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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Green´S Function For Particle Of Spin 0 And 1/2 In The Field Of Volkov Plane Wave, N. Chine, Lyazid Chetouani Jan 2007

Green´S Function For Particle Of Spin 0 And 1/2 In The Field Of Volkov Plane Wave, N. Chine, Lyazid Chetouani

Turkish Journal of Physics

The Green´s functions for relativistic particles, with and without spin in interaction with an electromagnetic plane wave, are obtained via Parisi-Wu stochastic quantization method after having solved the corresponding Langevin equation.


Infrared Analysis And Physical Properties Studies Of B_2o_3 · Cao · Zno · Tio_2 Glass System, M. Gabr, Karam Abdel-Ati Ali, Ahmed Gamal El-Din Mostafa Jan 2007

Infrared Analysis And Physical Properties Studies Of B_2o_3 · Cao · Zno · Tio_2 Glass System, M. Gabr, Karam Abdel-Ati Ali, Ahmed Gamal El-Din Mostafa

Turkish Journal of Physics

The glass system having (B_2O_3)_{0.60}(CaO)_{0.25}(ZnO)_{0.15-x} (TiO_2)_x, where x = 0.0, 0.025, 0.05,..., 0.15, was investigated using infrared spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, density, magnetic susceptibility and dc electrical conductivity. The obtained IR results showed that most titanium ions exist as network former while most zinc ions exist as network modifier but boron ions appeared in different structural groups. As titanium oxide was gradually increased to 10 mol%, the glass stability, density and magnetic susceptibility increased, while the molar volume and dc electrical activation energy decreased. When titanium oxide increased from 10 to 15 mol%, the measured and the calculated properties tend …


Structural, Electrical And Infrared Studies Of Ni_{0.7}Cd_{0.3}Sm_Xfe_{2-X}O_4 Ferrite, M. Z. Said, D. M. Hemeda, S. Abdel Kader, G. Z. Farag Jan 2007

Structural, Electrical And Infrared Studies Of Ni_{0.7}Cd_{0.3}Sm_Xfe_{2-X}O_4 Ferrite, M. Z. Said, D. M. Hemeda, S. Abdel Kader, G. Z. Farag

Turkish Journal of Physics

A series of samples of the system Ni_{0.7}Cd_{0.3}Sm_xFe_{2-x}O_4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06) were prepared by the usual ceramic technique. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and electrical properties were studied. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirms the presence of spinel phase structure for the sample without Sm content. For the samples with Sm ions, some diffraction peaks appeared which belongs to the orthorhombic phase structure. The main two absorption bands in IR spectra were observed around 600 cm^{-1} (\upsilon_1), which was attributed to stretching vibration of tetrahedral groups Fe^{3+}-O^{2-}, and that around 400~cm^{-1} (\upsilon _2) was …


Antiferromagnetic Transition In Thermally Evaporated Manganese-Vanadium Alloys, F. Boakye Jan 2007

Antiferromagnetic Transition In Thermally Evaporated Manganese-Vanadium Alloys, F. Boakye

Turkish Journal of Physics

Antiferromagnetic transition in thermally evaporated Mn-V alloys has been studied using resistivity-temperature measurements from 300 to 1.4 K. Resistivity-temperature behaviour typical of bulk \alpha -Mn rich specimen is obtained with 0.05 at % V in Mn. The Néel point is shifted to 86 \pm 1 K from the value of 90 \pm 1 K known for pure \alpha -Mn. The Néel point is shifted further to lower values as the concentration of V in Mn increases. Below the temperature corresponding to the low temperature resistivity minimum, the resistivity obeys a T^2 law, suggesting that vanadium impurities in the manganese film …


The Extreme Ultraviolet Emission Lines Of Some Cataclysmic Variables At Outburst, Romanus N. C. Eze Jan 2007

The Extreme Ultraviolet Emission Lines Of Some Cataclysmic Variables At Outburst, Romanus N. C. Eze

