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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Effect Of Ionizing Radiation On The Silicon Impatt Diode Characteristics, M. B. Tagaev Jan 1999

Effect Of Ionizing Radiation On The Silicon Impatt Diode Characteristics, M. B. Tagaev

Turkish Journal of Physics

We investigated the effect of ^{60}Co \gamma-irradiation (doses from 10^2 to 2 \times 10^6 Gy), both without and with heat annealing, on silicon IMPATT diode parameters. It is shown that such treatments improve the diode characteristics (particularly decrease the reverse current and increase both the output and the diffusion length of the minority charge carriers) due to radiation-enhanced processes.


Cyclic Nature Of The Orbital Period Variations Of Some Algol-Type Binaries, Seli̇m O. Selam, Osman Demi̇rcan Jan 1999

Cyclic Nature Of The Orbital Period Variations Of Some Algol-Type Binaries, Seli̇m O. Selam, Osman Demi̇rcan

Turkish Journal of Physics

The long-term period variations of the classical algol-type binaries XZ And, U Cep, \beta Per, RT Per, ST Per and TX UMa were studied by using all available observed times of eclipse minima. The (O-C) diagrams formed by the times of eclipse minima were found to be representable by one or more cyclic variations superimposed on a secular parabolic variation. The secular variations in the orbital periods should be caused by the mass transfer between the component stars and the mass loss from the systems. For our sample of Algol systems, none of the cyclic variations were found caused by …


Band-Gap Renormalization In Quantum Wires, K. Güven, C. R. Bennett, B. Tanatar Jan 1999

Band-Gap Renormalization In Quantum Wires, K. Güven, C. R. Bennett, B. Tanatar

Turkish Journal of Physics

Improved techniques in semiconductor fabrication increased the interest in quantum wire structures, because of their opto-electronic device application possibilities. Many-body interactions among the electrons and holes in the wire lead to the band-gap renormalization (BGR), which in turn affect the optical properties of the system. We study the BGR within the random-phase approximation incorporating the dynamical effects, and investigate the density dependence.


Carrier Transport And Band Offsets In Two Dimensional Heterostructures, Hi̇lmi̇ Ünlü Jan 1999

Carrier Transport And Band Offsets In Two Dimensional Heterostructures, Hi̇lmi̇ Ünlü

Turkish Journal of Physics

Advances in the low dimensional heterojunction device technology cannot be complete without adequate and reliable analytic model for determining interface properties such as band offsets needed to study the carrier transport and to evaluate the device performance at high temperatures and pressures. In this article, using the extended universal tight binding model of semiconductors, a new way of determining the band offsets in heterostructures is presented. In this model the band offsets are first determined by aligning the vacuum level, defined relative to valence band maximum which is screened by optical dielectric constant of semiconductors, at the interface at absolute …


Multitime Generalization Of Maxwell Electrodynamics And Gravity, Vladilen Barashenkov Jan 1999

Multitime Generalization Of Maxwell Electrodynamics And Gravity, Vladilen Barashenkov

Turkish Journal of Physics

System of equations of motion for interacting electromagnetic field and charged bodies is derived by means of an action principle in six-dimensional space with a three-dimensional time vector. The influence of the additional (hidden) components of time on the body motion is considered. Macroscopic experiments and astrophysical observations which can reveal the time multi-dimensionality are discussed. At present there are no facts which would be in contradiction with the hypothesis of the multi-dimensionality of time.


New Aspects Of Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation, Georgy Afanasiev, Vladimir Kartavenko Jan 1999

New Aspects Of Vavilov-Cherenkov Radiation, Georgy Afanasiev, Vladimir Kartavenko

Turkish Journal of Physics

The effects arising from accelerated and decelerated motion of charged point particles inside a medium are studied. It is shown explicitly that, in addition to the bremsstrahlung and Cherenkov shock wave, the electromagnetic shock wave arising from the charge velocity exceeding the medium light velocity should be observed. This shock wave has the same singularity as the Cherenkov one and therefore, it is more singular than the bremsstrahlung shock wave. The space-time regions where these shock waves exist and conditionsunder which they appear are determined.


