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Articles 4081 - 4110 of 10319
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Decomposition Of The Absorbed Dose By Let In Tissue-Equivalent Materials Within The Shield-Hit Transport Code, Nikolai Sobolevsky, Alexander Botvina, Ni̇hal Büyükçi̇zmeci̇, Ayşegül Kaya, Ludmila Latysheva, Riza Oğul
Decomposition Of The Absorbed Dose By Let In Tissue-Equivalent Materials Within The Shield-Hit Transport Code, Nikolai Sobolevsky, Alexander Botvina, Ni̇hal Büyükçi̇zmeci̇, Ayşegül Kaya, Ludmila Latysheva, Riza Oğul
Turkish Journal of Physics
The SHIELD-HIT transport code, in several versions, has been used for modeling the interaction of therapeutic beams of light nuclei with tissue-equivalent materials for a long time. All versions of the code include the useful option of decomposition of the absorbed dose by the linear energy transfer (LET), but this option has not been described and published to date. In this work the procedure of decomposition of the absorbed dose by LET is described and illustrated by using the decomposition of the Bragg curve in a water phantom, irradiated by beams of protons, alpha particles, and ions of lithium and …
Investigation Of A Novel Temperature-Sensing Mechanism Based On Strain-Induced Optical Path-Length Difference In A Multicore Optical Fiber, Belkis Gökbulut, Sema Güvenç, Mehmet Naci̇ İnci̇
Investigation Of A Novel Temperature-Sensing Mechanism Based On Strain-Induced Optical Path-Length Difference In A Multicore Optical Fiber, Belkis Gökbulut, Sema Güvenç, Mehmet Naci̇ İnci̇
Turkish Journal of Physics
A four-core optical fiber is employed to investigate a novel temperature-sensing mechanism, which is based on the strain-induced optical path-length difference between the fiber core pairs. A short segment of a four-core fiber is wound around a solid stainless steel cylinder to form a tight circular loop, which is exposed to temperatures of up to 100 $^{\circ}$C. Temperature-induced radial expansion of the stainless steel cylinder causes a shear strain in the fiber and introduces an optical path-length difference between the fiber core pairs. This results in a total phase shift of about 20.40 $\pm $ 0.29 rad in the interference …
Quark Shapes Of Most Modern Parton Distribution Functions, Hasan Oğul
Quark Shapes Of Most Modern Parton Distribution Functions, Hasan Oğul
Turkish Journal of Physics
Parton distribution functions (PDFs) describe the internal structure of the proton and are necessary inputs to almost all theory predictions of hadron colliders. One way to do a precise measurement of a PDF is to measure the lepton charge asymmetry of W boson where u$\bar{d}\to W^{+}$ and $d\bar{u}\to W^{-}$. Therefore, u, d, $\bar{u}$, and $\bar{d}$ quark shapes of the most modern PDF models (NNPDF3.1, NNPDF3.0, CT14, MMHT2014, and HERAPDF2.0) are inspected using the APFEL online cluster in this paper. The ratio of $d$ to $u$ is further investigated since the charge asymmetry is sensitive to the value of $d$ over …
Accelerating The Solving Of Nonlinear Equations Using The Homotopy Method: Application On Finding The Operating Point Of Complex Circuits, Fathi Dhiabi, Mohamed Boumehraz
Accelerating The Solving Of Nonlinear Equations Using The Homotopy Method: Application On Finding The Operating Point Of Complex Circuits, Fathi Dhiabi, Mohamed Boumehraz
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Analog circuits with nonlinear elements (e.g., diode, BJT, and CMOS) and integrated circuits are very complex systems. As a result, they are very difficult to analyze because of the need to generate a nonlinear equation system solution in order to do so. Solving nonlinear equations is still a challenging problem. Iterative methods, however, are frequently used to solve them. This paper describes a method that can be used to both accelerate the solving of nonlinear equations and find the operating point in various integrated circuits by construction of the global homotopy equation of the analog circuit. This is done by …
Case Study On Wavelet Choice Based On Statistical Image Quality Measures, Igor Vujovic, Ivica Kuzmanic
Case Study On Wavelet Choice Based On Statistical Image Quality Measures, Igor Vujovic, Ivica Kuzmanic
