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Articles 9541 - 9570 of 10317

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Gauge Invariant Reduction And Integrability Of Sl(2 ,R)/ U(1) Wznw Theory, Chris Ford, George Jorjadze, Gerhard Weigt Jan 2000

Gauge Invariant Reduction And Integrability Of Sl(2 ,R)/ U(1) Wznw Theory, Chris Ford, George Jorjadze, Gerhard Weigt

Turkish Journal of Physics

The general solution of $SL(2,{\bf R})/U(1)$ WZNW theory is constructed by a gauge invariant reduction. This is done within both Lagrangian and Hamiltonian frameworks.


A Detour In De Sitter Space While Calculating Vacuum Fluctuatins, M. Hortaçsu Jan 2000

A Detour In De Sitter Space While Calculating Vacuum Fluctuatins, M. Hortaçsu

Turkish Journal of Physics

{We study vacuum fluctuations of different gravitational waves by taking a detour in de Sitter space in the intermediate steps. We find finite contributions when the coupling constant is dimensionless, whereas null result persists in the cases with dimensional coupling constants. We also test our method for exactly solvable cases, and show that no spurious perturbative effects are introduced through our method.


Nonabelian Cosmic Strings From So(3) Gauge Symmetry, Mehmet Koca Jan 2000

Nonabelian Cosmic Strings From So(3) Gauge Symmetry, Mehmet Koca

Turkish Journal of Physics

The nature of $SO(3)$ breaking into its closed subgroups and the emergence of nonabelian cosmic strings are discussed. Relevance to GUT breaking and thereby to cosmology is pointed out. Classification of cosmic strings are associated with the affine ADE Lie algebras.


On The Duality Of Quantum Liouville Field Theory, L. O'Raifeartaigh, J. M. Pawlowski, V. V. Sreedhar Jan 2000

On The Duality Of Quantum Liouville Field Theory, L. O'Raifeartaigh, J. M. Pawlowski, V. V. Sreedhar

Turkish Journal of Physics

It has been found empirically that the Virasoro centre and 3-point functions of quantum Liouville field theory with potential $e^{2b\phi(x)}$ and external primary fields exp($\alpha\phi(x)$) are invariant with respect to the duality transformations $\hbar \alpha\rightarrow q-\alpha$ where $q=b^{-1}+b$. The steps leading to this result (via the Virasoro algebra and 3-point functions) are reviewed in the path-integral formalism. The duality stems from the fact that the quantum relationship between the $\alpha$ and the conformal weights $\Delta_\alpha$ is two-to-one. As a result the quantum Liouville potential may actually contain two exponentials (with related parameters). It is shown that in the two-exponential theory …


Gauge Transformations In General Relativity - A Report, L. C. Shepley, J. M. Pons, D. C. Salisbury Jan 2000

Gauge Transformations In General Relativity - A Report, L. C. Shepley, J. M. Pons, D. C. Salisbury

Turkish Journal of Physics

We take as our basic principle that the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian formulations of general relativity should be equivalent. It is then possible to choose the gauge transformations so as to be projectable under the Legendre map from configuration-velocity space (the tangent bundle) to phase space (the cotangent bundle). This projectability requirement then implies that gauge transformations in general relativity (we study in particular spacetimes with a Yang-Mills field) must depend in a specific way on the lapse and shift of the metric. This talk outlines the arguments and presents some of the results of the application of these principles.


Coherent States For The Hydrogen Atom, Nuri̇ Ünal Jan 2000

Coherent States For The Hydrogen Atom, Nuri̇ Ünal

Turkish Journal of Physics

We obtained the coherent states for the hydrogen atom by transforming the problem onto the four oscillators in the parametric time at the classical level and quantizing these oscillators. We showed that for the coherent states the mean values of the physical position of the electron satisfy the Keplerian ellipsis and the dispersions of them oscillate in the parametric time.