Projectile Fragmentation In Emulsion At (4.1-4.5) A Gev/C, A. El-Naghy, S. A. H. Abou-Steit, M. Mohery Jan 1999

Projectile Fragmentation In Emulsion At (4.1-4.5) A Gev/C, A. El-Naghy, S. A. H. Abou-Steit, M. Mohery

Turkish Journal of Physics

The fragmentation process has been investigated for 4.5A GeV/c^{28}Si nuclei in emulsion and compared with the results of 4.5A GeV/c^{24}Mg and 4.1A GeV/c^{22}Ne in order to test the validity of the different theoretical models. It has been found that a single parameter distribution is insufficient to explain exactly the fragmentation process. Correlation studies have shown to be necessary for distinguishing between the different theoretical models for the fragmentation. The impact parameter, which defines the nature of the collision, has been found to influence considerably the shape of the charge yield distribution. The angular distributions of the projectile fragments can be …


Assessment Of The Degree Of Mix Of Powder Mixtures, Orhan Vai̇zoğlu Jan 1999

Assessment Of The Degree Of Mix Of Powder Mixtures, Orhan Vai̇zoğlu

Turkish Journal of Physics

The older methods for the determination of the degree of a random mix was solely based on the calculation of a simple standard deviation. Physical characteristics like, density, average particle weight and size of each component was not considered. Therefore, the evaluation, when the state of a random mix is reached, was somewhat superficial. Poole, Taylor, and Wall [1] have derived equations, where the physical characteristics of the components were taken into consideration. By this means, it is possible to calculate, in advance, the theoretical coefficient of variation and the corresponding confidence limits. One can then experimentally follow under which …


Spectral Broadening Functions, Slavek Rucinski Jan 1999

Spectral Broadening Functions, Slavek Rucinski

Turkish Journal of Physics

Many astrophysical phenomena involving velocity fields produce broadening of spectral lines. Frequently, the cross-correlation function (CCF) is used to extract information about this broadening from segments of high resolution spectra. CCF has become the standard tool for handing extraction of radial-velocity and broadening information from high resolution spectra as it permits integration of information which is common to many spectral lines into one function which is easy to calculate, visualize and interpret. However, it can be argued that this is not the best tool for applications such as determinations of metallicities ([Fe/H]), for finding locations of star spots on active …


Short-Period Rs Cvn And W Uma Binaries: How Are They Related?, Frans Van't Veer Jan 1999

Short-Period Rs Cvn And W Uma Binaries: How Are They Related?, Frans Van't Veer

Turkish Journal of Physics

Two groups of late-type very close main sequence binaries, the so-called short-period RS Canum Venaticorum (RS CVn) and W Ursae Majoris (W UMa) systems, are important for the understanding of the structure and evolutionary consequencies of angular momentum loss (AML) resulting from magnetic stellar winds of fast rotating solar type stars. The components of RS CVn stars are close to their Roche lobes, but still detached, whereas W UMa binaries are contact systems; both are rotating fast. One of the crucial problems is trying to answer the question if there is a dynamical relation between the two types of binaries …


Orbital Period Modulation In Chromospherically Active Close Binaries, Cafer İbanoğlu Jan 1999

Orbital Period Modulation In Chromospherically Active Close Binaries, Cafer İbanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Physics

The orbital period changes in some chromospherically active close binaries have been interpreted as a consequence of magnetic activity. At least in two active close binaries a possible relationship between the orbital period modulation and activity cycle was suggested. The existence of a third companion in these binaries has also been proposed. The light-time effect which arises from orbiting around a third-body has been subtracted from all the O-C values and a cyclic change of the orbital period has been obtained. These cyclic changes seem to be connected with the total brightness variations at least in two samples, namely, V471 …


Photon Counting In Astrophotometry. Fundamentals And Some Advices For Beginners, Romualdas Kalytis Jan 1999

Photon Counting In Astrophotometry. Fundamentals And Some Advices For Beginners, Romualdas Kalytis

Turkish Journal of Physics

The beginners in astrophotometry are reminded of fundamentals of photon counting. Several advices for new users of electrophotometric technics are given.


The Light And Colour Variations Of Mm Her, Günay Taş Jan 1999

The Light And Colour Variations Of Mm Her, Günay Taş

Turkish Journal of Physics

RS CVn type eclipsing binary MM Herculis have been observed using B, V, R filters in 1997 and obtained light and colour curves were examined together with the earlier 12 light and colour curves obtained between 1976 and 1997. It was seen that the system is bluer, while it is fainter. Such finding probably reveals the evolutionary effect of the photospheric bright facular structures surrounding starspots.


