Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Simple In Situ Method For Optimizing Settings For The Einzel Lens Elements In A Focused Ion Beam, Rich Swinford, Erik Sanchez

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ion beams have had an incredible impact on research in the past couple of decades. One major reason for this is the continued development of systems having optimal beam currents that allows one to image more clearly at different spot sizes to include higher currents that allow for faster milling. The advancements for Focused ion beam (FIB) columns have developed rapidly due to the computational optimization of lens designs. However, once a system has been produced, the optimal column settings for these lenses may change or simply become obscure. Our work involves regaining this optimization with the newly applied values …

Thin Film Deposition Of Mop, A Topological Semimetal, Robert Browning, Paul Plachinda, Raj Solanki

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

MoP is a topological semimetal which has drawn attention due to its unique electrical and optical properties resulting from massless electrons. In order to utilize these properties for practical applications, it is necessary to develop a technique to produce high-quality, large-scale thin films of this 2D material. We report below our initial results of growth of MoP thin films using atomic layer deposition (ALD), where the film grows layer-by-layer. These films were grown on 5 cm × 5 cm silicon oxide coated Si wafers. Resistivity versus temperature measurements show that these films are metallic and includes a partial superconducting phase. …

Picture Gorge Basalt: Internal Stratigraphy, Eruptive Patterns, And Its Importance For Understanding Columbia River Basalt Group Magmatism, Emily Bogdan Cahoon, Martin J. Streck, Anthony A.P. Koppers

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Picture Gorge Basalt (PGB) of the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) has been previously thought to be limited in its eruptive volume (<3000 >km³) and thought to not extend far from its type locality. At present, PGB represents only 1.1 vol% of the CRBG with a relatively limited spatial distribution of ~10,000 km². New age data illustrate that the PGB is the earliest and longest eruptive unit compared to other main-phase CRBG formations and that some dated basaltic flows reach far (~100 km) beyond the previously mapped extent. This study focuses on extensive outcrops of …

Systems Thinking Activities Used In K-12 For Up To Two Decades, Diana Fisher, Systems Thinking Association

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Infusing systems thinking activities in pre-college education (grades K-12) means updating precollege education so it includes a study of many systemic behavior patterns that are ubiquitous in the real world. Systems thinking tools include those using both paper and pencil and the computer and enhance learning in the classroom making it more student-centered, more active, and allowing students to analyze problems that have been heretofore beyond the scope of K-12 classrooms. Students in primary school have used behavior over time graphs to demonstrate dynamics described in story books, like the Lorax, and created stock-flow diagrams to describe what was needed …

Long-Term Phosphorus Reduction And Phytoplankton Responses In An Urban Lake (Usa), Yuan Xiao Grund, Yangdong Pan, Mark Rosenkranz, Eugene Foster

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Eutrophication is one of the primary factors causing harmful cyanobacteria blooms in freshwater lakes. This study investigated the long-term changes in water quality and summer phytoplankton assemblages in Oswego Lake, OR, USA, in relation to phosphorus reduction through hypolimnetic aeration and alum applications. Both water quality and phytoplankton assemblages were sampled biweekly during the summers from 2001 to 2013. The concentrations of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total nitrogen decreased 66%, 93% and 31%, respectively, in response to the hypolimnetic aeration and alum treatments since 2005. Summer phytoplankton assemblages showed a 62% reduction of cyanobacteria biovolume and a …

Columbia River Rhyolites: Age-Distribution Patterns And Their Implications For Arrival, Location, And Dispersion Of Continental Flood Basalt Magmas In The Crust, Martin J. Streck, Vanessa M. Swenton, William C. Mcintosh, Matt Heizler

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Columbia River province magmatism is now known to include abundant and widespread rhyolite centers even though the view that the earliest rhyolites erupted from the McDermitt Caldera and other nearby volcanic fields along the Oregon–Nevada state border has persisted. Our study covers little-studied or unknown rhyolite occurrences in eastern Oregon that show a much wider distribution of older centers. With our new data on distribution of rhyolite centers and ages along with literature data, we consider rhyolites spanning from 17.5 to 14.5 Ma of eastern Oregon, northern Nevada, and western Idaho to be a direct response to flood basalts of …

