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Articles 721 - 750 of 10317
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Permissioned Blockchain Based Remote Electronic Examination, Öznur Kalkar, İsa Sertkaya
Permissioned Blockchain Based Remote Electronic Examination, Öznur Kalkar, İsa Sertkaya
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Recent coronavirus pandemic transformed almost all aspects of daily life including educational institutions and learning environments. As a result, this transformation brought remote electronic examination (shortly e-exam) concepts back into consideration. In this study, we revisit secure and privacy preserving e-exam protocol proposals and propose an e-exam protocol that utilizes decentralized identity-based verifiable credentials for proof of authentication and public-permissioned blockchain for immutably storing records. In regard to the previously proposed e-exam schemes, our scheme offers both privacy enhancement and better efficiency. More concretely, the proposed solution satisfies test answer authentication, examiner authentication, anonymous marking, anonymous examiner, question secrecy, question …
Blocksim-Net: A Network-Based Blockchain Simulator, Prashanthi Ramachandran, Nandini Agrawal, Osman Bi̇çer, Alpteki̇n Küpçü
Blocksim-Net: A Network-Based Blockchain Simulator, Prashanthi Ramachandran, Nandini Agrawal, Osman Bi̇çer, Alpteki̇n Küpçü
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Since its proposal by Eyal and Sirer (CACM '13), selfish mining attacks on proof-of-work blockchains have been studied extensively. The main body of this research aims at both studying the extent of its impact and defending against it. Yet, before any practical defense is deployed in a real world blockchain system, it needs to be tested for security and dependability. However, real blockchain systems are too complex to conduct any test on or benchmark the developed protocols. Instead, some simulation environments have been proposed recently, such as BlockSim (Maher et al., SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev. '19), which is a modular …
Performance Analysis Of Lightweight Internet Of Things Devices On Blockchainnetworks, Cem Kösemen, Gökhan Dalkiliç, Şafak Öksüzer
Performance Analysis Of Lightweight Internet Of Things Devices On Blockchainnetworks, Cem Kösemen, Gökhan Dalkiliç, Şafak Öksüzer
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Potential integration or cooperation of the Internet of things (IoT) systems and the blockchain technology is nowadays attracting remarkable interest from the researchers. These inter-operating systems often have to rely on lowcost, low-power, and robust IoT devices that can communicate with the blockchain network through smart contracts. In this work, we designed and ran a benchmark study for ESP32-based lightweight IoT devices interacting within the Quorum blockchain. A software library was built for ESP32 devices to enable elliptic-curve digital signing, Keccak-256 hashing, decoding, encoding, and secure private key generation capabilities, which all are the basic functional requirements for running a …
Tri-Op Redactable Blockchains With Block Modification, Removal, And Insertion, Mohammad Sadeq Dousti, Alpteki̇n Küpçü
Tri-Op Redactable Blockchains With Block Modification, Removal, And Insertion, Mohammad Sadeq Dousti, Alpteki̇n Küpçü
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
In distributed computations and cryptography, it is desirable to record events on a public ledger, such that later alterations are computationally infeasible. An implementation of this idea is called blockchain, which is a distributed protocol that allows the creation of an immutable ledger. While such an idea is very appealing, the ledger may be contaminated with incorrect, illegal, or even dangerous data, and everyone running the blockchain protocol has no option but to store and propagate the unwanted data. The ledger is bloated over time, and it is not possible to remove redundant information. Finally, missing data cannot be inserted …
Data Immutability And Event Management Via Blockchain In The Internet Of Things, Hakan Altaş, Gökhan Dalkiliç, Umut Can Çabuk
Data Immutability And Event Management Via Blockchain In The Internet Of Things, Hakan Altaş, Gökhan Dalkiliç, Umut Can Çabuk
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The Internet of things (IoT) is the key enabler of the smart systems used in many areas, from agriculture to aviation, industrial automation to autonomous vehicles. Most IoT deployments employ cost-efficient lightweight devices with limited resources (e.g., bandwidth, energy, storage). Although an IoT network must be built in its simplest form, engineers include more sophisticated devices like gateways and servers to provide web-based services and benefit from cloud systems. So, although the nodes can be widely distributed geographically or topologically, the system becomes centralized, which causes bottlenecks and single-points-of-failure. Furthermore, providing data integrity, nonrepudiation, and event management becomes tricky. In …
