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Articles 2041 - 2070 of 2433

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Double Tuned Cosine Coil For Nmr Imaging/Microscopy, Roger M. Hawk, Rao P. Gullapalli, Dikoma P. Shungu Jan 1991

Double Tuned Cosine Coil For Nmr Imaging/Microscopy, Roger M. Hawk, Rao P. Gullapalli, Dikoma P. Shungu

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The fabrication of a cosine coil having unevenly distributed struts is detailed. Placing the struts in such a manner enables a standing wave at the desired frequency and, hence, only one resonance frequency is obtained. This study details the fabrication of a cosine coil tuned to the LJ-7 frequency (77.76 MHz) and then double-tuned to the H-1 frequency (200.1 MHz) when operated at 4.7 Tesla. Double-tuning is attained by placing an LC trap in series with a capacitor used to single-tune the coil. Also, a method is suggested by which a cosine coil can be broadbanded in the lower frequency …

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Using Viruses To Examine Soil Treatment Of Septic Tank Effluent, Mark A. Gross, Jenna Hestir, Duane C. Wolf, E. Moye Rutledge Jan 1991

Using Viruses To Examine Soil Treatment Of Septic Tank Effluent, Mark A. Gross, Jenna Hestir, Duane C. Wolf, E. Moye Rutledge

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Viral contamination of drinking water supplies due to inadequate renovation of septic tank effluent (STE) is a public health concern. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the use of a bacteriophage to evaluate virus movement in a soil treatment system. Viruses - MS2 bacteriophage - were injected into a wastewater treatment system with soil absorption trenches and drainage tiles, and the drain tile effluent was collected and assayed for the phage. The virus suspension was assayed and a measured amount of STE and virus suspension was pumped into the system allowing for calculation of the influent virus titer. …

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K-Shell Ionization Measurements For Light Incident Icons, Rahul Mehta, George Bissinger Jan 1991

K-Shell Ionization Measurements For Light Incident Icons, Rahul Mehta, George Bissinger

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The ionization of the K-shell in targets of copper, silver, dysprosium and gold was investigated with incident ion beams of proton and helium ions in the range 0.5 MeV/u to 3 MeV/u. The x-rays were detected by a HpGe detector. K-shell x-ray production cross section were determined by normalization of the x-ray yield to the incident beam flux, the Rutherford-scattered ions and the nuclear-Coulomb excited gamma ray yield. The multiple normalization procedures minimize the errors in these cross section measurements. The data are compared with the predictions of the ECPSSR theory for K-shell ionization. The atomic number dependence of these …

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Groundwater Hydrology Of A Population Of Lindera Melissifolia In Arkansas, J. Dainette Priest, Robert D. Wright Jan 1991

Groundwater Hydrology Of A Population Of Lindera Melissifolia In Arkansas, J. Dainette Priest, Robert D. Wright

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Groundwater hydrology was monitored from October through August in and around a bottomland forest pond containing Lindera melissifolia, pondberry. The study site exhibited a series of low ancient dunes and depressions, with seasonal ponds in the depressions. Ponds showed no surface inlets or outlets. Shallow wells were made and soil cores removed along a transect from the top of one dune across the pond to a lower dune. Piezometers were installed in the wells and groundwater levels monitored. Soil core samples were analyzed to determine particle size distribution at soil profile positions selected during field analysis. It was shown that …

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Preparation Of A Series Of N-Phenylamides Of 5-Bromo-6-Chloronicontinic Acid And 5-Bromo-2-Chloronicontinic Acid, Frank L. Setliff, Jody Z. Caldwell Jan 1991

Preparation Of A Series Of N-Phenylamides Of 5-Bromo-6-Chloronicontinic Acid And 5-Bromo-2-Chloronicontinic Acid, Frank L. Setliff, Jody Z. Caldwell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A series of N-phenylamides of 5-bromo 6-chloronicotinic acid and 5-bromo-2-chloronicotinic acid were synthesized by treatment of their freshly prepared acid chlorides with the appropriately ring substituted anilines. Thirty new compounds were prepared, and their structures were ascertained by elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic trends in the infrared spectra of the two series were examined in an attempt to correlate structural and electronic effects to hydrogen bonding tendencies.