Parameterized Absolute Parallelism: A Geometry For Physical Applications, Mamdouh Ishaac Wanas Jan 2000

Parameterized Absolute Parallelism: A Geometry For Physical Applications, Mamdouh Ishaac Wanas

Turkish Journal of Physics

Absolute parallelism (AP) geometry is frequently used for physical applications. Although it is wider than the Riemannian geometry, it has two main defects. The first is that its path equation does not represent physical trajectories of any test particle. The second is the identical vanishing of its curvature tensor. The present work shows that parameterizing this geometry would solve the two problems. Furthermore, the resulting parameterized (AP)-structure is more general than both the conventional (AP)-structure and the Riemannian structure. Also, it is shown that it can be reduced to one or the other, of these two geometric structures, in some …


Skyrmions From Harmonic Maps, Wojtek Zakrzewski Jan 2000

Skyrmions From Harmonic Maps, Wojtek Zakrzewski

Turkish Journal of Physics

We describe some relations between solitonic solutions of various models in different dimensions. We present some examples and then concentrate on some of our recent work (performed in collaboration with Ioannidou and Piette) \cite{IPZ} \cite{us2} which shows how some harmonic maps from $S^2$ to $CP^{N-1}$ can be used to find nontrivial spherically symmetric static solutions of the $SU(N)$ Skyrme model in 3 dimensions and to generate some of its low energy field configurations.


Time Evolution Of Fast Particles During Decay Of Hadronic Systems, Mohamed Tarek Hussein, Nabila Mohamed Hassan, Nagla El-Harby Jan 2000

Time Evolution Of Fast Particles During Decay Of Hadronic Systems, Mohamed Tarek Hussein, Nabila Mohamed Hassan, Nagla El-Harby

Turkish Journal of Physics

A phenomenological model is presented based on the formation of a nuclear thermodynamic system during the collision of intermediate and high energy heavy ions. The formulation and the dynamic picture are determined by solving the Vlasov equation. The solution is dressed in the form of a power series the first term of which being the equilibrium distribution in phase space. The rest, are time dependent perturbation terms due to the multiple strong interactions inside the system. The temperature gradient and the derivatives of the phase function are calculated. The time dependence of the angular emission of the produced particles is …


The Radius Cutoff For Relativistic Clusters, M. Hafizi Jan 2000

The Radius Cutoff For Relativistic Clusters, M. Hafizi

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this work we consider an isothermic relativistic kinetic gas under relativistic conditions, as a model for high center density galaxies. We apply the radius cutoff of the Emden type, in order to remove infinities. Numerically we find some theoretical configurations with very high values of masses concentrated in small volumes. Profiles of some thermodynamic quantities such as density, presure, will be independent from the choice of radius cutoff, whereas temperature and gravitational potential depend essentially on the cutoff value.


Positron Annihilation And Xrd Studies On Deformed Al-Alloys With Low Concentration Of Mg, Emad A. Badawi, M. A. Abdel-Rahman, S. A. Mahmoud, A. A. Ramadan Jan 2000

Positron Annihilation And Xrd Studies On Deformed Al-Alloys With Low Concentration Of Mg, Emad A. Badawi, M. A. Abdel-Rahman, S. A. Mahmoud, A. A. Ramadan

Turkish Journal of Physics

Positron behaviour at grain boundaries is characterized by their bulk diffusibility D, their bulk free lifetime $\tau_f$ and their trapped lifetime $\tau_t$ ($\tau_t > \tau_f).$ Al-Mgx samples (x = 0-1.4 at \%) have been homogenized at 573 K for 12 hours. The mean lifetime, as (indirectly) measured at various concentrations, show a good fitting with Sigmodel giving $\tau_t$ = 180.664 ps and $\tau_{f}$ = 163.9 ps. The mean lifetime was found to vary exponentially with the degree of deformation. The XRD study showed that preferred orientation occurred at degrees of deformation $>$ 32 \%, whereas the peak intensity then increases …


Internal Photoemission Spectroscopy For A Ptsi/P-Si Schottky Junction, Bülent Aslan, Raşi̇t Turan Jan 2000

Internal Photoemission Spectroscopy For A Ptsi/P-Si Schottky Junction, Bülent Aslan, Raşi̇t Turan