Privacy In Blockchain Systems, Murat Osmanoğlu, Ali̇ Aydin Selçuk
Privacy In Blockchain Systems, Murat Osmanoğlu, Ali̇ Aydin Selçuk
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Privacy of blockchains has been a matter of discussion since the inception of Bitcoin. Various techniques with a varying degree of privacy protection and complexity have been proposed over the past decade. In this survey, we present a systematic analysis of these proposals in four categories: (i) identity, (ii) transaction, (iii) consensus, and (iv) smart contract privacy. Each of these categories have privacy requirements of its own, and various solutions have been proposed to meet these requirements. Almost every technique in the literature of privacy enhancing technologies have been applied to blockchains: mix networks, zero-knowledge proofs, blind signatures, ring signatures, …
Block Size Optimization For Pow Consensus Algorithm Based Blockchainapplications By Using Whale Optimization Algorithm, Betül Aygün, Hi̇lal Arslan
Block Size Optimization For Pow Consensus Algorithm Based Blockchainapplications By Using Whale Optimization Algorithm, Betül Aygün, Hi̇lal Arslan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
Blockchain-based applications come up with cryptocurrencies, especially Bitcoin, introducing a distributed ledger technologies for peer-to-peer networks and essentially records the transactions in blocks containing hash value of the previous blocks. Block generation constitutes the basis of this technology, and the optimization of such systems is among the most crucial concerns. Determining either the block size or the number of transactions in the block brings out a remarkable problem that has been solved by the miners in recent years. First, higher block size results in higher transaction time, on the other hand, smaller block size has many disadvantages such as security, …
Estonian Internet Voting With Anonymous Credentials, İsa Sertkaya, Peter Roenne, Peter Y. A. Ryan
Estonian Internet Voting With Anonymous Credentials, İsa Sertkaya, Peter Roenne, Peter Y. A. Ryan
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
The Estonian Internet voting (EIV) scheme is a unique example of a long-term nation-wide, legally binding electronic voting deployment. The EIV scheme is used in parallel with standard paper-based election day voting, of course invalidating an already cast i-vote. This necessarily requires careful authentication of the eligible voters and makes the Estonian identity card solution a crucial part of the scheme, however, note that Parsovs has recently drawn attention to the security flaws found in Estonian ID-cards. In this study, we propose an e-voting scheme EIV-AC that integrates the EIV scheme with anonymous credentials based on self-sovereign identity. In addition …
Forming A Decentralized Research Network: Ds4h, Eni̇s Karaarslan, Meli̇h Bi̇ri̇m, Hüseyi̇n Emre Ari
Forming A Decentralized Research Network: Ds4h, Eni̇s Karaarslan, Meli̇h Bi̇ri̇m, Hüseyi̇n Emre Ari
Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences
There is a trend toward decentralized systems, but these systems are developed without conducting enough software tests. Also, the performance, scalability, and sustainability of the decentralized systems are not taken into account. One of the reasons is the time-consuming testing process. The other is the hardware requirements and the complexity of the software installations of the testing environment. Developer communities need stable and secure research networks to test and develop prototypes before releasing the working versions. Cloud-based blockchain test networks are available, but it allows using a specific framework. Also, users are required to learn how to use each framework. …
The Effect Of Interfacial Morphology On The Magnetic And Magnetocaloricproperties Of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles With Core-Shell Geometry: A Montecarlo Study, Yusuf Yüksel
Turkish Journal of Physics
Within the framework of Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a nanocomposite particle composed of ferromagnetic core and shell layers. We found that isothermal magnetic entropy change may exhibit two peaks associated to two different phase transitions of the core and shell layers. We paid particular attention to the microscopic details of the core/shell interface. Our results suggest that for the large values of the interface exchange coupling, the full width at half maximum is expanded at the expense of the low temperature peak of isothermal entropy change $ \Delta S_{M} $ whereas the high …
