polarization In Photoproduction, J. Bono, L. Guo, K. P. Adhikari, M. J. Amaryan, G. Charles, G. Gavalian, M. Khachatryan, A. Klein, Y. Prok, J. Zhang, Z. W. Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

Despite decades of studies of the photoproduction of hyperons, both their production mechanisms and their spectra of excited states are still largely unknown. While the parity-violating weak decay of hyperons offers a means of measuring their polarization, which could help discern their production mechanisms and identify their excitation spectra, no such study has been possible for doubly strange baryons in photoproduction, due to low production cross sections. However, by making use of the reaction γ p → K⁺K⁺Ξ−, we have measured, for the first time, the induced polarization, P, and the transferred polarization from circularly polarized …

Measurements Of The Γv P → P'Π+Π− Cross Section With The Clas Detector For 0.4 Gev2 < Q2 < 1.0 Gev2 And 1.3 Gev < W < 1.825 Gev, G. V. Fedotov, Iu. A. Skorodumina, V. D. Burkert, R. W. Gothe, G. Charles, M. Khachatryan, A. Klein, Y. Prok, Z. W. Zhao, Clas Collaboration

Physics Faculty Publications

New results on the single-differential and fully integrated cross sections for the process γ_vp → p'π+π− are presented. The experimental data were collected with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory. Measurements were carried out in the kinematic region of the reaction invariant mass W from 1.3 to 1.825 GeV and the photon virtuality Q² from 0.4 to 1.0 GeV². The cross sections were obtained in narrow Q² bins (0.05 GeV²) with the smallest statistical uncertainties achieved in double-pion electroproduction experiments to date. The results were found to be in agreement with previously …

High-Brilliance, High-Flux Compact Inverse Compton Light Source, K. E. Deitrick, G. A. Krafft, B. Terzić, J. R. Delayen

Physics Faculty Publications

The Old Dominion University Compact Light Source (ODU CLS) design concept is presented-a compact Inverse Compton Light Source (ICLS) with flux and brilliance orders of magnitude beyond conventional laboratory-scale sources and greater than other compact ICLS designs. This concept utilizes the physics of inverse Compton scattering of an extremely low emittance electron beam by a laser pulse of rms length of approximately two-thirds of a picosecond (2/3 ps). The accelerator is composed of a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) reentrant gun followed by four double-spoke SRF cavities. After the linac are three quadrupole magnets to focus the electron beam to the …

Compensation Of Non-Linear Bandwidth Broadening By Laser Chirping In Thomson Sources, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, I. Drebot, L, Serafini, B. Terzić, G. A. Krafft

Physics Faculty Publications

A new laser chirping prescription is derived by means of the phase-stationary method for an inci- dent Gaussian laser pulse in conjunction with a Li enard-Wiechert calculation of the scattered radia- tion flux and spectral brilliance. This particularly efficient laser chirp has been obtained using the electric field of the laser and for electrons and radiation on axis. The frequency modulation is some- what reduced with respect to that proposed in the previous literature, allowing the application of this procedure to lasers with larger values of the parameter a₀. Numerical calculations have been performed using mildly focused and …

Probing High-Momentum Protons And Neutrons In Neutron-Rich Nuclei, The Clas Collaboration, L. B. Weinstein, S. Bültmann, D. Bulumulla, G. Charles, G. Dodge, F. Hauenstein, C. E. Hyde, A. Klein, S. Nadeeshani, Y. Prok, Z. W. Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

The atomic nucleus is one of the densest and most complex quantum-mechanical systems in nature. Nuclei account for nearly all the mass of the visible Universe. The properties of individual nucleons (protons and neutrons) in nuclei can be probed by scattering a high-energy particle from the nucleus and detecting this particle after it scatters, often also detecting an additional knocked-out proton. Analysis of electron- and proton-scattering experiments suggests that some nucleons in nuclei form close-proximity neutron–proton pairs with high nucleon momentum, greater than the nuclear Fermi momentum. However, how excess neutrons in neutron-rich nuclei form such close-proximity pairs remains unclear. …

Effect Of Self-Bias On Cylindrical Capacitive Discharge For Processing Of Inner Walls Of Tubular Structures-Case Of Srf Cavities, J. Upadhyay, J. Peshl, S. Popović, A.-M. Valente-Feliciano, L. Vušković

Physics Faculty Publications

Cylindrical capacitive discharge is a convenient medium for generating reactive ions to process inner walls superconductive radio-frequency (SRF) cavities. These cavities, used in particle accelerators, presents a three-dimensional structure made of bulk Niobium, with axial cylindrical symmetry. Manufactured cavity walls are covered with Niobium oxides and scattered particulates, which must be removed for desired SRF performance. Cylindrical capacitive discharge in a mixture of Ar and Cl₂ is a sole and natural non-wet acid choice to purify the inner surfaces of SRF cavities by reactive ion etching. Coaxial cylindrical discharge is generated between a powered inner electrode and the grounded …