Turkish Journal of Physics

Properties of internal photoemission in a PtSi-Si Schottky junction have been studied. The traditional Fowler plot of a detector's photoyield is found to be nonlinear for values close to the barrier height of the junction. It is shown that the model that takes all scattering mechanisms into account provides a successful description for the experimental results. It is also shown that the photoemission spectrum is independent of temperature in agreement with this model. The properties of detector's ambient influence the photoemission spectrum for wavelength of 3 $\mu$m or less. A strong loss in the detector's response is observed at around …


^{87}Rb Nmr Relaxation And Vortex Dynamics In Rb_3c_{60}, Fügen Tabak, Maurizio Corti̇ Jan 2000

^{87}Rb Nmr Relaxation And Vortex Dynamics In Rb_3c_{60}, Fügen Tabak, Maurizio Corti̇

Turkish Journal of Physics

^{87}Rb NMR relaxation measurements in superconducting fullerene Rb_{3}C_{60} for various values of the external field are reported. In the normal state the results are in agreement with T_{1}T= Constant. Below T_{c}, while no evidence of Hebel-Slichter peak is present in temperature dependence of T_{1}^{-1} , maxima are observed in \( T_{2}^{-1} at T=22K characteristic of vortex field fluctuation. T_{1} shows an anomalous field dependence not yet explained.


Topological Unitarity Identities In The Theory Of Scalar Charged Particles Interacting Through A Pure C-S Gauge Field, Müge Boz, V. Ya Fainberg Jan 2000

Topological Unitarity Identities In The Theory Of Scalar Charged Particles Interacting Through A Pure C-S Gauge Field, Müge Boz, V. Ya Fainberg

Turkish Journal of Physics

Starting from the theory of relativistic scalar charged particles interacting via C-S field, it is verified that the gauge invariant sum of the imaginary parts of all Feynman diagrams with C-S photon lines on the mass shell vanish.


Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Super Heated Ni_4 Cluster, M. Haluk Güven Jan 2000

Molecular Dynamics Simulations Of Super Heated Ni_4 Cluster, M. Haluk Güven

Turkish Journal of Physics

The fragmentation mechanism of the super heated Ni4 cluster is studied by employing the microcanonical molecular dynamics simulations and an empirical model potential. Ni$_{4}$ cluster is heated up above the bulk Ni evaporation point temperature and then classical trajectory analysis as well as RRK theory are used to calculate survival probability, evaporation rate, average kinetic energy release and dissociation energy.


Interaction Between Cesium Chloride Molecules And Metal Atoms Under Coadsorption On A Single Graphite Layer On Iridium, N. M. Nasrullaev Jan 2000

Interaction Between Cesium Chloride Molecules And Metal Atoms Under Coadsorption On A Single Graphite Layer On Iridium, N. M. Nasrullaev

Turkish Journal of Physics

Using the method of continuos flow to investigate the kinetics of reaction between atoms and molecules, the efficiency of substitution reactions (K, Na, Li)+ CsCl is shown to decrease. The efficiency is found to strongly depend on temperature tending to saturation with decreasing temperature. This fact is in accordance with Bonzel's concept.


Characterization Of Phenanthrene Single Crystals, M. Tariq Bhatti, Anwar Manzoor Rana, Mazhar Ali, Gul N. Shahid, M. Saleh Jan 2000

Characterization Of Phenanthrene Single Crystals, M. Tariq Bhatti, Anwar Manzoor Rana, Mazhar Ali, Gul N. Shahid, M. Saleh

Turkish Journal of Physics

Single crystals of phenanthrene were successfully grown from melt using Bridgeman Crystal Growth System Type 365. The starting material was purified by sublimation and zone refining techniques in specially designed crystal growth tubes. Phenanthrene single crystals grow with the plane of maximum growth corresponding to the ab-crystallographic plane, and cleave readily in this plane. The optical absorption spectra of phenanthrene single crystals and phenanthrene crystals dissolved in benzene, alcohol and acetone solutions were studied in the wavelength range (200 - 400 nm). The optical excitations i.e., \( \pi - \pi^{*} \) transitions, are attributed to the weak and strong optical …


