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Articles 2131 - 2160 of 2433

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Chemistry And Apparent Quality Of Surface Water And Ground Water Associated With Coal Basins, R. B. Stroud, J. L. Spellman, R. R. Potts, A. J. Oakley Sep 1985

Chemistry And Apparent Quality Of Surface Water And Ground Water Associated With Coal Basins, R. B. Stroud, J. L. Spellman, R. R. Potts, A. J. Oakley

Technical Reports

Personnel of the Arkansas Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute conducted preliminary investigations on the chemistry and quality of surface and ground water associated with 12 coal-bearing sub-basins in the Arkansas Valley coal field. The coal field is approximately 60 miles long and 33 miles wide but only in 12 areas coal is thick enough and has proper quality to be termed commercial. Both surface and underground sample sites were established in each of the sub-basins with some minor variations in four areas where not all types of sites could be located. Water was collected from 19 surface points and …

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Institutional Arrangements And Financing Alternatives For State And Local Water Programs, Joseph A. Ziegler Sep 1985

Institutional Arrangements And Financing Alternatives For State And Local Water Programs, Joseph A. Ziegler

Technical Reports

This study analyzes alternative institutional arrangements and financing alternatives for water projects at the state and local levels with particular emphasis on Arkansas. Because most water projects are financed with debt it concentrates on alternatives which can reduce the cost of debt and/or result in more efficient use of existing facilities. Specific state options considered include grants, loans, revolving funds, debt guarantee, bond insurance, bond bank, statutory and regulatory reform of water laws and water-related institutions, and planning and technical assistance. Specific local options include use of taxes and bonds including creative financing, user fees, leasing, privitization, and financial planning.

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Optimal Allocation And Scheduling Of Irrigation Water For Cotton And Soybeans, M. J. Cochran, L. D. Parsch, J. M. Redfern, H. D. Scott Sep 1985

Optimal Allocation And Scheduling Of Irrigation Water For Cotton And Soybeans, M. J. Cochran, L. D. Parsch, J. M. Redfern, H. D. Scott

Technical Reports

This study evaluated alternative irrigation scheduling strategies for cotton and soybean production on Sharkey clay soils in southeast Arkansas. Strategies were ranked on the basis of two basic criteria: expected net revenue and risk efficiency. Risk efficiency was defined for different risk preferences using stochastic dominance techniques. Preferred strategies for cotton employed tensiometer thresholds between -.45 atm and -.75 atm. Risk efficient soybean irrigation strategies varied with the degree of risk aversion--more risk averse decision makers prefer strategies with lower thresholds.

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Demonstrations Of Arkansas' Water Management Simulator, Leslie E. Mack Sep 1985

Demonstrations Of Arkansas' Water Management Simulator, Leslie E. Mack

Technical Reports

One of the larger stumbling blocks to comprehensive water management is the lack of public understanding of the multitude of variables that operate at the same time within the hydrologic cycle. With more public understanding, there is greater public support for various water projects. Dr. John R. Amend from Montana State University developed a water management simulator which could handle a large number of variables simultaneously of natural surface and groundwater flow plus a number of water use variables on an accelerated time sequence. By using several remote control devices, participants can "control" their water use but have no control …

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Qualitative And Quantitative Aquatic Algal Data Compilation To Determine Macrotrends, Richard L. Meyer Sep 1985

Qualitative And Quantitative Aquatic Algal Data Compilation To Determine Macrotrends, Richard L. Meyer

Technical Reports

A data base of the algae of Arkansas has been initiated by the selection of a relational data base management system. The system was chosen to be readily available for microcomputers using MS- or PC-DOS. The initial parameters chosen for entry are associated with the classification of the organisms from Class to the Variety level with author and year of initiation. Further annotation includes identification source. Presently, the data base of 1,162 taxa includes 226 Cyanophyceae, 367 Chlorophyceae, 124 Euglenophyceae, 26 Xanthophyceae, 81 Chryso- phyceae, 279 Bacillariophyceae, 33 Pyrrhophyceae, 14 Cryptophyceae, and 5 Rhodophyceae. These taxa are sortable by any …

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Analyses Of Groundwater For Trace Levels Of Pesticides, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, T. C. Cavalier Sep 1985

Analyses Of Groundwater For Trace Levels Of Pesticides, T. L. Lavy, J. D. Mattice, T. C. Cavalier