Turkish Journal of Physics

Using spectral technique, analyses of some astrophysical data from the EUVE satellite in the Extreme Ultraviolet region on accretion disk of some cataclysmic variable were carried out. A number of strong emission lines in 14 CVs were discovered. Most CVs follow a similar trend in the number of ionized elements present in their spectrum while some have very few or no ionized elements in their spectrum. The AM Herculis star, which has the weakest magnetic field of all seven magnetic CVs studied, contain no ionized elements in its EUVE spectroscopy. However, for the rest of the CVs, there is sufficient …


Unsteady Mhd Flow Due To Eccentric Rotating Disks For Suction And Blowing, Muhammad R. Mohyuddin Jan 2007

Unsteady Mhd Flow Due To Eccentric Rotating Disks For Suction And Blowing, Muhammad R. Mohyuddin

Turkish Journal of Physics

An exact solution of unsteady flow of a viscous fluid due to a sudden pull with constant velocities of non-coaxial rotations between two porous infinite disks in the presence of uniform transpose magnetic field is investigated. Two different methods are used to obtain the solution at large times and the solution at small times. The effects of magnetic field suction and injection on the velocity distributions are presented.


Dynamics Of Stochastic Systems: Effect On Spectral Line Shapes, A. Benotsmane, Ahmed Ahmadouche Jan 2007

Dynamics Of Stochastic Systems: Effect On Spectral Line Shapes, A. Benotsmane, Ahmed Ahmadouche

Turkish Journal of Physics

We present a theoretical approach to describe the dynamics of a system induced by stochastic couplings and undergoing dephasing processes. We consider a model frequently encountered in the study of non-radiative transitions in molecular systems, the case of two configurations stochastically coupled. In this model, we use a system whose excited radiant state is coupled stochastically to a non-radiant state of a lower electronic configuration. We show the line shape for stochastic non-diagonal perturbations to remain Lorentzian. This result is different from the case of frequency modulation where a transition from a Gaussian to a Lorentzian line shape can be …


Effects Of The Left-Right Asymmetry Parameter In The End Point Of The Tritium-Beta Spectrum, A. Gutierrez-Rodriguez, M. A. Hernandez-Ruiz, F. Ramirez-Sanchez Jan 2007

Effects Of The Left-Right Asymmetry Parameter In The End Point Of The Tritium-Beta Spectrum, A. Gutierrez-Rodriguez, M. A. Hernandez-Ruiz, F. Ramirez-Sanchez

Turkish Journal of Physics

We start with a Left-Right Symmetric Model and we analyze the endpoint of the beta decay of tritium ^3H \rightarrow ^3He + e- + bar{\nu}_e. We applied this model to incorporate the right currents, whereby we propose an amplitude whose leptonic part contains the parameter \lambda defined as a left-right asymmetry parameter which measures the parity violation. We realized a numerical computation for the sensibility of the Mainz and Troitsk experiments for m_{\nu_e}= 2.2 eV; and for the future beta decay experiment KATRIN, which will reach a sensitivity of m_{\nu_e} \approx 0.2 eV. We find that the electron energy spectrum …


Algebraic Treatment Of Scattering Via The Manning-Rosen Potential Related To The So(2, 1) Group, Nurşen Seçki̇n Görgün, Fi̇kret Işik Jan 2007

Algebraic Treatment Of Scattering Via The Manning-Rosen Potential Related To The So(2, 1) Group, Nurşen Seçki̇n Görgün, Fi̇kret Işik

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this study, we consider SO(2,1) \supset SO(1,1) subgroup reduction from one dimensional scattering systems related to SO(2,1). As an analytical application, we show via algebraic approach the Manning-Rosen potential belongs to the class of potentials corresponding to the reduction SO(2,1) \supset SO(1,1). The wave function and the scattering matrix of the system with this potential were determined.


Time Dependent Entropy Of Constant Force Motion, Özgür Özcan, Ethem Aktürk, Ramazan Sever Jan 2007

Time Dependent Entropy Of Constant Force Motion, Özgür Özcan, Ethem Aktürk, Ramazan Sever

Turkish Journal of Physics

Time dependent entropy of constant force motion is investigated. Obtained is the joint entropy, also known as the Leipnik entropy. The main purpose of this work is to calculate the Leipnik entropy via a time dependent wave function which is obtained by the Feynman path integral method. For this case it is found the Leipnik entropy increases with time, and is the same behavior as in the free particle case.