Scattering Of Kinks In Noncanonical Sine-Gordon Model, Ishmael Takyi, Benedict Barnes, Hoese Michel Tornyeviadzi, Joseph Ackora-Prah
Scattering Of Kinks In Noncanonical Sine-Gordon Model, Ishmael Takyi, Benedict Barnes, Hoese Michel Tornyeviadzi, Joseph Ackora-Prah
Turkish Journal of Physics
In this paper, we numerically study the scattering of kinks in the noncanonical sine-Gordon model using Fourier spectral methods. The model depends on two free parameters, which control the localized inner structure in the energy density and the characteristics of the scattering potential. It has been conjectured that the kink solutions in the noncanonical model possess inner structures in their energy density, and the presence of these yields bound states and resonance structures for some relative velocities between the kink and the antikink. In the numerical study, we observed that the classical kink mass decreases monotonically as the free parameters …
The Fine Spectral Tuning Of Plasmon Mode And Quantum Emitter Coupling And Itscomparison With The Dark-Hot Resonances, Hira Asif, Rasi̇m Volga Ovali, Ramazan Şahi̇n
The Fine Spectral Tuning Of Plasmon Mode And Quantum Emitter Coupling And Itscomparison With The Dark-Hot Resonances, Hira Asif, Rasi̇m Volga Ovali, Ramazan Şahi̇n
Turkish Journal of Physics
Localization of incident fields into very small volumes (hot-spots) allows strong light-matter interactions at the hot spots. This makes path interference effects, Fano resonances, visible. Fano resonances can appear due to the coupling of a bright plasmon (i) to a longer lifetime dark plasmon mode or (ii) to a quantum object (QO) of a much longer lifetime. The second phenomenon provides a very important utility: the voltage tunability of the linear/nonlinear response. The level-spacing of the QO, such as defect-centers and quantum dots, are voltage-tunable which can make a sharp Fano resonance appear and disappear. Here, we compare the two …
Topical Review: Greybody Factors And Quasinormal Modes For Black Holes Invarious Theories - Fingerprints Of Invisibles, İzzet Sakalli, Sara Kanzi
Topical Review: Greybody Factors And Quasinormal Modes For Black Holes Invarious Theories - Fingerprints Of Invisibles, İzzet Sakalli, Sara Kanzi
Turkish Journal of Physics
We give a pedagogical introduction to black holes (BHs) greybody factors (GFs) and quasinormal modes (QNMs) and share the recent developments on those subjects. To this end, we present some particular analytical and approximation techniques for the computations of the GFs and QNMs. We first review the gravitational GFs and show how they are analytically calculated for static and spherically symmetric higher dimensional BHs, consisting the charged BHs and existence of cosmological constant (i.e. de Sitter (dS)/anti-de Sitter (AdS)AdS BHs). The computations performed involve both the low-energy (having real and small frequencies) and the asymptotic (having extremely high frequency of …
Relativistic Tunneling Through Two "Transparent" Successive Barriers, Massimo Germano
Relativistic Tunneling Through Two "Transparent" Successive Barriers, Massimo Germano
Turkish Journal of Physics
In the case of tunneling of relativistic particles, differently from the nonrelativistic case, a limit of "transparent" barrier can also lead to an apparent "superluminal" behavior when considering the phase time. In this limit, the restricting condition of "opaque" barrier of the nonrelativistic case is avoided, nevertheless, the very thin width of a single barrier to obtain this ?transparent? limit can result in a problem itself, for probing the effect. A combination of two successive transparent barriers can show an apparent "superluminal" behavior along a macroscopic arbitrary distance "L". Two solutions for energy E above and below the potential square …
Variational Field Equations Of A Majorana Neutrino Coupled To Einstein's Theory Of General Relativity, Dündar Teki̇n Dereli̇, Yorgo Şeni̇koğlu
Variational Field Equations Of A Majorana Neutrino Coupled To Einstein's Theory Of General Relativity, Dündar Teki̇n Dereli̇, Yorgo Şeni̇koğlu
Turkish Journal of Physics
A consistent variational derivation of the Majorana 4-spinor field equations coupled to Einstein's theory of gravitation is given. The equivalence of the first and the second order variational field equations is explicitly demonstrated. The Lagrange multiplier 2-forms we use turn out to be precisely the Belinfante-Rosenfeld 2-forms that are needed to symmetrize the canonical energy-momentum tensor of the Majorana spinor.