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Lightning: A Complex Natural Phenomenon That Defies Simple Analysis, Mostafa Hemmati Jan 1991

Lightning: A Complex Natural Phenomenon That Defies Simple Analysis, Mostafa Hemmati

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water Benton County, Arkansas, Charles R. Smith, Kenneth F. Steele Dec 1990

Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water Benton County, Arkansas, Charles R. Smith, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

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Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water Northern Madison County, Arkansas, Andrew Y. Austin, Kenneth F. Steele Dec 1990

Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water Northern Madison County, Arkansas, Andrew Y. Austin, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

The presence of an extensive network of solution channels in the fractured carbonate bedrock and a thin permeable regolith in northwest Arkansas makes aquifers in this region susceptible to contamination. Because of these conditions, there is concern about nitrate contamination of the ground water from land applied animal wastes, commercial fertilizers, rural septic systems and municipal sewage systems. In response to these concerns a survey was conducted of the nitrate concentration in rural water wells in the carbonate aquifers of a 420 mi2 area of northern Madison county during "wet" and "dry" seasons in 1990. Information from well owners, drilling …

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A Preliminiary Investigation To Determine The Economic Implications Of The "404" Permit For Constructing Agriculturally Related Reservoirs In Arkansas, Richard K. Ford, Charles R. Britton Jun 1990

A Preliminiary Investigation To Determine The Economic Implications Of The "404" Permit For Constructing Agriculturally Related Reservoirs In Arkansas, Richard K. Ford, Charles R. Britton

Technical Reports

A descriptive inquiry of the economic consequences of federal regulations which restrict the construction of agriculturally related reservoirs in Arkansas's wetlands is presented in this report. The applicable economic principles are identifyed and applied to the situation without the quantifiable information necessary to evaluate the alternatives. The difficulty of collecting the required quantifiable information necessitates the formulation of a different technique to unravel the dilemma. An alternative method for resolving the wetlands allocation question is presented for a public sector decision maker. This unconventional technique suggests that it may be desirable to estimate and compare the costs associated with the …

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Optimal Reservoir Design Criteria In Conjuctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Soybean Irrigation In Eastern Arkansas, D. R. Edwards, J. A. Ferguson Jun 1990

Optimal Reservoir Design Criteria In Conjuctive Use Of Surface Water And Groundwater For Soybean Irrigation In Eastern Arkansas, D. R. Edwards, J. A. Ferguson

Technical Reports

A computer simulation model, named Arkansas Offstream Reservoir Analysis (ARORA) was developed to simulate present worth of net income from soybean production systems for conditions varying with respect to ground water availability, offstream reservoir capacity, and many other variables. Additional algorithms were incorporated into the model to enable it to optimize reservoir dimensions given realistic constraints and to identify the reservoir capacity corresponding to maximum present worth of simulated net income. The model was written in FORTRAN programming language and requires significant input data in order to provide significant flexibility with respect to the situations which may be accomodated. The …

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Virus Reduction By The Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System, Mark A. Gross Jun 1990

Virus Reduction By The Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System, Mark A. Gross

Technical Reports

A field study to examine the Stanford Onsite Wastewater Treatment System's ability to remove bacteriophage from wastewater was conducted. MS2 Coliphage was Injected Into the low pressure pipe (LPP) distribution system to achieve an Influent concentration of 1.6 x 106 plague forming units per milliliter (PFU/ml). The bacteriophage was Injected Into the system three times during the day, and samples were taken from drainage tiles of the treatment system. Tile drainage was assayed on conform bacteria host cultures for MS2 phage. The treatment system removed two to three logs (99% to 99.9%) of the phage. During the past two years, …

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An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Discharging A High Quality Effluent Into A Small Ozark Mountain Stream, David G. Parker, Floyd E. Cotter, Sandra C. Parker Jun 1990

An Evaluation Of The Effect Of Discharging A High Quality Effluent Into A Small Ozark Mountain Stream, David G. Parker, Floyd E. Cotter, Sandra C. Parker

Technical Reports

Recently the newly constructed Fayetteville wastewater treatment plant went on line and directed a portion of its discharge to a point in the Mud Creek drainage basin that had previously not received any effluent. Prior to the discharge, a background study had been performed to establish the water quality in the basin. The background data, when compared to the data collected by this study, allowed any alteration of the stream water quality to be evaluated. Also the modeling procedure used to set the effluent limits for the treatment plant was analyzed. All stream data were compared to the limits set …

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Fate Of Nitrogen From The Disposal Of Poultry Litter: A Simulation Approach, B. A. Ibrahim, H D. Scott Jun 1990

Fate Of Nitrogen From The Disposal Of Poultry Litter: A Simulation Approach, B. A. Ibrahim, H D. Scott