Application Of Pma Towards Moderating The Charge Storage Capability Of Mis Memory Cell Based On Pecvd Deposited Silicon Nitride Thin Films, Satinder K. Sharma, B. Prasad, Dinesh Kumar Jan 2007

Application Of Pma Towards Moderating The Charge Storage Capability Of Mis Memory Cell Based On Pecvd Deposited Silicon Nitride Thin Films, Satinder K. Sharma, B. Prasad, Dinesh Kumar

Turkish Journal of Physics

A memory capacitor formed from Al/Si_3N_4/Si was prepared by means of trapping and de trapping mechanism of the dielectric films. Charge trapping and interface state characteristics of silicon nitride (Si_3N_4) films deposited by standard plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition technique were investigated. High frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V), conductance-voltage (G-V) and current voltage (I-V) measurements were carried out at various temperatures on metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors, for as-deposited samples, post metallization annealed (PMA) at 400 °C and 600 °C samples. The electrically measured characteristics indicate the shift in flat band voltage V_FB in silicon nitride (Si_3N_4) was initially much higher in the as-deposited samples. …


The Origin Of X-Ray Emission Lines From Ss Cgy, Romanus N. C. Eze Jan 2007

The Origin Of X-Ray Emission Lines From Ss Cgy, Romanus N. C. Eze

Turkish Journal of Physics

SS Cyg is a dwarf nova binary star that undergoes frequent large amplitude outburst within a period of 40 days. SS Cyg was observed with the Chandra x-ray telescope in quiescence on 2000 August 24, and near the peak and early decline of a narrow outburst on 2000 September 12 and 14 (exposures of 47 and 96 ks). The spectrum of the source shows strong emission lines of O VII and O VIII in all three observations. These lines, we note, originate from the boundary layer.


Study Of Vickers´ Micro Hardness On Inbi_0.85sb_0.15 Single Crystals, Dimple Shah, G. R. Pandya, S. M. Vyas, M. P. Jani Jan 2007

Study Of Vickers´ Micro Hardness On Inbi_0.85sb_0.15 Single Crystals, Dimple Shah, G. R. Pandya, S. M. Vyas, M. P. Jani

Turkish Journal of Physics

InBi_0.85Sb_0.15 single crystals have been grown by zone-melting method. The growth velocity was 0.8 cm/h and the freezing interface temperature was 35 °C/cm. A Vickers' projection microscope was used for the study of micro hardness of the crystals. Hardness tests were carried out on the as-cleaved, cold-worked and annealed surfaces of the crystals. The effect of perfection of crystals on micro hardness with respect to the cold-worked, as-cleaved and annealed crystals have been studied and the results are reported.


Preparation And Study Of The Structural, Optical And Electrical Properties Of Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 Thin Films, Athar Javed Jan 2007

Preparation And Study Of The Structural, Optical And Electrical Properties Of Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 Thin Films, Athar Javed

Turkish Journal of Physics

Thin film samples of Cu(In,Ga)Se_2 (CIGS) were prepared at room temperature by physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique using resistive heating method onto soda lime glass substrates. Deposition conditions were same for all the samples. The prepared samples were annealed in vacuum at temperature of 200 °C for 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes and were characterized structurally, optically and electrically. The structural analysis indicate the partial formation of quaternary CIGS compounds for the samples which were annealed in vacuum at 200 °C for 30 and 60 minutes. XRD analysis indicate that there is a continuous growth and improvement in …


Silver Mode For Heavy Higgs Search In The Presence Of A Fourth Sm Family, Saleh Sultansoy, Gökhan Ünel Jan 2007

Silver Mode For Heavy Higgs Search In The Presence Of A Fourth Sm Family, Saleh Sultansoy, Gökhan Ünel

Turkish Journal of Physics

We investigate the possible enhancement to the discovery of the heavy Higgs boson through the possible fourth standard model family heavy neutrino. Using the channel h\to\nu_4\bar{\nu}_4 \to \mu W\mu W \to \mu j j\mu j j it is found that for certain ranges of the Higgs boson and \nu_4 masses, LHC could discover both of them simultaneously with 1fb^{-1} integrated luminosity.