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Surveillance applications are under many negative influences, which should be suppressed, because these negative influences result in incorrectness of the motion mask. Suppression of several conflicting requirements can be optimized by a multiobjective approach. This paper proposes a multiobjective approach to selection of wavelets based on two main objectives: statistical image quality measures and execution time. Execution time is a measure of wavelets complexity. Segmentation is the final goal in order to insure precise operation of any surveillance algorithm. This paper presents a case study considering one, two, three, and four goals for wavelet selection comparison. Different wavelets are found …
Temporal Preconditioners For Marching-On-In-Time-Based Time Domain Integral Equation Solvers, Hüseyi̇n Arda Ülkü
Temporal Preconditioners For Marching-On-In-Time-Based Time Domain Integral Equation Solvers, Hüseyi̇n Arda Ülkü
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Temporal preconditioners to stabilize the marching-on-in-time (MOT)-based time domain integral equation (TDIE) solvers are proposed. Exponentially decaying functions are used as temporal preconditioners and the proposed scheme is applied to analyze scattering from perfect electrically conducting objects using the second-order formulation. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated via numerical examples. It is shown that the temporal preconditioners stabilize the MOT system and the solution. In addition, the initial condition problem of TDIEs is investigated by extending the second-order formulation of the time domain electric field integral equation to the time domain magnetic and combined field integral equations.
Discrete Design Optimization Of Distribution Transformers With Guaranteed Optimum Convergence Using The Cuckoo Search Algorithm, Levent Alhan, Nejat Yumuşak
Discrete Design Optimization Of Distribution Transformers With Guaranteed Optimum Convergence Using The Cuckoo Search Algorithm, Levent Alhan, Nejat Yumuşak
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Transformer design optimization methods presented in the literature rarely yield solutions directly applicable in production; the design engineer usually needs to convert the theoretical solution to a practical one. This problem is addressed in this paper, and a discrete transformer design optimization method is proposed that yields solutions with commercially available or productionally feasible dimensions, thus eliminating the need for further efforts of the design engineer to make the theoretical solution a feasible one. The cuckoo search, a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm, is used as the optimization algorithm in this study, and it is shown that the guaranteed global optimum solution …
Regularity Of Solutions Of The Anisotropic Hyperbolic Heat Equation With Nonregular Heat Sources And Homogeneous Boundary Conditions, Juan Antonio López Molina, Macarena Trujillo
Regularity Of Solutions Of The Anisotropic Hyperbolic Heat Equation With Nonregular Heat Sources And Homogeneous Boundary Conditions, Juan Antonio López Molina, Macarena Trujillo
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We study regularity properties for the solution of homogeneous boundary value problems for the anisotropic hyperbolic heat equation in the case of infinitely differentiable coefficients but irregular distributions as internal heat sources.
The Most Important Inequalities Of $M$-Convex Functions, Zlatko Pavic, Merve Avci Ardiç
The Most Important Inequalities Of $M$-Convex Functions, Zlatko Pavic, Merve Avci Ardiç
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The intention of this article is to investigate the most important inequalities of $m$-convex functions without using their derivatives. The article also provides a brief survey of general properties of $m$-convex functions.
Evaluation Of Sums Involving Products Of Gaussian $Q$-Binomial Coefficients With Applications To Fibonomial Sums, Emrah Kiliç, Helmut Prodinger
Evaluation Of Sums Involving Products Of Gaussian $Q$-Binomial Coefficients With Applications To Fibonomial Sums, Emrah Kiliç, Helmut Prodinger
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Sums of products of two Gaussian $q$-binomial coefficients with a parametric rational weight function are considered. The partial fraction decomposition technique is used to evaluate the sums in closed form. Interesting applications of these results to certain generalized Fibonomial and Lucanomial sums are provided.