Magnetic Activity In The Extreme Ultraviolet, Mihalis Mathioudakis Jan 1999

Magnetic Activity In The Extreme Ultraviolet, Mihalis Mathioudakis

Turkish Journal of Physics

The wealth of astronomical observations obtained in the extreme ultraviolet in recent years, have allowed comprehensive studies of the stellar transition regions and coronae to be carried out. For the first time we have been able to resolve individual coronal lines of various elements formed over a large temperature range (10^{5} - 10^{7.2} K). The temperature, densities, abundances and magnetic field strengths of the stellar coronae can now be determined. Here we review some of the observations in the field of cool stars and discuss the implications on atmospheric heating requirements.


Solar Flares, E. Rennan Pekünlü Jan 1999

Solar Flares, E. Rennan Pekünlü

Turkish Journal of Physics

In this paper, the dynamics, the magnetohydrodynamics and the energetics of flaring magnetic loops are reviwed. It is also emphasized that the presented model is in no way a unique one. The most commonly occurring type is labelled as B type flares. This paper reviews the general features of a B type flare.


Kinematics Of Rs Cvn And W Uma Binaries In The Hipparcos Catalogue, Zeki̇ Aslan, Tuncay Özdemi̇r, Cahi̇t Yeşi̇lyaprak, Ahmet İskender Jan 1999

Kinematics Of Rs Cvn And W Uma Binaries In The Hipparcos Catalogue, Zeki̇ Aslan, Tuncay Özdemi̇r, Cahi̇t Yeşi̇lyaprak, Ahmet İskender

Turkish Journal of Physics

Space motions of RS CVn and W UMa binaries have been calculated using parallaxes and proper motions from Hipparcos catalogue and radial velocities from the literature. We have calculating the mean motions and velocity dispersions. We have excluded those binaries with relative parallax errors \geq 0.5. The comparison of the asymmetric drift, velocity ellipsoids and vertex deviation with those of main sequence stars given by Dehnen and Binney indicates that both RS CVn and W UMa binaries have kinematics similar to main sequence stars slightly bluer than the Parenago's discontinuity and B-V \simeq 0.62. Implication of this has been discussed.


Electroweak Symmetry Breaking In Low-Scale Quantum Gravity, M. Boz, A. Demi̇r, Namik Kemal Pak Jan 1999

Electroweak Symmetry Breaking In Low-Scale Quantum Gravity, M. Boz, A. Demi̇r, Namik Kemal Pak

Turkish Journal of Physics

We discuss the implications of low-scale quantum gravity on electroweak symmetry breaking by computing one-loop gravitational corrections to the Higgs potential. We conclude that these radiative corrections are quite large after summing over the graviton and dilaton Kaluza-Klein towers, and there is no possibility of electroweak symmetry breaking unless one allows for the complex vacuum expectation value for the Higgs field.


Stellar Observations Made At The Malatya Danjon Astrolabe Station, Orhan Gölbaşi, Hüseyi̇n Kiliç, Fernand Chollet Jan 1999

Stellar Observations Made At The Malatya Danjon Astrolabe Station, Orhan Gölbaşi, Hüseyi̇n Kiliç, Fernand Chollet

Turkish Journal of Physics

We give here the first results of astrometric stellar observations made at the Malatya Station with the modified astrolabe of Paris observatory. This campaign is conducted as part of a cooperation between Inönü University and the Paris Observatory. The astrolabe, which is strictly similar to that of Santiago de Chile, can use two reflecting prisms instead of the trnsparent prism of the Danjon Astrolabe. Consequently, it is possible to observe at the two zenith distances of 30° and 60°. The time is supplied by a GPS receiver which gives UTC with the necessary precision. As the station is a new …


A Magnetization And Gmr Study On Multilayered Fe/Ag/Co Thin Film, Cengi̇z Bi̇rli̇kseven, Alpan Bek, Hüseyi̇n Zafer Durusoy Jan 1999

A Magnetization And Gmr Study On Multilayered Fe/Ag/Co Thin Film, Cengi̇z Bi̇rli̇kseven, Alpan Bek, Hüseyi̇n Zafer Durusoy