The Geotraces Intermediate Data Product 2017, Reiner Schlitzer, Robert F. Anderson, Elena Masferrer Dodas, Maeve Lohan, Walter Geibert, Alessandro Tagliabue, Andrew Bowie, Gregory A. Cutter, Peter N. Sedwick, Bettina Sohst

OES Faculty Publications

The GEOTRACES Intermediate Data Product 2017 (IDP2017) is the second publicly available data product of the international GEOTRACES programme, and contains data measured and quality controlled before the end of 2016. The IDP2017 includes data from the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern and Indian oceans, with about twice the data volume of the previous IDP2014. For the first time, the IDP2017 contains data for a large suite of biogeochemical parameters as well as aerosol and rain data characterising atmospheric trace element and isotope (TEI) sources. The TEI data in the IDP2017 are quality controlled by careful assessment of intercalibration results and …

Circulation, Vol. 23, No. 3, Center For Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Eileen Hofmann

CCPO Circulation

Summer 2018 issue of CCPO Circulation featuring article "A Look to the Future - Development of Numerical Ocean Modeling Capacity" by Eileen Hofmann.

Fisheries Bycatch Risk To Marine Megafauna Is Intensified In Lagrangian Coherent Structures, Kylie L. Scales, Elliot L. Hazen, Michael G. Jacox, Frederic Castruccio, Sara M. Maxwell, Rebecca L. Lewison, Steven J. Bograd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Incidental catch of nontarget species (bycatch) is a major barrier to ecological and economic sustainability in marine capture fisheries. Key to mitigating bycatch is an understanding of the habitat requirements of target and nontarget species and the influence of heterogeneity and variability in the dynamic marine environment. While patterns of overlap among marine capture fisheries and habitats of a taxonomically diverse range of marine vertebrates have been reported, a mechanistic understanding of the real-time physical drivers of bycatch events is lacking. Moving from describing patterns toward understanding processes, we apply a Lagrangian analysis to a high-resolution ocean model output to …

Biotime: A Database Of Biodiversity Time Series For The Anthropocene, Maria Dornelas, Laura H. Antão, Faye Moyes, Amanda E. Bates, Anne E. Magurran, Dušan Adams, Asem A. Akhmetzhanova, Ward Appeltans, José Manuel Adam, Frank P. Day

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene.

Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains …

Security Risk Tolerance In Mobile Payment: A Trade-Off Framework, Yong Chen

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Security is identified as a major barrier for consumers in adopting mobile payment. Although existing literature has incorporated security into the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the Unified Theory of Acceptance, and the Use of Technology (UTAUT) and it has investigated the way in which security affects consumers’ acceptance of mobile payment, security is a factor only in diverse research models. Studies of mobile payment that focus on security are not available. Additionally, previous studies of mobile payment are based on Direct Carrier Billing- (DCB)-based mobile payment or Near Field Communication- (NFC)-based mobile payment. The results regarding security might not be …

Plastics And Microplastics As Vectors For Bacteria And Human Pathogens, Amanda Lee Laverty

OES Theses and Dissertations

Since plastics degrade very slowly, they remain in the environment on much longer timescales than most natural substrates and can thus provide a novel habitat for colonization by bacterial communities. The full spectrum of relationships between plastics and bacteria, however, is little understood. The objective of this study was to examine marine plastic pollution as a substrate for bacteria, with particular focus on Vibrio spp., including the human pathogens, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus.

Colonization experiments were set up in a tributary of the lower Chesapeake Bay to follow Vibrio spp. colonization and …

Analysis Of Bulk Power System Resilience Using Vulnerability Graph, Md Ariful Haque

Computational Modeling & Simulation Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Critical infrastructure such as a Bulk Power System (BPS) should have some quantifiable measure of resiliency and definite rule-sets to achieve a certain resilience value. Industrial Control System (ICS) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) networks are integral parts of BPS. BPS or ICS are themselves not vulnerable because of their proprietary technology, but when the control network and the corporate network need to have communications for performance measurements and reporting, the ICS or BPS become vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Thus, a systematic way of quantifying resiliency and identifying crucial nodes in the network is critical for addressing the cyber …

Potential Interaction Analysis Of Offshore Wind Energy Areas And Breeding Avian Species On The Us Mid-Atlantic Coast, Jeri Lynn Wisman

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Due to increasing US interest in developing wind energy sites in offshore waters, we synthesized existing data on colonial breeding seabird populations with the potential risk of interacting with lease areas in the mid-Atlantic. Previous efforts by BOEM and NOAA have predicted avian density using at-sea survey data; we seek to complement this work by focusing specifically on birds during the critical and energetically demanding breeding life history stage. We combined colony size and location for each species along the mid-Atlantic coast with buffers around the colonies that correlate with the species’ foraging range. We integrated population size, vulnerability to …