Five Dimensional Anisotropic Homogeneous Cosmological Models In Second Self Creation Theory Of Gravitation, Ganeshwar Mohanty, Kamal Lochan Mahanta Jan 2007

Five Dimensional Anisotropic Homogeneous Cosmological Models In Second Self Creation Theory Of Gravitation, Ganeshwar Mohanty, Kamal Lochan Mahanta

Turkish Journal of Physics

Five dimensional homogeneous anisotropic cosmological models in Barber's second self creation theory are constructed when the gravitational field is generated by a perfect fluid. Under the power law dependence of the scale factors, the perfect fluid models degenerate Zeldovich fluid models. The physical and geometrical features of these models are discussed.


On The Eigensolutions Of The One-Dimensional Kemmer Oscillator, A. Boumali Jan 2007

On The Eigensolutions Of The One-Dimensional Kemmer Oscillator, A. Boumali

Turkish Journal of Physics

In the present paper, we solve the one-dimensional Kemmer equation in the presence of the Dirac oscillator potential. Following Greiner in [23], we have shown that the eigensolutions are decoupled in two sets.


An Investigation Of The Effects Of Hydrogen On Local Strain Fields And Structural Disorder-To-Order Transition In Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon, Aniekan Magnus Ukpong Jan 2007

An Investigation Of The Effects Of Hydrogen On Local Strain Fields And Structural Disorder-To-Order Transition In Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon, Aniekan Magnus Ukpong

Turkish Journal of Physics

This study utilizes the fluctuations in the mean silicon-silicon near neighbour distances and local atomic-level stresses to study the chemically-induced disorder-to-order transition in hydrogenated amorphous silicon as a function of hydrogen concentration C_H. The correlation between a suitable stress and structure parameter shows a three-stage structure transition that culminates in the formation of a crystalline phase at high C_H. In the low C_H limit, the structural changes are characterized by a linear response to stress giving a rigidity modulus of 73.43+-15 GPa. In the intermediate and high C_H limits, the stress-structure correlation shows a volume-dependence. At very high hydrogen concentrations, …


Optical Properties And Determination Of Thermal Transformation Parameters For Se_{0.65}Te_{0.35} High Reflectance Thin Films, Ayman Ahmed El-Amin, Aly Mohammed Badr, Foaud Abdel-Wahaab Jan 2007

Optical Properties And Determination Of Thermal Transformation Parameters For Se_{0.65}Te_{0.35} High Reflectance Thin Films, Ayman Ahmed El-Amin, Aly Mohammed Badr, Foaud Abdel-Wahaab

Turkish Journal of Physics

Chalcogenide glasses Se-Te have been prepared from the high purity constituent elements. Thin films of these materials have been deposited by vacuum evaporation. The thickness effects on the optical properties have been performed for the as-deposited films. The impact of varying thickness on the value of the optical gap is also reported and discussed. The resultant films were in amorphous nature. The reflectance and transmittance spectra were measured for the mentioned films and analyzed in the incident photon energy range from 1.16 to 2.47 eV. The refractive indices were determined as a function of wavelength via the transmittance analysis in …


Electrical Resistivity Of Liquid Alkali Na-Based Binary Alloys, Aditya M. Vora Jan 2007

Electrical Resistivity Of Liquid Alkali Na-Based Binary Alloys, Aditya M. Vora

Turkish Journal of Physics

The study of the electrical resistivity \rho_L of alkali Na-based binary alloys Na_{1-x}Li_x, Na_{1-x}K_x, Na_{1-x}Rb_x and Na_{1-x}Cs_x have been made by well-recognized model potential of Gajjar et al. The most recent exchange and correlation functions due to Farid et al (F) and Sarkar et al (S) are used for the first time in the study of electrical resistivity of liquid binary mixtures and found suitable for such study. The results, due to the inclusion of Sarkar et al's local field correction function, are found superior to those obtained due to Farid et al's local field correction function. Electrical resistivity of …


2d Maxy--Jres Nmr Spectroscopy Of Ch_Nch_M (Ca_Ncx_M) Groups: Product Operator Theory And Simulation, İrfan Şaka, Sedat Gümüş, Azmi̇ Gençten Jan 2007