Technical Reports

Agricultural production is a major source of revenue in Arkansas. In order to increase productivity, it has been necessary to rely increasingly on the use of pesticides and irrigation water. In the last 15 years several states have reported finding pesticides in groundwater as a result of normal agricultural practices. Since almost half of the population also relies on groundwater as their source of drinking water, it is necessary to conduct research as to ascertain the presence or absence of commonly used pesticides in groundwater. Multi residue analytical techniques were developed for the analysis of acifluorfen, alachlor, atrazine, cyanazine, diuron, …

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The Behavior Of Soluble Salt In Sharkey Clay, J. T. Gilmour, J. A. Ferguson, H. D. Scott, R. E. Baser Sep 1985

The Behavior Of Soluble Salt In Sharkey Clay, J. T. Gilmour, J. A. Ferguson, H. D. Scott, R. E. Baser

Technical Reports

Soluble salt problems do exist and are significant in Arkansas. Studies have been conducted on Crowley silt loam (Typic Albaqualfs) which have established the behavior of soluble salt in that soil. The major objective of this study was to quantify the behavior of soluble salt in a second important Mississippi River Delta soil - the Sharkey (Vertic Haplaquepts). To this end, estimation of the downward redistribution of salt and the estimation of various components of the water balance for this soil served as specific objectives. Field studies were designed to monitor the movement of salt in the Sharkey soil and …

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Development Of Optimal Sustained Yield Groundwater Withdrawal Strategies For The Boeuf-Tensas Basin In Arkansas, Richard C. Peralta, Bithin Datta, Jamal Solaimanian, Paul J. Killian, Amin Yazdanian Aug 1985

Development Of Optimal Sustained Yield Groundwater Withdrawal Strategies For The Boeuf-Tensas Basin In Arkansas, Richard C. Peralta, Bithin Datta, Jamal Solaimanian, Paul J. Killian, Amin Yazdanian

Technical Reports

The goal of this study ia to develop sustained yield pumping (discharge via wells) strategies for the Boeuf-Tensaa Basin area. The demarkation of the Boeut-Tensas area is described in the Arkansas State Vater Plan (Arkansas Soil and Water Conservation Commission. 1984). The Boeuf-Teneas Basin ia a highly developed agricultural region located in the southeast corner of Arkansas. Hydrogeologically. it is part of the Bayou Bartholomew/Alluvial Aquifer System (Broom and Reed. 1973). Before describing the Boeuf-Tensas Basin, the Bayou Bartholomew region should be discussed.

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Projections Of Agricultural And Fish And Wildlife Water Demand In The Ouachita River Basin: A Linear Programming Approach, Mark J. Cochran, Mike Tessaro, J. Martin Redfern, Larry Childress, E. Moye Rutledge, Rob Raskin, Robert N. Shulstad Jul 1985

Projections Of Agricultural And Fish And Wildlife Water Demand In The Ouachita River Basin: A Linear Programming Approach, Mark J. Cochran, Mike Tessaro, J. Martin Redfern, Larry Childress, E. Moye Rutledge, Rob Raskin, Robert N. Shulstad

Technical Reports

The availability of an abundant water supply has been a major resource of the Ouachita River Basin. In recent years, water requirements for a number of uses have increased, raising the concern that future water shortages could occur in the basin. The purpose of the study reported here was to estimate future water demand for irrigation, commercial fisheries, and fish and wildlife uses.

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Water Quality Management Strategies For Beaver Reservoir, Richard L. Meyer, W. Reed Green Apr 1985

Water Quality Management Strategies For Beaver Reservoir, Richard L. Meyer, W. Reed Green

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

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Model To Predict Arkansas Gray Fox Fur Harvests, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1985

Model To Predict Arkansas Gray Fox Fur Harvests, James H. Peck, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Linear regression analysis of total gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) fur harvests from 1954-1983 in Arkansas showed a high correlation with mean pelt values (r = 0.956). Single variable models using linear regression analyses of current season's pelt values (CSPV) and previous season's pelt values (PSPV) were designed to predict fur harvests. These models demonstrated high correlations for predicting harvests (r = 0.933 and r = 0.893 respectively). Regional analyses revealed a high correlation between mean pelt values and harvest for the Ozark Mountain region (r = 0.923), Ouachita Mountain region (r = 0.971 ), and Gulf Coastal Plain (r = …

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Watershed Land Uses And Phosphorus Export Coefficient Relationships: A Planning Tool For Lake Resources Management, Carl R. Stapleton Jan 1985