Technical Reports

A computer program was written to simulate the transport of nitrogen after an application of poultry litter to a pasture. The program was written in FORTRAN 77 to run on an IBM PC/AT or compatible personal computer or on a Sun SPARCSTATION. Simulation of water, solute and heat transport was by finite difference. Partition of rainfall into infiltration and runoff was by the SCS curve number method. A comparison was made of the computer model output with the results of a field experiment established at the Main Agricultural Experiment Station at Fayetteville. Poultry litter was applied at a rate of …

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Presentation Of Verified Algal Taxa As Reference Sources - Phase Ii, Richard L. Meyer Jun 1990

Presentation Of Verified Algal Taxa As Reference Sources - Phase Ii, Richard L. Meyer

Technical Reports

The focus of this research project was to continue the development of a photographic system which would record living organisms using various forms of light microscopy with correct color and with arrested movement. These demands dictate the use of an electronic flash source with metering and control system located in a position following the passage of the light through the optical train. The system developed uses off-the-shelf components with a modified flashtube holder which positions the tube in the axis of the light beam between the field and iris diaphragm. The light is measured off-the-film so that light from the …

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Dew Chemistry, G. H. Wagner Jun 1990

Dew Chemistry, G. H. Wagner

Technical Reports

From July, 1989 to July 1990 a total of 98 dews and 9 frosts were collected at the University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville. The total water flux from dews and frosts per year is less than 2% of that from rains. Acid and nutrient fluxes are also much lower in dew. In the following series of ions the number in parenthesis gives the % of the yearly flux of the ion in dew compared to rain for an average year: H+ (0.08), Ca2+ (23), Mg2+(9), K+(20), Na+(5), NH+(12), Cl-(7), S02/4-(5) and N0-/3 (6). A typical dew has a …

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Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2a Water Quality Data, James W. Moore May 1990

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2a Water Quality Data, James W. Moore

Technical Reports

Volume II of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains additional water quality information. This information includes the historical evaluation of the water quality in the Arkansas River and data for various water quality parameters included in the two-year sampling program. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed …

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Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 4 Cost Analyses, Joseph Watt, James W. Moore May 1990

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 4 Cost Analyses, Joseph Watt, James W. Moore

Technical Reports

Volume IV of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains the cost information calculated using WATER MAID. WATER MAID is an interactive software program for use in calculating treatment plant costs. The software program was developed for the Environmental Protection Agency. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission.

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Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 3 Treatability Study, Steven M. Jones, Steven G. Burghart, James W. Moore May 1990

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 3 Treatability Study, Steven M. Jones, Steven G. Burghart, James W. Moore

Technical Reports

Volume III of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains the treatability data. These data include the results of the granular activated carbon, ozonation and packed tower aeration studies. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed financially by matching the cost of sample collection. The City of Little …

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Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2b Water Quality Data, James W. Moore May 1990

Determination Of The Suitability Of Arkansas River Water For Municipal, Industrial And Agricultural Use: Volume 2b Water Quality Data, James W. Moore

Technical Reports

Volume II of the overall report for the project to determine the suitability of the Arkansas River for municipal, agricultural and industrial water supplies contains additional water quality information. This information includes the historical evaluation of the water quality in the Arkansas River and data for various water quality parameters included in the two-year sampling program. The research project was conducted under contract with the Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. Funding was provided by the Corps of Engineers, the Environmental Protection Agency, the City of Little Rock, Rockefeller Foundation and the Ozark Society. Additionally, the U.S. Geological Survey contributed …

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Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water From Limestone And Dolomitic Aquifers In The Northeastern Washington County Area, Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele, William K. Mccalister Mar 1990

Nitrate Concentrations Of Ground Water From Limestone And Dolomitic Aquifers In The Northeastern Washington County Area, Arkansas, Kenneth F. Steele, William K. Mccalister

Technical Reports

The Ozark Region of Arkansas is a major poultry-producing area of the United States. Large quantities of poultry waste are spread as fertilizer on thin soils of pastureland overlying limestone and dolomitic aquifers. Because these aquifers provide domestic water supplies for the rural population and are susceptible to contamination from surface water, there is concern that nitrate leached from poultry litter is polluting the ground water. In response to this concern, well water from a major poultry-producing area was compared with that from a forested area in the northeastern Washington County area, Arkansas. Although nitrate concentration of the well water …