2d Maxy--Jres Nmr Spectroscopy Of Ch_Nch_M (Ca_Ncx_M) Groups: Product Operator Theory And Simulation, İrfan Şaka, Sedat Gümüş, Azmi̇ Gençten

Turkish Journal of Physics

There exist a variety of multi-pulse NMR experiments for spectral editing of complex molecules in solution. Maximum quantum correlation NMR spectroscopy (MAXY NMR) is one of the techniques for distinguishing CH_n groups by editing ^1H NMR spectra. Spectral assignments of 2D homonuclear J-resolved NMR spectroscopy become too difficult, due to complex overlapping spectra. In order to overcome this problem a new technique called 2D MAXY-JRES NMR spectroscopy, which is the combination of MAXY NMR and homonuclear J-resolved NMR spectroscopy techniques, is used. In this study, product operator theory of 2D MAXY-JRES NMR spectroscopy is performed for IS_n I'S'_m (I = …


A New And Convenient Method Of Generating Alkyl Isocyanates From Alcohols, Thiols, And Trimethylsilyl Ethers Using A 2,4,6-Trichloro[1,3,5] Triazine/N-Bu_4nocn, Batool Akhlaghinia, Sima Samiei Jan 2007

A New And Convenient Method Of Generating Alkyl Isocyanates From Alcohols, Thiols, And Trimethylsilyl Ethers Using A 2,4,6-Trichloro[1,3,5] Triazine/N-Bu_4nocn, Batool Akhlaghinia, Sima Samiei

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Alkyl isocyanates are prepared in good to excellent yields by treatment of alcohols, thiols, and trimethylsilyl ethers with 2,4,6-trichloro[1,3,5] triazine/n-Bu_4NOCN in acetonitrile. This method is highly selective for conversion of 1° alcohols to alkyl isocyanates in the presence of 2° and 3° alcohols, thiols, and trimethylsilyl ethers.


A Sensitive Ann Based Differential Relay For Transformer Protection With Security Against Ct Saturation And Tap Changer Operation, Hassan Khorashadi Zadeh, Zuyi Li Jan 2007

A Sensitive Ann Based Differential Relay For Transformer Protection With Security Against Ct Saturation And Tap Changer Operation, Hassan Khorashadi Zadeh, Zuyi Li

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This paper presents an artificial neural network (ANN) based scheme for fault identification in power transformer protection. The proposed scheme is featured by the application of ANN to identifying system patterns, the unique choice of harmonics of positive sequence differential currents as ANN inputs, the effective handling of current transformer (CT) saturation with an ANN based approach, and the consideration of tap changer position for correcting secondary CT current. Performance of the proposed scheme is studied for a wide variety of operating conditions using data generated from simulation. The results indicate that the proposed scheme provides a fast and sensitive …


Analysis Of Finline Structures With Consideration Of Metallization Thickness And Substrate Mounting Grooves, Abderrahmane Ouadi, Hadj Bourdoucen Jan 2007

Analysis Of Finline Structures With Consideration Of Metallization Thickness And Substrate Mounting Grooves, Abderrahmane Ouadi, Hadj Bourdoucen

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, mathematical analysis and numerical calculations of main parameters of finline structures with finite metallization thickness and substrate mounting grooves are developed based on the Method of Lines (MoL). The results obtained provide confirmation of the validity of the technique used and prove its simplicity and adequacy for treating different types of planar structures mainly finline based structures. Unilateral and bilateral finlines including practical parameters, such as metallization thickness and grooves' depths, have been investigated. The effect of these two parameters have been discussed based on realistic configurations and the results show that, at higher frequencies, the grooves …


New Method For Investigation Of Dynamic Parameters Of Thermoelectric Modules, Raşi̇t Ahiska Jan 2007

New Method For Investigation Of Dynamic Parameters Of Thermoelectric Modules, Raşi̇t Ahiska