Turkish Journal of Physics

Single layer Fe(20Å) and Co(20Å) and multilayered Ag(20Å)/[Fe(20Å)/Ag(40Å)/Co(20Å)/Ag (40Å)] x 3/Ag(20Å) films were prepared in UHV by magnetron sputtering technique onto the silicon substates. Films were determined to have polycrystalline nature through SEM examination. Magnetization measurements were made on single and multilayer films. Due to the polycrystalline structure of the films, rounded magnetization curves were obtained. The GMR effect showed a rounded behaviour which also is an indication of the polycrystallinity of the films. The GMR effect, measured in Fe/Ag/Co multilayer structure, was analyzed with the help of magnetization behaviour of the multilayer structure and magnetization behaviour of the single …


Magnetisation In Two-Dimensions, Bengü Kaplan Jan 1999

Magnetisation In Two-Dimensions, Bengü Kaplan

Turkish Journal of Physics

We discuss the magnetisation deviation in two-dimensions (2d) for an iron film for which the anisotropy is much smaller and hence the magnetisation is a stronger function of temperature. The magnetisation deviation can be adequately described by an RPA (random phase approximation) approach. Our results fit the experimental data at high fields and hence can be used to estimate the value of the effective exchange interaction (J_{2d}) for monolayer (ML) films.


Implications Of \Delta\Rho And Charm Ii Data For Z' Physics, Durmuş Ali̇ Demi̇r Jan 1999

Implications Of \Delta\Rho And Charm Ii Data For Z' Physics, Durmuş Ali̇ Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Physics

We discuss the constraints on the Z^{\prime} model parameters coming from Z-pole and low-energy \nu_{\mu}-e scattering data in the frame work of GUT-motivated models. We find that when the coupling constant of the extra U(1) is small (large) the parameter space is mainly determined by the Z-pole (the low-energy \nu_{\mu}-e scattering) data.


A New Formalism For Nonextensive Physical Systems: Tsallis Thermostatistics, Uğur Tirnakli, Fevzi Büyükkiliç, Doğan Demi̇rhan Jan 1999

A New Formalism For Nonextensive Physical Systems: Tsallis Thermostatistics, Uğur Tirnakli, Fevzi Büyükkiliç, Doğan Demi̇rhan

Turkish Journal of Physics

Although Boltzmann-Gibbs (BG) statistics provides a suitable tool which enables us to handle a large number of physical systems satisfactorily, it has some basic restrictions : (i) the range of the microscopic interactions must be small compared to the linear size of the macroscopic systems (short-range interactions) , (ii) the time range of the microscopic memory must be small compared to the observation time (Marcovian processes) and (iii) the system must evolve in an Euclidean-like space-time. In the case of a breakdown in one and/or the others of these restrictions, BG statistics fails. More precisely, the situation could be classified …


Neural Classifiers For Learning Higher-Order Correlations, Marifi Güler Jan 1999

Neural Classifiers For Learning Higher-Order Correlations, Marifi Güler

Turkish Journal of Physics

Studies by various authors suggest that higher-order networks can be more powerful and are biologically more plausible with respect to the more traditional multilayer networks. These architectures make explicit use of nonlinear interactions between input variables in the form of higher-order units or product units. If it is known a priori that the problem to be implemented possesses a given set of invariances like in the translation, rotation, and scale invariant pattern recognition problems, those invariances can be encoded, thus eliminating all higher-order terms which are incompatible with the invariances. In general, however, it is a serious set-back that the …


Ordering Due To Disorder In Frustrated Quantum Magnetic Systems, Taner Yildirim Jan 1999

Ordering Due To Disorder In Frustrated Quantum Magnetic Systems, Taner Yildirim

Turkish Journal of Physics

The phenomenon of order by disorder in frustrated magnetic systems is reviewed. Disorder (thermal or quantum fluctuations) may sometimes give rise to long range ordering in systems with frustration, where one must often consider the selection among classically degenerate ground states which are not equivalent by any symmetry. The lowest order effects of quantum fluctuations in such frustrated systems usually resolves the continues degeneracy of the ground state manifold into discrete Ising--type degeneracy. A unique ground state selection out of this Ising degenerate manifold then occurs due to higher order effects of quantum fluctuations. For systems such as face-centered cubic …


The Renormalization-Group Microscope: The Local Statistical Mechanics Of Heterogeneous Systems, Dicle Yeşi̇lleten, A. Nihat Berker Jan 1999

The Renormalization-Group Microscope: The Local Statistical Mechanics Of Heterogeneous Systems, Dicle Yeşi̇lleten, A. Nihat Berker

Turkish Journal of Physics

Renormalization-group theory is developed to yield all local microscopic thermodynamic densities in heterogeneous systems. Local energy densities and local magnetizations are thus obtained for random-bond systems, random-field systems, and spin-glasses, in two and three dimensions. Different order-disorder mechanisms in these diverse systems, such as chaotic ordering and domain-wall melting, become quantitatively evident.