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Beaver Lake Water Quality Monitoring Plan, Kenneth W. Carter, George Losak, Kenneth Steele, Joel Cahoon, Dwayne Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Richard Meyer, Dee Mitchell Feb 1990

Beaver Lake Water Quality Monitoring Plan, Kenneth W. Carter, George Losak, Kenneth Steele, Joel Cahoon, Dwayne Edwards, Tommy C. Daniel, Richard Meyer, Dee Mitchell

Technical Reports

The Beaver Lake basin is located in Northwest Arkansas, and includes portions of Washington, Madison, Benton, Carroll and Franklin counties. The White River is the :major tributary to Beaver lake, with minor tributaries including the Middle and West Forks of the Whi 1:e River, Richland Creek and War Eagle Creek. The basin encompassing 1,186 square miles of drainage area provides a usable storage capacity of 1.22 :million acre-feet, 300,000 of which are designated as flood control, the remainder is utilized for power generation and water supply. Beaver Lake is the water source for both the Beaver and Carroll County Water …

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Rotational Symmetries Of Nuclear States: Spin Determinations In Advanced Laboratory, Wilfred J. Braithwaite Jan 1990

Rotational Symmetries Of Nuclear States: Spin Determinations In Advanced Laboratory, Wilfred J. Braithwaite

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An advanced laboratory experiment is described which shows the connection between the rotational symmetries of nuclear states and the assignments of spins to discrete nuclear states. Standard angular correlation methods were used to study the two sequential gamma ray transitions in each ⁶⁰Ni nucleus, populated by unobserved beta decays from a weak radioactive ⁶⁰Co source. The chosen electronics and detectors were inexpensive and easy to operate. This experiment was extended to introduce students to real-world data acquisition, using finite-geometry detectors, which resulted in enormously larger coincident data rates.

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University Based Multidisciplinary Organizations - Promises And Challenges, Robert L. Cook, Richard D. Benton, Robert A. Green Jan 1990

University Based Multidisciplinary Organizations - Promises And Challenges, Robert L. Cook, Richard D. Benton, Robert A. Green

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Diagnostic Instrumentation and Analysis Laboratory (DIAL) at Mississippi State University is a multidisciplinary research organization engaged in developing and applying advanced computer-controlled, optical and laser-based diagnostic instrumentation systems for the characterization of high temperature gas streams. Part of the mission of DIAL is the on-site application of the diagnostic systems to large-scale facilities. The laboratory has approximately 40 professional and support personnel. Twelve faculty members are associated with the laboratory and, because of the multidisciplinary nature of the research program, their disciplines cross college as well as departmental boundaries. This provides for unique graduate research opportunities. Moreover, the laboratory …

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Efficiency In Collecting Fossils, Kenneth M. Ball, Leo Carson Davis Jan 1990

Efficiency In Collecting Fossils, Kenneth M. Ball, Leo Carson Davis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Two hundred seventy-two kilograms of sediments and fossils were collected from 1 meter square plots on lake beach and river gravel bars to compare the efficiency of surface collecting with that of intensive laboratory processing. Collecting fossils by visual inspection of the outcrop required an average of 14 minutes 56 seconds per square meter and resulted in 319 vertebrate and 1320 invertebrate fossils. The ratio of time spent collecting and processing sediments to time spent in surface collecting fossils was 4.66:1. The ratio of invertebrates produced by the intensive laboratory process to invertebrates produced by surface collecting was 4.80:1. Vertebrate …

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Soil And Lithostratigraphy Below The Loveland/Sicily Island Silt, Crowley's Ridge, Arkansas, Donna Porter, Sam Bishop Jan 1990

Soil And Lithostratigraphy Below The Loveland/Sicily Island Silt, Crowley's Ridge, Arkansas, Donna Porter, Sam Bishop

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Two stratigraphic units between the Loveland/Sicily Island Silt and the Pliocene sand and gravel on Crowley's Ridge were analyzed to determine their origin and assess the degree of pedogenic development. The Crowley's Ridge Loess, the upper unit, was up to 2.6 m thick, was not laterally continuous, and contained a well developed paleosol. The lower unit was a several meter thick sandy facies of the Pliocene sand and gravel which contained a weak paleosol. Particle size analysis revealed that the upper unit exhibited texture similar to the overlying loess units, with unimodal silt comprising greater than 95% of the clay-free …

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Principles And Clinical Applications Of Magnetic Resonance, Rao P. Gullapalli, Teresa T. Evans, Roger M. Hawk Jan 1990