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Precise calculation of parameters of thermoelectric modules and thermoelectric devices under operating conditions by present methods is very difficult. In this study, a new method is developed to calculate all parameters of thermoelectric modules. This new method makes it possible to determine the dynamic parameters of a real thermoelectric module operated under different working regimes. Measurement of thermoemf created by an operating module is the basis of this new method. An unloaded thermoelectric module, whose dynamic output parameters are necessary in the design of a medical helmet for the cooling of brain, has been investigated using this new method. A …


Data Mining And Costas Arrays, Konstantinos Drakakis Jan 2007

Data Mining And Costas Arrays, Konstantinos Drakakis

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Costas arrays are used in RADAR (and SONAR) engineering to represent frequency-hopping patterns that optimize the RADAR's performance. In this work, using all available Costas arrays up to and including order 26, as well as data mining techniques, we investigate how the Costas property and the balance of signs in the difference triangle of a permutation are related. Our conclusion is that there is sufficient evidence to believe that the mechanism responsible for the formation of Costas arrays changes from low to high orders.


A Combinatorial Approach Of Real Ga & Fuzzy To Atc Enhancement, Hossein Farahmand, Masoud Rashidinejad, Ali Akbar Gharaveici Jan 2007

A Combinatorial Approach Of Real Ga & Fuzzy To Atc Enhancement, Hossein Farahmand, Masoud Rashidinejad, Ali Akbar Gharaveici

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Under new de-regulated environment an open access to transmission system seems to be desired. Transmission system operators (TSOs) are encouraged to use the existing facilities more efficiently. This paper focuses on study of the best location for SVC as a FACTS device to improve voltage profile as well as maximum available transfer capacity (ATC) in order to achieve lower prices. Real genetic algorithm (RGA) is used for optimization technique and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) associated with fuzzy sets to obtain priority vector for each alternative to evaluate the GA fitness. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is shown through case …


Offline Signature Verification Using Graph Matching, Ibrahim S. I. Abuhaiba Jan 2007

Offline Signature Verification Using Graph Matching, Ibrahim S. I. Abuhaiba

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this paper, we present a simple and effective signature verification method that depends only on the raw binary pixel intensities and avoids using complex sets of features. The method looks at the signature verification problem as a graph matching problem. The method is tested using genuine and forgery signatures produced by five subjects. An equal error rate of 26.7% and 5.6% was achieved for skilled and random forgeries, respectively. A positive property of our algorithm is that the false acceptance rate of random forgeries vanishes at the point of equal false rejection and skilled forgery false acceptance rates. Keeping …


A Review Of Studies In Swarm Robotics, Levent Bayindir, Erol Şahi̇n Jan 2007

A Review Of Studies In Swarm Robotics, Levent Bayindir, Erol Şahi̇n

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Swarm robotics is a new approach to the coordination of large numbers of relatively simple robots. The approach takes its inspiration from the system-level functioning of social insects which demonstrate three desired characteristics for multi-robot systems: robustness, flexibility and scalability. In this paper we have presented a preliminary taxonomy for swarm robotics and classified existing studies into this taxonomy after investigating the existing surveys related to swarm robotics literature. Our parent taxonomic units are modeling, behavior design, communication, analytical studies and problems. We are classifying existing studies into these main axes. Since existing reviews do not have enough number of …


Aggregation, Foraging, And Formation Control Of Swarms With Non-Holonomic Agents Using Potential Functions And Sliding Mode Techniques, Veysel Gazi̇, Bariş Fi̇dan, Y. Si̇nan Hanay, İlter Köksal Jan 2007

Aggregation, Foraging, And Formation Control Of Swarms With Non-Holonomic Agents Using Potential Functions And Sliding Mode Techniques, Veysel Gazi̇, Bariş Fi̇dan, Y. Si̇nan Hanay, İlter Köksal

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

In this article we consider the aggregation, foraging, and formation control of swarms whose agents are moving in 2-dimensions with non-holonomic unicycle agent dynamics. We approach these problems using artificial potentials and sliding mode control. The main contribution is extension of the recent results (mainly for aggregation) in the literature based on a similar approach for simple integrator agent dynamics models to a significantly more realistic and more difficult setting with non-holonomic unicycle agent dynamics models. In particular, we design continuous-time control schemes via a constructive analysis based on artificial potential functions and sliding mode control techniques. The effectiveness of …