K-Vacancy Production In The Collision Of Highly Charged Relativistic Ions With Heavy Atoms, P. K. Khabibullaev, V. I. Matveev, D. U. Matrasulov Jan 2000

K-Vacancy Production In The Collision Of Highly Charged Relativistic Ions With Heavy Atoms, P. K. Khabibullaev, V. I. Matveev, D. U. Matrasulov

Turkish Journal of Physics

A general expression for the cross section of the inelastic collision of relativistic highly charged ion with heavy (relativistic) atoms is obtained using the generalized eikonal approximation. In the ultrarelativistic limit, the obtained formula coincides with a known exact one. As an application of the obtained result, probability and cross section of the K-vacany production in the $U^{92+} - U^{91+}$ collision are calculated.


Crystallographic Analysis Of Martensitic Transformation In Cusn Alloy, Ekrem Artunç, Seyfetti̇n Çakmak, Seval Çakmak Jan 2000

Crystallographic Analysis Of Martensitic Transformation In Cusn Alloy, Ekrem Artunç, Seyfetti̇n Çakmak, Seval Çakmak

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this study, the Kajiwara model has been applied to Cu-14.8at.\%Sn alloy with good agreement with experimental results. For this alloy, the austenite phase has a body centered cubic (bcc) lattice and the martensite phase has a monoclinic 9R superlattice. Using the lattice parameters of both phases, the calculated habit plane indices, magnitude of the lattice invariant shear and orientation relationships, have been compared with the observed results for this alloy.


Linac-Ring Type \Phi Factory Of Basic And Applied Research, A. Kenan Çi̇ftçi̇, Osman Gürkan, Turan Olgar, Erdal Recepoğlu, Saleh Sultansoy, Ömer Yavaş, Meti̇n Yilmaz Jan 2000

Linac-Ring Type \Phi Factory Of Basic And Applied Research, A. Kenan Çi̇ftçi̇, Osman Gürkan, Turan Olgar, Erdal Recepoğlu, Saleh Sultansoy, Ömer Yavaş, Meti̇n Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this paper, main parameters for linac-ring type collider designed for producing $\phi $ particles copiously are estimated and the potential of this machine in particle physics research is investigated. Moreover, parameters for free electron laser and synchrotron radiation obtained from electron linac and positron ring, respectively, are determined and applications of these radiations are summarized.


A Product Operator Formalism Of 3d J-Resolved Nmr Spectroscopy For Is_Nk_M(I = 1/2, S = 1/2, K = 1/2) Spin System, Özden Tezel, Azmi̇ Gençten Jan 2000

A Product Operator Formalism Of 3d J-Resolved Nmr Spectroscopy For Is_Nk_M(I = 1/2, S = 1/2, K = 1/2) Spin System, Özden Tezel, Azmi̇ Gençten

Turkish Journal of Physics

Product operator formalism is widely used for analytical description of multiple-pulse NMR experiments for weakly coupled spin systems. 3D J-resolved NMR spectroscopy is widely used in order to resolve the chemical shift along one axis and spin-spin coupling parameters along the two other axis. In this study, product operator theory is used for analytical description of heteronuclear 3D J-resolved NMR spectroscopy for the \( IS_nK_m (I=1/2, S=1/2, K=1/2; n=1,2, m=1,2,3) \) spin system.


Photochemical Processes And Accumulation Of Solar Energy In Oil Luminophors, A. P. Mamedov, M. I. Rustamov, R. A. Dzhafarova, Ch. K. Salmanova Jan 2000

Photochemical Processes And Accumulation Of Solar Energy In Oil Luminophors, A. P. Mamedov, M. I. Rustamov, R. A. Dzhafarova, Ch. K. Salmanova

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Using the methods of absorption spectroscopy, luminescence and EPR there has been studied the mechanism of solar energy accumulation by high boiling products of oil refining and by luminophors prepared on their basis within wide temperature range (77-550 K). The photochemical processes with participation of all main components of oil products and luminophors have been considered. The mechanisms of accumulation of solar energy of the studied products and luminophors have been considered. The mechanism of accumulation of solar energy of the studied products prior and above their pour points have been found to differ significantly. The light energy accumulation and …


Auxiliary Controlled Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Of Chiral Azomethine Ylides, Özdemi̇r Doğan, Philip P. Garner Jan 2000

Auxiliary Controlled Intramolecular 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions Of Chiral Azomethine Ylides, Özdemi̇r Doğan, Philip P. Garner

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of chiral azomethine ylides obtained by thermal ring opening of chiral aziridines 7a, b and 8a, b are investigated. Synthesis of these aziridines 7a, b and 8a, b is described.