Extinction And Growth On An Inhomogeneous Seascape, Tung Tran, Mehran Kardar
Extinction And Growth On An Inhomogeneous Seascape, Tung Tran, Mehran Kardar
Turkish Journal of Physics
The effects of noise and nonuniformity on dynamics of populations are relevant and timely subjects of investigation. One form of variation is the time dependence of the reproduction rate (fitness), referred to as ?seascape? noise; another is time-independent intrinsic dependencies of fitness on location (in the parlance of statistical physics, corresponding to annealed and quenched disorder, respectively). The former was studied recently and demonstrated to lead to novel universality classes for extinction and growth. To reduce the gap between this theoretical model and reality, we develop a new formalism for seascape noise where growth and migration parameters are inhomogeneous. In …
Critical Dynamics In Biological Boolean Networks Follows From Symmetric Response To Input Genes, Hamza Çoban, Alkan Kabakçioğlu
Critical Dynamics In Biological Boolean Networks Follows From Symmetric Response To Input Genes, Hamza Çoban, Alkan Kabakçioğlu
Turkish Journal of Physics
A recent observation on an extensive collection of biological gene regulatory networks suggests that the regulatory dynamics is tuned to remain close to the order-chaos boundary in the Lyapunov sense [1]. We here investigate, from a mathematical perspective, the structural/functional constraints which give rise to such accumulation around criticality in these systems. While the role of canalizing functions in this respect is well established, we find that critical sensitivity to small input variations also follows from an over-abundance of symmetrical inputs, i.e. regulatory genes invoking identical or complementary responses on their common target. A random network ensemble constructed to have …
3d Self-Assemble Formation Of Molybdenum Disulfide (Mos2)-Doped Polyacrylamide (Paam) Composite Hydrogels, Sümeyye Durmaz, Ekrem Yildiz, Bengü Özuğur Uysal, Mehmet Önder Pekcan
3d Self-Assemble Formation Of Molybdenum Disulfide (Mos2)-Doped Polyacrylamide (Paam) Composite Hydrogels, Sümeyye Durmaz, Ekrem Yildiz, Bengü Özuğur Uysal, Mehmet Önder Pekcan
Turkish Journal of Physics
Polyacrylamide (PAAm), a renowned member of the hydrogel class, has many uses throughout a wide range of industrial processes, including water absorbed diapers, contact lenses, wastewater treatment, biomedical applications such as drug delivery vehicles and tissue engineering because of its physical stability, durability, flexibility easier shaping, and so on. PAAm also provides new functionalities after the incorporation of inorganic structures such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). During the copolymerization process, the transmittance of all samples reduced significantly after a particular time, referred to as the gel point. Microgels form a tree above the gel point as projected by Flory-Stockmayer …
Dynamic Multicritical Phase Diagrams Of The Mixed Spin (2, 5/2) Blume-Emery-Griffiths Model With Repulsive Biquadratic Coupling, Mustafa Gençaslan, Mustafa Keski̇n
Dynamic Multicritical Phase Diagrams Of The Mixed Spin (2, 5/2) Blume-Emery-Griffiths Model With Repulsive Biquadratic Coupling, Mustafa Gençaslan, Mustafa Keski̇n
Turkish Journal of Physics
We investigated the dynamic phase transitions (DPTs) in the mixed spin (2, 5/2) Blume-Emery Griffiths model with repulsive biquadratic interaction in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field. We used the path probability method to obtain the set of the dynamic equations. We numerically solved these dynamic equations to characterize the nature of first- and second-order phase transitions and to find the DPT temperatures as well as obtain the phases in the system. We constructed the dynamic phase diagrams (DPDs) in reduced temperature and amplitude of oscillating magnetic field plane. We observed that the DPDs display richer, complex and more …