$Cc$-Normal Topological Spaces, Lutfi Kalantan, Manal Alhomieyed
$Cc$-Normal Topological Spaces, Lutfi Kalantan, Manal Alhomieyed
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
A topological space $X$ is called \it $CC$-normal \rm if there exist a normal space $Y$ and a bijective function $f:X\longrightarrow Y$ such that the restriction $f_{ _A}:A\longrightarrow f(A)$ is a homeomorphism for each countably compact subspace $A\subseteq X$. We will investigate this property and produce some examples to illustrate the relation between $CC$-normality and other weaker kinds of normality.
Product Of Arbitrary Fibonacci Numbers With Distance 1 To Fibonomial Coefficient, Nuretti̇n Irmak
Product Of Arbitrary Fibonacci Numbers With Distance 1 To Fibonomial Coefficient, Nuretti̇n Irmak
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper, we solve completely the Diophantine equation \begin{gather} F_{n_{1}}F_{n_{2}}\ldots F_{n_{k}}\pm 1={m\brack t}_{F} \end{gather} for $t=1$ and $t=2$ where $2$ < $n_{1}$ < $n_{2}$ < $\ldots$ < $n_{k}$ positive integers and ${m\brack t}_{F}$ is the Fibonomial coefficient.
On Focal Curves Of Null Cartan Curves, Hakan Şi̇mşek
On Focal Curves Of Null Cartan Curves, Hakan Şi̇mşek
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The focal curve, which is determined as the locus of centers of osculatingpseudo-spheres of a null Cartan curve, is investigated in Minkowski(n+2)-space $\mathcal{M}^{n+2}.$ Moreover, a curve called \textit{accelerationfocal curve }of a null Cartan curve is introduced by using a new family of functions.
Extension Of The Darboux Frame Into Euclidean 4-Space And Its Invariants, Mustafa Düldül, Bahar Uyar Düldül, Nuri̇ Kuruoğlu, Ertuğrul Özdamar
Extension Of The Darboux Frame Into Euclidean 4-Space And Its Invariants, Mustafa Düldül, Bahar Uyar Düldül, Nuri̇ Kuruoğlu, Ertuğrul Özdamar
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper, by considering a Frenet curve lying on an oriented hypersurface, we extend the Darboux frame field into Euclidean 4-space $\mathbb{E}^4$. Depending on the linear independency of the curvature vector with the hypersurface's normal, we obtain two cases for this extension. For each case, we obtain some geometrical meanings of new invariants along the curve on the hypersurface. We also give the relationships between the Frenet frame curvatures and Darboux frame curvatures in $\mathbb{E}^4$. Finally, we compute the expressions of the new invariants of a Frenet curve lying on an implicit hypersurface.
A Note On Dynamics In Functional Spaces, Liangxue Peng, Chong Yang
A Note On Dynamics In Functional Spaces, Liangxue Peng, Chong Yang
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this note, we study topologically transitive and hypercyclic composition operators on $C_p(X)$ or $C_k(X)$. We prove that if $G$ is a semigroup of continuous self maps of a countable metric space $X$ with the following properties: (1) every element of $G$ is one-to-one on $X$, (2) the action of $G$ is strongly run-away on $X$, then the action of $\hat{G}$ on $C_p(X)$ is topologically transitive and hypercyclic. If $G$ is the set of all one-to-one and continuous self maps of $\mathbb{R}\setminus \mathbb{Z}$, then the action of $\hat{G}$ on $C_k(\mathbb{R}\setminus \mathbb{Z})$ is hypercyclic. We also show that the action of …
On The Volume Of The Indicatrix Of A Complex Finsler Space, Elena Popovici
On The Volume Of The Indicatrix Of A Complex Finsler Space, Elena Popovici
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
Following the study on volume of indicatrices in a real Finsler space, in this paper we are investigating some volume properties of the indicatrix considered in an arbitrary fixed point of a complex Finsler manifold. Since for each point of a complex Finsler space the indicatrix is an embedded CR-hypersurface of the punctured holomorphic tangent bundle, by means of its normal vector, the volume element of the indicatrix is determined. Thus, the volume function is pointed out and its variation is studied. Conditions under which the volume is constant are also determined and some classes of complex Finsler spaces with …
Naive Forecasting Of Household Natural Gas Consumption With Sliding Window Approach, Mustafa Akpinar, Nejat Yumuşak
Naive Forecasting Of Household Natural Gas Consumption With Sliding Window Approach, Mustafa Akpinar, Nejat Yumuşak