Watershed Land Uses And Phosphorus Export Coefficient Relationships: A Planning Tool For Lake Resources Management, Carl R. Stapleton

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Relationships between nonpoint source pollutant loadings and water quality degradation in lakes have been established. However, practical methodologies necessary to identify and manage nonpoint sources in accordance with lake water quality indices have been lacking. Objectives of the current study were as follows: (1) to compare predicted model values for in-lake total phosphorus (TP) concentrations with actual values; and (2) to determine the applicability of areal phosphorus loading models for lake resources management. The research site was located 19 km west of the City of Little Rock in the Lake Maumelle basin. Areal total phosphorus (TP) loadings in g m^-2yr^-1 …

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Changes In Forest Soils Following Clearcutting Of Pine Forests In The Ouachita Mountains Of Arkansas, Harlan R. Stoin, Bajuri Bin Kadmin, Lyell F. Thompson Jan 1985

Changes In Forest Soils Following Clearcutting Of Pine Forests In The Ouachita Mountains Of Arkansas, Harlan R. Stoin, Bajuri Bin Kadmin, Lyell F. Thompson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Soil characteristics of the mineral surface soil (0-6 cm) on three small watersheds in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas from which the pine forests have been clearcut, crushed, and burned for site preparation were studied for the first two years following clearcutting and compared to soils from adjacent uncut pine forest watersheds. Following clearcutting and burning, soil pH was generally higher than in uncut forest soils. The greatest pH differences occurred within several months of burning and generally decreased through the end of the second year. Soil organic matter content was lower immediately following clearcutting and burning and increased to …

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Analysis Of Solar Collector Surface To Air Flow Thermal Transfer Using Solid State Sensors And Microcomputer Interfacing, Rudolph J. Eichenberger Jan 1985

Analysis Of Solar Collector Surface To Air Flow Thermal Transfer Using Solid State Sensors And Microcomputer Interfacing, Rudolph J. Eichenberger

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

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Lime Needs And Trends In Arkansas, Clifford S. Snyder, Stanley L. Chapman Jan 1985

Lime Needs And Trends In Arkansas, Clifford S. Snyder, Stanley L. Chapman

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Consumption of agricultural lime in Arkansas declined significantly during the past seven years. During each of the past four years, lime consumption was lower than any time since 1960. The quantity of lime needed for optimum crop production on Arkansas' soils is estimated to be 2,678,700 metric tons (MT) (3,000,000 tons), based on University of Arkansas soil testing summaries. Since 1980, less than 285,728 MT(320,000 tons) of lime have been used each year. It is the natural tendency for most soils in Arkansas to become more acidic with time. Periodic addition of agricultural limestone, however, can neutralize soil acidity and …

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Analysis Of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: Ii. Species Accounts, James H. Peck, Joseph D. Clark, Tiny Sheldon, Gary A. Heidt Jan 1985

Analysis Of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: Ii. Species Accounts, James H. Peck, Joseph D. Clark, Tiny Sheldon, Gary A. Heidt

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fur harvest records were maintained by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission on the following 16 furbearers: badger, beaver, bobcat, eastern spotted skunk (civet), coyote, gray fox, long-tailed weasel, mink, muskrat, nutria, opossum, raccoon, red fox, red wolf, river otter, and striped skunk. These harvest records were analyzed for each species in terms of mean pelt price and numbers of pelt sold by region (Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi Delta) per year. Historical or biological influences important in interpreting species accounts are presented.

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Analysis Of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: Iii. Harvest-Price Relationships, Joseph D. Clark, Gary A. Heidt, Tina Sheldon, James H. Peck Jan 1985

Analysis Of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: Iii. Harvest-Price Relationships, Joseph D. Clark, Gary A. Heidt, Tina Sheldon, James H. Peck

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Correlation and linear regression analyses between mean annual pelt price and total harvest of 13 Arkansas furbearer species between 1965 and 1983 were performed for state and regions (Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi Delta). Statewide, strong correlations (r > 0.80) were identified for bobcat (Felis rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), mink (Mustela vison), nutria (Myocastor coypus), opossum (Didelphis virginiana), and raccoon (Procyonlotor). Moderate correlations (r = 0.55 - 0.79) were identified for eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius), muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), river otter (Lutra canadensis), and striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). Nonsignificant correlations (r < 0.468) were shown for beaver (Castor canadensis) and long-tailed weasel (Mustela frenata). Regional differences were noted for each species.