Hyers-Ulam Stability Of A Certain Fredholm Integral Equation, Alberto Simões, Ponmana Selvan
Hyers-Ulam Stability Of A Certain Fredholm Integral Equation, Alberto Simões, Ponmana Selvan
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this paper, by using fixed point theorem we establish the Hyers-Ulam stability and Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of certain homogeneous Fredholm Integral equation of the second kind $$ \phi(x) = \lambda \int_{0}^{1}(1+x+t) \, \phi(t) \, dt $$ and the nonhomogeneous equation $$ \phi(x) = x + \lambda \int_{0}^{1}(1+x+t) \, \phi(t) \, dt $$ for all $x \in [0,1]$ and $0
On The Application Of Euler's Method To Linear Integro Differential Equations And Comparison With Existing Methods, Deni̇z Elmaci, Nurcan Baykuş Savaşaneri̇l, Fadi̇me Dal, Mehmet Sezer
On The Application Of Euler's Method To Linear Integro Differential Equations And Comparison With Existing Methods, Deni̇z Elmaci, Nurcan Baykuş Savaşaneri̇l, Fadi̇me Dal, Mehmet Sezer
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this study, a collocation method using Euler method for solving systems of linear integro-differential equations is presented. Thesolution process is illustrated and various physically relevant results are obtained. Comparison of the obtained results with exactsolutions and solutions obtained by other methods show that the proposed method is an effective and highly promising for linear integro-differential equation systems. All of numerical calculations have been made on a computer using a program written in Matlab.
To The Solution Of Integro-Differential Equations With Nonlocal Conditions, Kamil R. Aida-Zade, Vagif M. Abdullayev
To The Solution Of Integro-Differential Equations With Nonlocal Conditions, Kamil R. Aida-Zade, Vagif M. Abdullayev
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We investigate linear integro-differential equations with ordinary derivatives. The kernels of the integrands depend only on the variable of integration, and the conditions involve the terms with the point and integral values of the unknown function. We drive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the problem, which can be used both for analytical and numerical solutions. We present the results of solving an illustrative test problem.
Two Nonzero Weak Solutions For A Quasilinear Kirchhoff Type Problem, Lin Li, Stepan Tersian
Two Nonzero Weak Solutions For A Quasilinear Kirchhoff Type Problem, Lin Li, Stepan Tersian
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We study the existence of two nonzero solutions for a class of quasilinear Kirchhoff problems. The approach is based on the variational methods. Our nonlinerity is contrast to some previous results is that superlinear growth at infinity.
$P$-Strong Convergence With Respect To An Orlicz Function, Ni̇lay Şahi̇n Bayram
$P$-Strong Convergence With Respect To An Orlicz Function, Ni̇lay Şahi̇n Bayram
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The concepts of strong convergence, statistical convergence, and uniform integrability are of some interest in convergence theories. Recently Ünver and Orhan [19] have introduced the concepts of $P$-strong and $P$-statistical convergences with the help of power series methods and established a relationship between them. In the present paper, we introduce the notion of $P$-strong convergence with respect to an Orlicz function and prove that all these three concepts are boundedly equivalent provided that Orlicz function satisfies $\triangle _{2}-$condition. We also get an improvement of this result by using the concept of uniform integrability.