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Household consumption has a significant importance for natural gas wholesale companies. These companies make one-day-ahead forecasting daily. However, there are penalties depending on the error of the estimates. These penalties increase exponentially depending on the error rate. Several studies have been done to develop mathematical models to forecast natural gas consumption and minimize the error rate. However, before mathematical model predictions, a previous step, data preparation, is also important. The data must be prepared correctly before the mathematical model. At this point, prior to the mathematical model, selecting the appropriate data set size has a vital role. In this study, …
Dtreesim: A New Approach To Compute Decision Tree Similarity Using Re-Mining, Gözde Bakirli, Derya Bi̇rant
Dtreesim: A New Approach To Compute Decision Tree Similarity Using Re-Mining, Gözde Bakirli, Derya Bi̇rant
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
A number of recent studies have used a decision tree approach as a data mining technique; some of them needed to evaluate the similarity of decision trees to compare the knowledge reflected in different trees or datasets. There have been multiple perspectives and multiple calculation techniques to measure the similarity of two decision trees, such as using a simple formula or an entropy measure. The main objective of this study is to compute the similarity of decision trees using data mining techniques. This study proposes DTreeSim, a new approach that applies multiple data mining techniques (classification, sequential pattern mining, and …
Neville Interpolation-Based Normal Estimation, Buse Meli̇s Özyildirim, Ulus Çevi̇k
Neville Interpolation-Based Normal Estimation, Buse Meli̇s Özyildirim, Ulus Çevi̇k
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Displaying useful and meaningful information from 3D data is known as volume rendering. Ray casting is one of the most frequently used direct volume rendering methods. It consists of data preparation, sampling, classification, compositing, and shading steps. Normal values are needed for efficient shading. However, 3D volumetric data are discrete and cannot be used directly for shading. Hence, the estimation of normal values, at each voxel on the surface, is needed for realistic shading. In normal estimation, the use of small voxel neighborhoods results in the staircase effect. On the other hand, the use of larger voxel neighborhoods causes loss …
Gica: Imperialist Competitive Algorithm With Globalization Mechanism For Optimization Problems, Yousef Abdi, Mahmoud Lak, Yousef Seyfari
Gica: Imperialist Competitive Algorithm With Globalization Mechanism For Optimization Problems, Yousef Abdi, Mahmoud Lak, Yousef Seyfari
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is a recent global search strategy developed based on human social evolutionary phenomena in the real world. However, the ICA has the drawback of trapping in local optimum solutions when used for high-dimensional or complex multimodal functions. In order to deal with this situation, in this paper an improved ICA, named GICA, is proposed that can enhance ICA performance by using a new assimilation method and establishing a relationship between countries inspired by the globalization concept in the real world. The proposed algorithm is evaluated using a set of well-known benchmark functions for global optimization. …
A Symmetrically Feeding Structure For Dual-Polarized Feeds, Jinyuan Liu, Hui Deng, Bin Ding, Xiaolong Niu
A Symmetrically Feeding Structure For Dual-Polarized Feeds, Jinyuan Liu, Hui Deng, Bin Ding, Xiaolong Niu
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this paper, a symmetrically feeding structure for linear dual-polarized feeds for a compensated compact test range (CCR) and a corresponding wideband balun are put forward. $TM_{01}$ and $TE_{21} $ modes within the circular feeding waveguide are compressed due to its electrical balance. The polarization purity of feeds is then improved. Thus, the level of cross-polarization can be very low, which is the key requirement for CCR. A new wideband balun that acts as a power-divider and phase shifter with low amplitude unbalance and phase unbalance is designed for the new feeding structure. The return loss equation derived from an …
A Measurement Study Of Internet Exchange Points (Ixps): History And Future Prediction, Mohammad Masoud, Yousef Jaradat, Ismael Jannoud
A Measurement Study Of Internet Exchange Points (Ixps): History And Future Prediction, Mohammad Masoud, Yousef Jaradat, Ismael Jannoud