Advances In Amino Acid Analysis For Marine Related Matrices And Its Application To Coastal Shelf Settings In The Canadian Arctic, Rachel M. Mcmahon

OES Theses and Dissertations

Amino acids comprise up to 50% of organic matter in cellular material and are a major fraction of oceanic organic carbon. Amino acids are also considered highly labile during organic matter recycling, making them useful proxies for organic carbon cycling. Nevertheless, analysis of individual amino acids has been burdened by lengthy derivatization and complex analysis since the 1950s. In this thesis, I describe the modification of advanced analytical techniques, developed in the biomedical field, for analysis of marine matrices which allow the determination of at least 40 amino acids without the need for lengthy sample preparation and derivatization, twice the …

Identifying Marine Key Biodiversity Areas In The Greater Caribbean Region, Michael S. Harvey

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Anthropocene biodiversity extinction rates are increasing, suggesting a possible sixth global mass extinction event. Biological conservation planners are consequently seeking ways to more effectively protect species at national, regional and global scales. In 2010, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) issued a number of conservation goals (Aichi Targets), including the establishment of protected areas (PA) in terrestrial, freshwater and marine areas of eminent conservation concern by 2020 to reduce and eventually eliminate species’ extinctions, as well as preserve hotspots of biodiversity and dynamic ecosystems. While well-established, adequately enforced PAs increase the likelihood of preserving species and habitats most at risk …

The Importance Of Keeping The Big Ones: Harvest Slot Limits And Marine Protected Areas For The Management Of The Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Gayathiri Gnanalingam

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Fishing typically removes the oldest and/or largest individuals from populations undermining stability and reproductive success. Traditional fisheries management tools fail to protect these oldest and/or largest individuals, but two less conventional tools: marine protected areas (MPAs), and harvest slot limits have the potential to do so. Here I tested the possible use of these tools for the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, an iconic and economically valued species. After decades of intense fishing, the largest lobsters have largely been wiped out. The loss of the largest lobsters is significant as large lobsters have considerably greater reproductive potential than their …

A Framework For Executable Systems Modeling, Matthew Amissah

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Systems Modeling Language (SysML), like its parent language, the Unified Modeling Language (UML), consists of a number of independently derived model languages (i.e. state charts, activity models etc.) which have been co-opted into a single modeling framework. This, together with the lack of an overarching meta-model that supports uniform semantics across the various diagram types, has resulted in a large unwieldy and informal language schema. Additionally, SysML does not offer a built in framework for managing time and the scheduling of time based events in a simulation.

In response to these challenges, a number of auxiliary standards have been offered …

Extended Poisson Models For Count Data With Inflated Frequencies, Monika Arora

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

Count data often exhibits inflated counts for zero. There are numerous papers in the literature that show how to fit Poisson regression models that account for the zero inflation. However, in many situations the frequencies of zero and of some other value k tends to be higher than the Poisson model can fit appropriately. Recently, Sheth-Chandra (2011), Lin and Tsai (2012) introduced a mixture model to account for the inflated frequencies of zero and k. In this dissertation, we study basic properties of this mixture model and parameter estimation for grouped and ungrouped data. Using stochastic representation we show …

Characterizing The Activity Of Antimicrobial Peptides Against The Pathogenic Bacterium Clostridium Difficile In An Anaerobic Environment, Adenrele Mojeed Oludiran

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Clostridium difficile is an anaerobic Gram-positive pathogen with high treatment costs and mortality and very high antibiotic tolerance. Antimicrobial host-defense peptides (HDPs) produced naturally by animal immune systems are promising candidates to develop novel therapies for bacterial infection because they cause oxidative stress that damages multiple targets in bacterial cells, so it is difficult for bacteria to evolve resistance to these attacks.

Piscidins, fish-derived HDPs that can also form complexes with copper (Cu) to enhance their activities, are very active against multiple bacterial species in an aerobic environment. We examined their activity against C. difficile and other species in an …

The Effect Of Soxhlet Extraction And Synthesis Temperature On Properties Of Polyaniline, Samuel Watson Stahl

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Polyaniline was synthesized by the chemical oxidation of aniline in an HCl solution by ammonium persulfate. The temperature of the synthesis was varied to increase the molecular weight of the polymer from 37,600 Da to 52,400 Da. Soxhlet extraction using methanol as the primary solvent was performed on half the sample in order to further increase the average molecular weight by approximately 3150 Da and decrease the polydispersity index by 0.8. Films were cast from 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and then doped with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.

The effect of the soxhlet extraction and synthesis temperature on the polymer’s properties …