Nanoscale Hafnium Metal-Organic Frameworks Enhance Radiotherapeutic Effects By Upregulation Of Type I Interferon And Tlr7 Expression, Eunseo Choi, Madeleine R. Landry, Nathan Pennock, Katherine Weinfurter, Multiple Additional Authors

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Recent preclinical and clinical studies have highlighted the improved outcomes of combination radiotherapy and immunotherapy. Concurrently, the development of high-Z metallic nanoparticles as radiation dose enhancers has been explored to widen the therapeutic window of radiotherapy and potentially enhance immune activation. In this study, we evaluate folate-modified hafnium-based metal-organic frameworks (HfMOF-PEG-FA) in combination with imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, as a well-defined interferon regulatory factor (IRF) stimulator for local antitumor immunotherapy. The enhancement of radiation dose deposition by HfMOF-PEG-FA and subsequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) deregulates cell proliferation and increases apoptosis. HfMOF-PEG-FA loaded with imiquimod (HfMOF-PEG-FA@IMQ) increases DNA double-strand …

Looking Backward And Forward: Volcanology In The Years 2000, 2010, 2020, And Beyond, Jonathan Fink, Katharine Cashman

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Figuring out how volcanoes work is one of the geoscience’s most complex puzzles. Clues of all sizes, shapes, and colors are scattered across every continent, the bottom of the ocean, in the atmosphere, and on the surfaces of other planets. Generations of geologists, geophysicists, geodesists, and geochemists have used field observations, laboratory measurements, and theory to fill gaps left by their predecessors. Yet critical uncertainties remain. Why do eruptions begin? What determines their intensity? What controls their frequency and style of activity? What causes them to end? These unsolved issues leave society increasingly vulnerable to volcanic disruptions. Hundreds of published …

Cementation And Groundwater Chemistry In Pleistocene Paleodune Deposits Of The Central Oregon Coast, Adrienne Lynn Stephens

Dissertations and Theses

Pleistocene paleodune deposits occur along the Oregon coast, underlying coastal towns, roadways, and associated power and water infrastructure(s). Secondary cementation within these deposits provides some stability, allowing for near-vertical sea cliffs and roadcut outcrops. Yet, slope instability is a prevalent hazard observed within the paleodune deposits. Weakening of cementing agents via changes to groundwater conditions due to altered vegetation, climate change, or contamination, for example, could promote slope instability, threatening lives and infrastructure. This study aims to investigate the variability in the type and degree of cementation and to determine how they are affected by changes in groundwater conditions.

To …

Teaching Routines And Student-Centered Mathematics Instruction: The Essential Role Of Conferring To Understand Student Thinking And Reasoning, Eva Thanheiser, Kathleen Melhuish

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

We compare two lessons with respect to how a teacher centers student mathematical thinking to move instruction forward through enactment of five mathematically productive teaching routines: Conferring To Understand Student Thinking and Reasoning, Structuring Mathematical Student Talk, Working With Selected and Sequenced Student Math Ideas, Working with Public Records of Students’ Mathematical Thinking, and Orchestrating Mathematical Discussion. Findings show that the lessons differ in the enactment of teaching routines, especially Conferring to Understand Student Thinking and Reasoning which resulted in a difference in student-centeredness of the instruction. This difference highlights whose mathematics was being centralized in the classroom and whether …

Rdkg: A Reinforcement Learning Framework For Disease Diagnosis On Knowledge Graph, Shipeng Guo, Kunpeng Liu, Pengfei Wang, Weiwei Dai, Yi Du, Yuanchun Zhou, Wenjuan Cui

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Automatic disease diagnosis from symptoms has attracted much attention in medical practices. It can assist doctors and medical practitioners in narrowing down disease candidates, reducing testing costs, improving diagnosis efficiency, and more importantly, saving human lives. Existing research has made significant progress in diagnosing disease but was limited by the gap between interpretability and accuracy. To fill this gap, in this paper, we propose a method called Reinforced Disease Diagnosis on Knowlege Graph (RDKG). Specifically, we first construct a knowledge graph containing all information from electronic medical records. To capture informative embeddings, we propose an enhanced knowledge graph embedding method …

Dependence Among Order Statistics For Time-Transformed Exponential Models, Subhash C. Kochar, Fabio Spizzichino