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Internet exchange points (IXPs) emerged to remedy the deficiency of peering connections among autonomous systems (ASes). IXPs play an important role in reducing the cost of transit connections over the Internet. This work attempts to study the popularity of IXPs over the Internet. This work consists of two main parts. The first part is a measurement study of multihistorical snapshots of IXPs. These historical data have been harvested for different European IXPs with emphasis on Amsterdam (AMS-IX) IXP. In the second part, two nonlinear autoregressive exogenous (NARX) back-propagation neural network models (BPNN) have been implemented to predict the following: the …
Analysis Of Reconstruction Performance Of Magnetic Resonance Conductivity Tensor Imaging (Mrcti) Using Simulated Measurements, Evren Deği̇rmenci̇, Behçet Murat Eyüboğlu
Analysis Of Reconstruction Performance Of Magnetic Resonance Conductivity Tensor Imaging (Mrcti) Using Simulated Measurements, Evren Deği̇rmenci̇, Behçet Murat Eyüboğlu
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Magnetic resonance conductivity tensor imaging (MRCTI) was proposed recently to produce electrical conductivity images of anisotropic tissues. Similar to magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT), MRCTI uses magnetic field and boundary potential measurements obtained utilizing magnetic resonance imaging techniques. MRCTI reconstructs tensor images of anisotropic conductivity whereas MREIT reconstructs isotropic conductivity images. In this study, spatial resolution and linearity of five recently proposed MRCTI algorithms are evaluated using simulated measurements gathered from three different computer models. The results show that all five algorithms have quite similar reconstruction performances. Since the AB$_{z}$S algorithm is easier to apply compared to the other …
Performance Comparison Of Axial-Flux-Modulated Motor With Two Pole-Slot Combinations, Huijuan Liu, Yue Hao, Weinong Fu
Performance Comparison Of Axial-Flux-Modulated Motor With Two Pole-Slot Combinations, Huijuan Liu, Yue Hao, Weinong Fu
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Axial-flux-modulated motors (AFMMs) with two pole-slot combinations are presented and analyzed quantitatively. They all have new topology structures, and their design rules differ from those of the traditional machine. The concentrated stator windings are designed to reduce the end length and copper losses; therefore, the efficiency of the motors can be improved. Special iron segments in the air-gap are used to modulate the magnetic field. The two proposed AFMMs have 36 stator slots and 30 stator slots, respectively, and the pole-slot combinations are 6 poles for 36 slots and 4 poles for 30 slots. This paper focuses on the comparative …
A Data-Aware Cognitive Engine For Scheduling Data Intensive Applications In A Grid, Vijaya Nagarajan, Maluk Mohamed Mulk Abdul
A Data-Aware Cognitive Engine For Scheduling Data Intensive Applications In A Grid, Vijaya Nagarajan, Maluk Mohamed Mulk Abdul
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Data-intensive applications produce huge amounts of data that need to be stored, analyzed, and interpreted. A data grid serves as a cost-effective infrastructure for solving these data-intensive applications. Existing scheduling strategies are best suited for handling compute-intensive applications, although they lack in performance while handling data-intensive applications. In this work, a novel mechanism of incorporating cognitive science in a data grid is proposed for scheduling data-intensive workflows. A unique model is derived in which a cognitive engine (CE) is built into the middleware of the data grid. The intelligent agents present in the CE handle the request for data sets …
A Computer-Based Modification Solution For Old Type Of Electro-Controlled Mechanical Jacquard Looms, Mahmut Aykaç, Ercan Yildiz, Abdurrahman Oğuz
A Computer-Based Modification Solution For Old Type Of Electro-Controlled Mechanical Jacquard Looms, Mahmut Aykaç, Ercan Yildiz, Abdurrahman Oğuz
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this study, we modified the old type of electro-controlled mechanical Jacquard looms for the carpet weaving industry by substituting a Jacquard controller with a modern computer running software called the "Weaving Control System", which has also been developed in the context of this study. By this modification, the Jacquard controller, which requires expensive electronic components and maintenance, has been discarded, and a contemporary computer-based solution that is easy to control and use, and cheap to install and maintain, has been employed in the place of the Jacquard controller. Even though the proposed solution has been tested on the Schleicher-type …