Principles And Clinical Applications Of Magnetic Resonance, Rao P. Gullapalli, Teresa T. Evans, Roger M. Hawk

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A review is presented which covers the basic theory of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with regard to angular momentum, magnetic moments, and the classical mechanical description of the NMR experiment. Longitudinal (T,) and Transverse (T2) relaxation times are defined as well as the basic pulse sequences used for their measurement. In particular, the 180°-t-90° and the Hahn Spin Echo pulse sequences are described in detail. Basic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) theory is discussed with regard to slice selection, frequency encoding, and phase encoding to define the imaged volume element. The equations defining the amount of Tt , T2 , and …

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Study Of Deposition Methods For Silicon Powder, Kamesh V. Gadepally, Kevin B. Tennal, Roger M. Hawk, Al Robles, James A. Gribel Jan 1990

Study Of Deposition Methods For Silicon Powder, Kamesh V. Gadepally, Kevin B. Tennal, Roger M. Hawk, Al Robles, James A. Gribel

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Silicon powder tends to agglomerate at normal atmospheric conditions and is, hence, difficult to aerosolize. Several methods of aerosolizing silicon powder and finally depositing it on various substrates were investigated. This paper presents the investigated methods of aerosolization. The electrostatic spray coating used in dry paint application was found to be the most suitable. The general merits of this method and its use for silicon powder deposition to form films are discussed.

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Comparison Of Pressurized And Gravity Distribution Systems For Wastewater Treatment, Mark A. Gross, Stan Neal, Belinda Ederington, Robert Muldoon Jan 1990

Comparison Of Pressurized And Gravity Distribution Systems For Wastewater Treatment, Mark A. Gross, Stan Neal, Belinda Ederington, Robert Muldoon

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Pressurized distribution of domestic wastewater over a sand filter surface achieves better treatment than gravity distribution. The pressurized distribution system caused the filter to better remove organics (BOD₅) and suspended solids. Pressurized distribution also caused the sand filter to achieve more complete nitrification than the filter having gravity distribution. Two slow sand filters 15.2 cm wide, 3.1 m long and 15.2 cm deep were built and loaded with domestic septic tank effluent for 250 days at a rate of 5.1 cm per day. Influent and effluent samples were collected and analyzed for five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD₅), suspended solids, ammonia- …

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Data Acquisition And Control Program For Chromatographic And Spectroscopic Studies, M. Keith Hudson, William G. Hood, Robert Henson Jan 1990

Data Acquisition And Control Program For Chromatographic And Spectroscopic Studies, M. Keith Hudson, William G. Hood, Robert Henson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

An IBMPC compatible computer was interfaced to an Ithaco 3962 lock-in-amplifier. The computer controlled the functions of the lock-in-amplifier, acquired and stored data, and allowed for real time or off-line processing of data. Computer/amplifier connection was made via RS-232-C serial interface. Programmed in Microsoft Quick BASIC, the computer assumed the role of a dedicated chromatographic integrator. This reduced the overall instrumentation expense by eliminating a dedicated chromatographic integrator. The computer program supplied much greater flexibility in control and data interpretation. To show its utility, the program was applied to a study of the infrared emission from a flame upon the …

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Comparison Of The Molecular Structures Of Monovalent Cation Salets Of N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate. Novel Synthesis And Crystal Structure Of (Phi4)(S2cn(Ch3)2)2h2o, Mark Draganjac, David Minick, Elizabeth M. Holt Jan 1990

Comparison Of The Molecular Structures Of Monovalent Cation Salets Of N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate. Novel Synthesis And Crystal Structure Of (Phi4)(S2cn(Ch3)2)2h2o, Mark Draganjac, David Minick, Elizabeth M. Holt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Crystals of the tetraphenylphosphonium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate dihydrate (C₂₇H₃₀NO₂PS₂; F.W. = 495.6) are monoclinic; P2₁/n; a = 13.349(6), b = 20,968(6), c = 9.800(4) Å, β = 109.01(3)°; Z = 4; V = 2593.4(16) Å^3; Dₓ = 1.269 gcm- 3 . Data were collected at ambient temperature using MoKα radiation (λ = 0.71069 Å).F(000) = 1048, linear absorption coefficient, n = 2.80 cm- 1. The structure was solved by direct methods and subsequently refined by full matrix least squares techniques. Final R value = 0.064 for 1 61 0 reflections and 298 varied parameters. Due to the nature of the cation, interactions …

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