Experimental Determination Of \Beta And \Gamma Critical Exponents In The Sol-Gel Phase Transition By Using Steady-State Fluorescence Technique, Y. Yilmaz, Ö. Pekcan Jan 1999

Experimental Determination Of \Beta And \Gamma Critical Exponents In The Sol-Gel Phase Transition By Using Steady-State Fluorescence Technique, Y. Yilmaz, Ö. Pekcan

Turkish Journal of Physics

The gelation of methyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was studied using the steady-state fluorescence technique. Samples with various crosslinker densities were prepared and sol-gel phase transitions were observed at various temperatures. Percolation theory was employed to interpret the results. For all samples the gel fraction and the average cluster size exponents, \beta and \gamma, were measured and found to be around 0.42 and 1.7 respectively. These values show excellent agreement with theoretical and simulation results.


Studies On Extremal Segments In Random Sequences, Deniz Ertaş, Yacov Kantor Jan 1999

Studies On Extremal Segments In Random Sequences, Deniz Ertaş, Yacov Kantor

Turkish Journal of Physics

We review our main findings on the size distribution of the largest neutral segments in a sequence of N randomly charged monomers. Upon mapping to one--dimensional random walks (RWs), this corresponds to finding the probability distribution for the size L of the largest segment that returns to its starting position in an N--step RW. Using analytical, exact enumeration, and Monte Carlo methods, we reveal the complex structure of the probability distribution in the large N limit. In particular, the size of the longest neutral segment has a distribution with a square-root singularity at \ell\equiv L/N = 1, an essential singularity …


Diverging Strains Near Threshold: Breakdown Of The Elastic Description Of A Charge Density Wave Model, Muhittin Mungan, Susan N. Coppersmith, Valeri M. Vinokur Jan 1999

Diverging Strains Near Threshold: Breakdown Of The Elastic Description Of A Charge Density Wave Model, Muhittin Mungan, Susan N. Coppersmith, Valeri M. Vinokur

Turkish Journal of Physics

We analyze the strains near threshold in 1-d charge density wave models at zero temperature and strong pinning. We show that in these models local strains diverge near the depinning threshold and characterize the scaling behavior of the phenomenon. This helps quantify when the underlying elastic description breaks down and plastic effects have to be included.


Magnetic Excitations In Random Anisotropic Magnets, İbrahim Avgin Jan 1999

Magnetic Excitations In Random Anisotropic Magnets, İbrahim Avgin

Turkish Journal of Physics

A study is made for the magnetic excitations and their Anderson localization properties for a Heisenberg ferromagnet with random anisotropic fields. The system is assumed to be in a strong applied field so that complete spin alignment is established. The magnetic excitations, i.e., the harmonic spin waves, are computed using coherent-field-anisotropy approximation (a version of coherent potential approximation of the electronic problem). The spin wave shift and damping are calculated using the computed coherent field which is a complex function of energy approximating the random medium as a mean field level. The localizaton of the excitations are calculated by adopting …


The Structure Of Liquid Alkali Metals Calculated By The Thermodynamic Perturbation Theory, H. Bi̇rtan Kavanoz, İdri̇s Gümüş Jan 1999

The Structure Of Liquid Alkali Metals Calculated By The Thermodynamic Perturbation Theory, H. Bi̇rtan Kavanoz, İdri̇s Gümüş

Turkish Journal of Physics

The structure of a hard sphere fluid has been calculated numerically via the Percus-Yevick (PY) and hypernetted-chain (HNC) closure relations and used as a reference system to calculate the structure of liquid alkali metals under the optimized random-phase approximation (ORPA) using the effective ion-ion pair potential formed by the Heine-Abarenkov (HA), and the empty-core (EC) pseudopotentials. The results are compared with experimental results. The calculations made by the reference system under the HNC closure relation are in better agreement with experimental results than those found under the PY closure relation.