Effect Of Non-Ionic Reagent Adsorption On Zeta Potential Of Fine Coal Particles, Zeki̇ Aktaş Jan 2000

Effect Of Non-Ionic Reagent Adsorption On Zeta Potential Of Fine Coal Particles, Zeki̇ Aktaş

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The -5 \mum size fractions of two low rank British coals were used in zeta potential measurements. The electrophoretic behaviour was described by the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. The non-ionic reagents used for the adsorption tests were of diacetone alcohol and 2-ethyl hexanol. Zeta potentials of both coals at various pHs were significantly different in the absence of the non-ionic reagents. Negligible variations were observed on the zeta potential curves of both coal particles in the presence of the non-ionic reagents used. It was concluded that the pH of coal particles in slurry is a principle parameter controlling the value of zeta …


An Efficient Synthesis Of (1 S , 2 R )-1-Amino-2-Indanol, A Key Intermediate Of Hiv Protease Inhibitor, Indinavir, Ayhan S. Demi̇r, Hi̇lal Aksoy-Cam, Nuretti̇n Camketen, Haluk Hamamci, Fatoş Doğanel Jan 2000

An Efficient Synthesis Of (1 S , 2 R )-1-Amino-2-Indanol, A Key Intermediate Of Hiv Protease Inhibitor, Indinavir, Ayhan S. Demi̇r, Hi̇lal Aksoy-Cam, Nuretti̇n Camketen, Haluk Hamamci, Fatoş Doğanel

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

(1S,2R)-1-amino-2-indanol, a key component of an HIV protease inhibitor is synthesized in four steps starting from indanone. The Mn(OAC)_3 mediated acetoxylation of indanone followed by fungus catalyzed hydrolysis of acetoxyindanone furnished optically pure \alpha-hydroxy indanone. Formation and enantioselective reduction of oxime ether of 2-hydroxyindanone afforded (1S, 2R)-1-amino-2-indanol in 97% {\it cis} selectivity.


Preparation Of Optically Active Amino Acid Derivatives Of Some Methylated 5-Amino-Azaheterocycles, Mashooda Hasan, Farzana Shaheen, Uzma Yunus, Shazia Munir Jan 2000

Preparation Of Optically Active Amino Acid Derivatives Of Some Methylated 5-Amino-Azaheterocycles, Mashooda Hasan, Farzana Shaheen, Uzma Yunus, Shazia Munir

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The present paper describes the reduction of 1-methyl-5-nitro-benzimidazoles ({\bf 1A, 2A}) and 1,3-dimethyl-2H-5-nitro-benzimidazol-2-one ({\bf 3}) to 5-aminobenzimidazoles ({\bf 4A, 5A}) and 1,3-dimethyl-2H-5-amino-benzimidazol-2-one ({\bf 6}) respectively with hydrazine hydrate in absolute ethanol in the presence of graphite. Compounds {\bf 5A} and {\bf 6} were converted to 2-ethyl-5-(phthaloyl-L-phenylalanyl)amino-1-methylbenzimidazole ({\bf 7}) and 1,3-dimethyl-5-(phthaloyl-L-phenylalanyl)aminobenzimidazol-2-one ({\bf 8}). Characterization of the synthesized compounds was done with the help of mass spectrometry and ^1H NMR spectroscopic studies. Optical activity of the amino acid derivatives {\bf 7} and {\bf 8} was also recorded.