Solving Nonlinear Integro-Differential Equations Using Numerical Method, Nedjem Eddine Ramdani, Sandra Pinelas
Solving Nonlinear Integro-Differential Equations Using Numerical Method, Nedjem Eddine Ramdani, Sandra Pinelas
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The aim of this paper is to establish conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution of a nonlinear integro-differential equation. Moreover, it is to propose a quadrature method in order to find an approximate solution and establish the convergence of the method. We conclude by providing the algorithm and some numerical simulation to confirm our theoretical results.
On A Class Of Generalized Humbert-Hermite Polynomials Via Generalized Fibonacci Polynomials, Mahmood Ahmad Pathan, Wassem Ahmad Khan
On A Class Of Generalized Humbert-Hermite Polynomials Via Generalized Fibonacci Polynomials, Mahmood Ahmad Pathan, Wassem Ahmad Khan
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
A unified presentation of a class of Humbert's polynomials in two variables which generalizes the well known class of Gegenbauer, Humbert, Legendre, Chebycheff, Pincherle, Horadam, Kinney, Horadam-Pethe, Djordjevi${\acute{c}}$, Gould, Milovanovi${\acute{c}}$ and Djordjevi${\acute{c}}$, Pathan and Khan polynomials and many not so called 'named' polynomials has inspired the present paper. We define here generalized Humbert-Hermite polynomials of two variables. Several expansions of Humbert-Hermite polynomials, Hermite-Gegenbaurer (or ultraspherical) polynomials
Application Of Gegenbauer Polynomials For Biunivalent Functions Defined By Subordination, Fethi̇ye Müge Sakar, Saqib Hussain, Ibrar Ahmad
Application Of Gegenbauer Polynomials For Biunivalent Functions Defined By Subordination, Fethi̇ye Müge Sakar, Saqib Hussain, Ibrar Ahmad
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
We present and investigate a new subclass of biunivalent functions by applying Gegenbouer polynomials in this paper. Also, we find nonsharp estimates on the first two coefficients $\left \vert b_{0}\right \vert $ and $% \left \vert b_{1}\right \vert $ for functions belonging to this subclass. Furthermore, the Fekete-Szegö inequality $\left \vert b_{1}-\eta b_{0}^{2}\right \vert $ for this subclass is obtained. We also point out some consequences of results.
An Application Of Modified Sigmoid Function To A Class Of $Q-$ Starlike And $Q-$ Convex Analytic Error Functions, Arzu Akgül
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
In this study, in the open unit disc $\Lambda$, by applying the $q-$ derivative operator and the fractional $q-$ derivative operator and by using the principle of subordination between analytic functions, we introduce some new interesting subclasses of $q-$ starlike and $q-$ convex analytic functions associated with error functions and modified sigmoid functions.
A Class Of Finsler Measure Spaces Of Constant Weighted Ricci Curvature, Songting Yin, Xiaohuan Mo, Ling Zhu
A Class Of Finsler Measure Spaces Of Constant Weighted Ricci Curvature, Songting Yin, Xiaohuan Mo, Ling Zhu
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
The weight Ricci curvature plays an important role in studying global Finsler geometry. In this paper, we study a class of Finsler measure spaces of constant weighted Ricci curvature. We explicitly construct new families of such complete Finsler measure spaces. In particular, we find an eigenfunction and its eigenvalue for such spaces, generalizing a result previously only known in the case of Gaussian shrinking soliton. Finally, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on the coordinate functions for these spaces to be Euclidean measure spaces.
On Almost S-Weakly Regular Rings, Kanchan Jangra, Dinesh Udar
On Almost S-Weakly Regular Rings, Kanchan Jangra, Dinesh Udar
Turkish Journal of Mathematics
An element $a$ of $R$ is called s-weakly regular (SWR) if $a\in aRa^2R$. A ring $R$ is called an almost SWR if for any $a\in R$, either $a$ or $1-a$ is SWR. In this paper, we introduce almost SWR rings as the generalization of abelian von Neumann local (VNL) rings and SWR rings. We provide various properties and characterizations of almost SWR rings. We discuss various extension rings to be almost SWR. Further, we discuss SWR group rings and almost SWR group rings.