Transmission Power Control Using State Estimation-Based Received Signal Strength Prediction For Energy Efficiency In Wireless Sensor Networks, Ramakrishnan Sabitha, Krishna Bhuma, Thangavelu Thyagarajan
Transmission Power Control Using State Estimation-Based Received Signal Strength Prediction For Energy Efficiency In Wireless Sensor Networks, Ramakrishnan Sabitha, Krishna Bhuma, Thangavelu Thyagarajan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In battery-operated wireless sensor networks, the quality of service requirements such as throughput and energy efficiency must be stringently maintained while the least amount of energy is consumed. Since a major portion of energy is spent by the transceiver operations, transmission power control (TPC) in the medium access control (MAC) layer can bring about considerable energy efficiency. Since TPC algorithms will have a direct impact on the received signal strength index (RSSI) at the receiver, RSSI is the primary input parameter for any TPC algorithm. The objective of the proposed work is to decide on the exact value of transmission …
Modeling Hybrid Modulation Strategy With Nearest Leveled Vector Switching Pattern In Space Vector Control Technique For Multilevel Inverters, Rohith Balaji Jonnala, Sai Babu Choppavarapu
Modeling Hybrid Modulation Strategy With Nearest Leveled Vector Switching Pattern In Space Vector Control Technique For Multilevel Inverters, Rohith Balaji Jonnala, Sai Babu Choppavarapu
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The multilevel inverter's impact in the area of power electronics is augmented because of its nimble nature. This paper presents an efficient switching pattern for multilevel inverters using the nearest leveled vector (NLV) strategy through a space vector control (SVC) technique. The objective is to reduce the total harmonic distortions by generating an optimal switching sequence with the newly introduced NLV-SVC for multilevel inverters. The proposed NLV modulation is applied for an asymmetrical multilevel inverter, which has a high number of levels with reduced switch count, sources, and lower switching losses. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified on …
Turkish Synonym Identification From Multiple Resources: Monolingual Corpus, Mono/Bilingual Online Dictionaries, And Wordnet, Tuğba Yildiz, Banu Di̇ri̇, Savaş Yildirim
Turkish Synonym Identification From Multiple Resources: Monolingual Corpus, Mono/Bilingual Online Dictionaries, And Wordnet, Tuğba Yildiz, Banu Di̇ri̇, Savaş Yildirim
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In this study, a model is proposed to determine synonymy by incorporating several resources. The model extracts the features from monolingual online dictionaries, a bilingual online dictionary, WordNet, and a monolingual Turkish corpus. Once it has built a candidate list, it determines the synonymy for a given word by means of those features. All these resources and the approaches are evaluated. Taking all features into account and applying machine learning algorithms, the model shows good performance of F-measure with 81.4%. The study contributes to the literature by integrating several resources and attempting the first corpus-driven synonym detection system for Turkish.
Classifications Of Disturbances Using Wavelet Transform And Support Vector Machine, Neda Hajibandeh, Faramarz Faghihi, Hossein Ranjbar, Hesam Kazari
Classifications Of Disturbances Using Wavelet Transform And Support Vector Machine, Neda Hajibandeh, Faramarz Faghihi, Hossein Ranjbar, Hesam Kazari
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
This paper proposes a new method to detect and classify all kinds of faults, capacitor switching, and load switching in a power system network based on wavelet transform and support vector machines (SVMs). In this regard, a sample of a power system is simulated via MATLAB/Simulink, and by reading the voltage of the point of common coupling and using the wavelet transform, the differences of the outputs of the wavelet transform are investigated. The SVM approach is employed to distinguish the type of the transient (capacitor switching, fault, and/or load switching) in use for the high level outputs of the …