Flavonol Glycosides From Consolida Armeniaca, Mustafa Küçüki̇slamoğlu, Nuretti̇n Yayli, Hasan Basri̇ Şentürk, Hasan Genç, Seçki̇n Özden Jan 2000

Flavonol Glycosides From Consolida Armeniaca, Mustafa Küçüki̇slamoğlu, Nuretti̇n Yayli, Hasan Basri̇ Şentürk, Hasan Genç, Seçki̇n Özden

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Three known flavonol glycosides, i.e., kaempferol 3,7-O-\( \alpha \)-L-dirhamnopyranoside ({\bfseries 1}), kaempferol 3-O-\( \beta \)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\( \ra \)2)-\( \alpha$-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-\( \alpha \)-L-rhamnopyranoside ({\bfseries 2}) and kaempferol 3-O-\( \alpha \)-L-rhamnopyranoside-7-O-\( \beta \)-D-glucopyranosyl-(1\( \ra \)2)-\( \alpha \)-L-rhamnopyranoside ({\bfseries 3}), were isolated for the first time from the flowers of {\itshape Consolida armeniaca}, and the structures of flavonol glycosides were deduced by high field 1D and 2D NMR and FAB-MS spectroscopies. The acetyl derivatives of {\bfseries 1-3} were also prepared ({\bfseries 1a, 2a, 3a}) and identified by NMR and positive FAB mass spectra.


Kinetics And Thermodynamics Of Oil Extraction From Sun Ower Seeds In The Presence Of Aqueous Acidic, Hüseyi̇n Topallar, Ümi̇t Geçgel Jan 2000

Kinetics And Thermodynamics Of Oil Extraction From Sun Ower Seeds In The Presence Of Aqueous Acidic, Hüseyi̇n Topallar, Ümi̇t Geçgel

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Oil extraction was performed in aqueous HCl, H_2SO_4 and H_3PO_4 solutions with n-hexane (C_6H_{14}) at 30, 40, 50 and 60 ^oC using 10 gr of sunflower seeds over 1 h with 10-min. sampling intervals. The optimum acid concentration was wt. 10% for each acid, and the highest oil yield was obtained in the extraction procedure with n-hexane containing H_2SO_4. The extraction process was observed with regard to the percent oil yield versus time, and the reaction order was found to be first-order kinetics by the differential method. The activation energy for the oil extraction kinetics of sunflower seeds with 10% …


The Rate Of Grafting And Some Kinetic Parameters Of The Graft Copolymerization Of Methacrylic Acid On Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Fibers With Azobisisobutyronitrile, Meltem Çeli̇k, Mehmet Saçak Jan 2000

The Rate Of Grafting And Some Kinetic Parameters Of The Graft Copolymerization Of Methacrylic Acid On Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate) Fibers With Azobisisobutyronitrile, Meltem Çeli̇k, Mehmet Saçak

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study the rate of grafting and some kinetic parameters of the graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid on poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers with azobisisobutyronitrile was investigated. The rate of grafting was found to be proportional to the 0.94 and 1.22 powers of initiator and monomer concentrations, respectively. By carrying out the graft copolymerization reaction at four different temperatures ranging from 70 ^oC to 90 ^oC, the overall rate activation energy of the reaction was found to be 130.4 kJ/mol. The overall rate constants were also calculated.


Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination Of Nickel After Its Flotation Enrichment By Iron(Iii) Hexamethylenedithiocarbamate, Trajce Stafilov, Gorica Pavlovska, Katarina Cundeva Jan 2000

Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Determination Of Nickel After Its Flotation Enrichment By Iron(Iii) Hexamethylenedithiocarbamate, Trajce Stafilov, Gorica Pavlovska, Katarina Cundeva

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Abstract. Nanogram quantities of nickel were removed from 1 L samples of dilute aqueous solutions by coflotation. A mixture of hydrated iron(III) oxide (Fe_2O_3\( \cdot \)xH_2O) and iron(III) hexamethylene-dithiocarbamate (Fe(HMDTC)_3) served as collectors. After flotation separation from the mother liquor, the solid sublate containing nickel traces was dissolved and the analyte was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). All important parameters necessary for the successful collection of nickel were checked. The results of nickel ETAAS analysis in tap and spring waters were compared with inductively coupled plasma-atomic emis-sion spectrometric measurements (ICP-AES). The limit detection of nickel by the ETAAS …