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Let (X1, . . . ,Xn) be a random vector distributed according to a time-transformed exponential model. This is a special class of exchangeable models, which, in particular, includes multivariate distributions with Schur-constant survival functions and with identical marginals. Let for 1 ≤ i ≤ n, Xi:n denote the corresponding ith order statistic. We consider the problem of comparing the strength of dependence between any pair of Xi’s with that of the corresponding order statistics. It is proved that for m = 2, . . . , n, the dependence of X2:m on X1:m is more than that of X2 …

Recent Advances In Experimental Design And Data Analysis To Characterize Prokaryotic Motility, Megan M. Dubay, Jacqueline Acres, Max Riekeles, Jay Nadeau

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Bacterial motility plays a key role in important cell processes such as chemotaxis and biofilm formation, but is challenging to quantify due to the small size of the individual microorganisms and the complex interplay of biological and physical factors that influence motility phenotypes. Swimming, the first type of motility described in bacteria, still remains largely unquantified. Light microscopy has enabled qualitative characterization of swimming patterns seen in different strains, such as run and tumble, run-reverse-flick, run and slow, stop and coil, and push and pull, which has allowed for elucidation of the underlying physics. However, quantifying these behaviors (e.g., identifying …

Electromagnetic Radiation From A Spherical Static Current Source Coupled To Harmonic Axion Field, Railing Chang, Huai-Yi Xie, P. T. Leung

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The electromagnetic fields generated from a static current source on a spherical surface are calculated in the framework of axion electrodynamics to first order in the coupling parameter. Comparisons of the results are made with reference to various results obtained in conventional Maxwell electrodynamics, as well as previous results obtained for point magnetic dipole source coupled to harmonic axion fields. Distinct features from the results so obtained are highlighted for possible experimental probing of the axions via electromagnetic interactions. In particular, electromagnetic radiation from sources with strong magnetic field is studied which may enable the detection of a cosmic …

Datasets From: Application Of Aerial Insar To Measure Glacier Elevations, Bryce Glenn, Andrew G. Fountain, Delywn Moller

Geology Faculty Datasets

In September 2016 NASA flew an interferometric synthetic aperture radar (GLISTIN) over most of the glacier-covered regions of the coterminous USA for the purpose of mapping the surface elevation of the glaciers. Where multiple passes were flown over the same ground track, the data were mosaiced together to improve data coverage and elevation accuracy. These data are to be used with elevations collected by past and future efforts to calculate volume change of glaciers.

The data were the basis for:

Glenn, Bryce Allen, "Assessing Airborne Radar to Map Glacier Elevations in Alpine Terrain Including Estimated Glacier Volume Change …

Data From: The Geography Of Glaciers And Perennial Snowfields In The American West, Andrew G. Fountain, Bryce Glenn, Hassan J. Basagic

Geology Faculty Datasets

A comprehensive mid-20th century inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields (G&PS) was compiled for the American West, west of the 100° meridian. The inventory was derived from U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000 topographic maps based on aerial photographs acquired during 35 years,1955–1990.

Stability Of Structure-Aware Taylor Methods For Tents, Jay Gopalakrishnan, Zheng Sun

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Structure-aware Taylor (SAT) methods are a class of timestepping schemes designed for propagating linear hyperbolic solutions within a tent-shaped spacetime region. Tents are useful to design explicit time marching schemes on unstructured advancing fronts with built-in locally variable timestepping for arbitrary spatial and temporal discretization orders. The main result of this paper is that an s-stage SAT timestepping within a tent is weakly stable under the time step constraint

∆t ≤ Ch^1+1/s , where ∆t is the time step size and h is the spatial mesh size. Improved stability properties are also presented for high-order SAT time discretizations coupled …

Chemical Reaction Networks In A Laplacian Framework, J.J.P. Veerman, T. Whalen-Wagner, Ewan Kummel

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The study of the dynamics of chemical reactions, and in particular phenomena such as oscillating reactions, has led to the recognition that many dynamical properties of a chemical reaction can be predicted from graph theoretical properties of a certain directed graph, called a Chemical Reaction Network (CRN). In this graph, the edges represent the reactions and the vertices the reacting combinations of chemical substances. In contrast with the classical treatment, in this work, we heavily rely on a recently developed theory of directed graph Laplacians to simplify the traditional treatment of the so-called defi- ciency zero systems of CRN theory. …

Unequal Trust: Bottled Water Consumption, Distrust In Tap Water, And Economic And Racial Inequality In The United States, Daniel Jaffee

Sociology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reviewing public health, nutrition, and social science literature, this article examines how bottled water consumption and spending in the United States differ along lines of race, ethnicity, and income, how these consumption patterns have changed in recent years, and how those shifts map onto perceptions of the safety and trustworthiness of tap water supplies, both before and since the Flint water disaster. It also addresses the differential impact of bottled water spending on household income. The findings challenge the truism that bottled water consumption is positively correlated with income, instead showing a bimodal racial and class consumption pattern that reflects …

Machine Learning Predictions Of Electricity Capacity, Marcus Harris, Elizabeth Kirby, Ameeta Agrawal, Rhitabrat Pokharel, Francis Puyleart, Martin Zwick

Systems Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

This research applies machine learning methods to build predictive models of Net Load Imbalance for the Resource Sufficiency Flexible Ramping Requirement in the Western Energy Imbalance Market. Several methods are used in this research, including Reconstructability Analysis, developed in the systems community, and more well-known methods such as Bayesian Networks, Support Vector Regression, and Neural Networks. The aims of the research are to identify predictive variables and obtain a new stand-alone model that improves prediction accuracy and reduces the INC (ability to increase generation) and DEC (ability to decrease generation) Resource Sufficiency Requirements for Western Energy Imbalance Market participants. This …

An Equivalence Checking Framework For Agile Hardware Design, Yanzhao Wang, Fei Xie, Zhenkun Yang, Pascuale Cocchini, Jin Yang

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Agile hardware design enables designers to produce new design iterations efficiently. Equivalence checking is critical in ensuring that a new design iteration conforms to its specification. In this paper, we introduce an equivalence checking framework for hardware designs represented in HalideIR. HalideIR is a popular intermediate representation in software domains such as deep learning and image processing, and it is increasingly utilized in agile hardware design.We have developed a fully automatic equivalence checking workflow seamlessly integrated with HalideIR and several optimizations that leverage the incremental nature of agile hardware design to scale equivalence checking. Evaluations of two deep learning accelerator …

The Role Of Preprocessing For Word Representation Learning In Affective Tasks, Nastaran Babanejad, Heidar Davoudi, Ameeta Agrawal, Manos Papagelis

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Affective tasks, including sentiment analysis, emotion classification, and sarcasm detection have drawn a lot of attention in recent years due to a broad range of useful applications in various domains. The main goal of affect detection tasks is to recognize states such as mood, sentiment, and emotions from textual data (e.g., news articles or product reviews). Despite the importance of utilizing preprocessing steps in different stages (i.e., word representation learning and building a classification model) of affect detection tasks, this topic has not been studied well. To that end, we explore whether applying various preprocessing methods (stemming, lemmatization, stopword removal, …

An Improved Lower Bound For Sparse Reconstruction From Subsampled Walsh Matrices, Jaroslaw Blasiok, Patrick Lopatto, Kyle Luh, Jake Marcinek, Shravas Rao

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

We give a short argument that yields a new lower bound on the number of uniformly and independently subsampled rows from a bounded, orthonormal matrix necessary to form a matrix with the restricted isometry property. We show that a matrix formed by uniformly and independently subsampling rows of an N ×N Walsh matrix contains a K-sparse vector in the kernel, unless the number of subsampled rows is Ω(KlogKlog(N/K)) — our lower bound applies whenever min(K,N/K) > logC N. Containing a sparse vector in the kernel precludes not only the restricted isometry property, but more generally the application of those matrices for …

Isotopic Signature Of Massive, Buried Ice In Eastern Taylor Valley, Antarctica: Implications For Its Origin, Christopher B. Gardner, Melisa A. Diaz, Devin F. Smith, Andrew G. Fountain, Joseph S. Levy, W. Berry Lyons

Geography Faculty Publications and Presentations

The coastal regions of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, contain deposits of the Ross Sea Drift, sedimentary material left from the Ross Sea ice sheet from the advance of the West Antarctic ice sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. Much of this deposit is ice-cored, but data on the stable isotopic composition of water from this ice, which may contain a valuable climate archive, are sparse or incomplete. Widespread thermokarstic ground subsidence in this “coastal thaw zone” of the McMurdo Dry Valleys suggests that these potential records are rapidly being lost due to the melting of ground ice and permafrost. …

Chemical Elements, Flavor Chemicals, And Nicotine In Unused And Used Electronic Cigarettes Aged 5–10 Years And Effects Of Ph, Monique Williams, Wentai Luo, Kevin J. Mcwhirter, Omeka Ikegbu, Prue Talbot

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The concentrations of elements/metals, nicotine, flavor chemicals and acids were compared in the e-liquids of unused and used first-generation electronic cigarettes (ECs) that were stored for 5–10 years. Metal analysis was performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy; nicotine and flavor chemical analyses were performed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. Of the 22 elements analyzed, 10 (aluminum, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, selenium, silicon, tin, zinc) were often found in the e-liquids. Five elements had the highest average concentrations: copper (1161.6 mg/L), zinc (295.8 mg/L), tin (287.6 mg/L), nickel (71.1 mg/L), and lead (50.3 mg/L). Nicotine concentrations were always lower …

Spatial Validation Of Agent-Based Models, Kristoffer Wikstrom, Hal T. Nelson

Public Administration Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper adapts an existing techno–social agent-based model (ABM) in order to develop a new framework for spatially validating ABMs. The ABM simulates citizen opposition to locally unwanted land uses, using historical data from an energy infrastructure siting process in Southern California. Spatial theory, as well as the model’s design, suggest that adequate validation requires multiple tests rather than relying solely on a single test-statistic. A pattern-oriented modeling approach was employed that first mapped real and simulated citizen comments across the US Census tract. The suite of spatial tests included Global Moran’s I, complemented with bivariate correlations, as well as …

Mussel Squeeze: Dissolved Oxygen And Temperature Can “Squeeze” Zebra Mussels Out Of Invaded Reservoirs, Crysta Gantz, Rich Miller, Steve Wells, Mark D. Sytsma, Angela Strecker

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) are an aquatic invasive species that cause extensive economic and ecological impacts and are a management priority in areas outside of their native range. Survivorship and distribution of zebra mussels within a waterbody are thought to be influenced by temperature and dissolved oxygen conditions, but detailed information to confirm the importance of these environmental controls is necessary to inform management efforts. We measured planktonic zebra mussel veliger density and adult survivorship in San Justo Reservoir in central California to determine distribution and timing of spawning in relation to temperature and dissolved oxygen throughout winter, spring, and …

Possibilities For Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion, Jeffrey Edward Black

Dissertations and Theses

While most of the fusion energy research is focused on magnetic confinement, there have been several alternative confinement methods aimed at the development of smaller and less expensive reactors. A number of these devices utilize a spherically convergent beam of recirculating ions, a technique known as inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC). This study looks at several aspects of IEC devices, including measurements of the fusion rate of an IEC device with a wire mesh electrode cathode, and a solid titanium cathode. In addition, several computational studies were performed to explore the possibilities for IEC fusion. These include development of a 1D-1P …

Scaling Epa-Rimm With Multicore System Management Interrupt Handlers, Alexander K. Freed

Dissertations and Theses

Continuous runtime integrity measurement mechanisms (RIMMs) can be used for timely detection of kernel and hypervisor rootkits. Researchers have proposed running RIMMs in privileged execution environments, such as the x86 architecture’s System Management Mode (SMM), to detect interference from rootkits that have gained control of the host operating system. However, the extended amount of time in SMM required to perform inspections can cause severe disruption to the host. A previously proposed RIMM design called EPA-RIMM addresses this by decomposing long inspections across multiple System Management Interrupts (SMI), the interrupt used to invoke SMM.

EPA-RIMM is intended for deployment on server-class …

Data From: Machine Learning Predictions Of Electricity Capacity, Marcus Harris, Elizabeth Kirby, Ameeta Agrawal, Rhitabrat Pokharel, Francis Puyleart, Martin Zwick

Systems Science Faculty Datasets

This research applies machine learning methods to build predictive models of Net Load Imbalance for the Resource Sufficiency Flexible Ramping Requirement in the Western Energy Imbalance Market. Several methods are used in this research, including Reconstructability Analysis, developed in the systems community, and more well-known methods such as Bayesian Networks, Support Vector Regression, and Neural Networks. The aims of the research are to identify predictive variables and obtain a new stand-alone model that improves prediction accuracy and reduces the INC (ability to increase generation) and DEC (ability to decrease generation) Resource Sufficiency Requirements for Western Energy Imbalance Market participants. This …