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Analysis Of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: I. State And Regional Accounts, Gary A. Heidt, James H. Peck, Tiny Sheldon, Joseph D. Clark Jan 1985

Analysis Of Arkansas Fur Harvest Records - 1942-1984: I. State And Regional Accounts, Gary A. Heidt, James H. Peck, Tiny Sheldon, Joseph D. Clark

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Fur harvest records maintained by the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission from 1942-1984 summarized the number of pelts sold by region (Ozark Mountains, Ouachita Mountains, Gulf Coastal Plain, and Mississippi Delta) and the average price per pelt for 16 furbearers. Analysis of these records showed that in the 1979-80 trapping season (the record year for both harvest and value both in Arkansas and the nation), the value of the Arkansas fur harvest ranked 14th nationally (2.12% of total national value). Fur harvests in Arkansas were high in the 1940's, declined in the 1950's and 1960's and then experienced a rapid …

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Response Of Fishes To Revetment Placement, C. H. Pennington, S. S. Knight, M. P. Farrell Jan 1985

Response Of Fishes To Revetment Placement, C. H. Pennington, S. S. Knight, M. P. Farrell

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Routine fish sampling with hoop nets was conducted monthly from April through December 1978 along natural and revetted riverbanks on the lower Mississippi River near Eudora, Arkansas, to monitor changes in fish populations affected by placement of new revetment for bank protection. Eighteen species of fish were collected with four species comprising over 75% of the total catch. During the months prior to revetment placement, freshwater drum, Aplodinotus grunniens, was the most abundant (32.7% of the catch) species collected. Following in abundance were the flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, (9.8%), common carp, Cyprinus carpio, (7.8%), and blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus, (3.3%). …

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Fluctuations And Relationships Of Selected Physiochemical Parameters In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1975-1982, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson Jan 1985

Fluctuations And Relationships Of Selected Physiochemical Parameters In Dardanelle Reservoir, Arkansas, 1975-1982, John D. Rickett, Robert L. Watson

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Annual and seasonal fluctuations and relationships are described for discharge, turbidity, chloride, total hardness, conductivity and suspended solids over an eight-year period in Dardanelle Reservoir. The parameters fluctuated rather widely primarily in response to seasonal patterns of rainfall. Chloride and conductivity were related and generally fluctuated together as did turbidity and suspended solids. Hardness appeared to vary independently of the others prior to 1979 then varied more closely with chloride after March 1979. Inherent differences between the Illinois Bayou arm and the main Arkansas River sections complicated the precise identification of any overall impact of power plant operation. No significant …

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Arkansas Water Resources Research Center Pamphlet, Richard L. Meyer Jan 1985

Arkansas Water Resources Research Center Pamphlet, Richard L. Meyer

Technical Reports

Arkansas Water Resources Research Center (AWRRC), through research is committed to meeting the many and varied challenges presented to water quality by Arkansas' burgeoning urban, agricultural, and recreational water demands.

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Studies Of Effectiveness Of Commercial Home Treatment Systems, William W. Trigg, Raymond D. Couser Sep 1984

Studies Of Effectiveness Of Commercial Home Treatment Systems, William W. Trigg, Raymond D. Couser

Technical Reports

Eleven home water systems were tested representing six different types of filtering systems. Tests were made for Sulfates, Nitrates, Phosphate, Iron and Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes before and after passing through a home treatment system. All of the systems removed iron adequately but had little effect on the removal of nitrates, phosphates, sulfates or control of pH. Since none of the ground waters was contaminated by coli- forms, nothing was established regarding the effectiveness of bacterial removal by these systems.

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Use Of Microcomputers To Aid Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, David G. Parker, Sandra C. Parker Sep 1984

Use Of Microcomputers To Aid Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations, David G. Parker, Sandra C. Parker

Technical Reports

This report presents the development of a microcomputer based data management system for wastewater treatment plants. The relational database model was shown to be well suited for data management applications in wastewater treatment plants. A general data management system was developed for use with a microcomputer using a commercially available relational database management system. Use of the developed system requires no special computer training. The system was tailored for use at the wastewater treatment plant at Springdale, Arkansas. The capabilities of the system were demonstrated with actual data from the Springdale plant.

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Wetlands Forest Communities As Indicators Of Flooding Potential In Backwater Areas Of River Bottomlands, Edward E. Dale Jr. Sep 1984

Wetlands Forest Communities As Indicators Of Flooding Potential In Backwater Areas Of River Bottomlands, Edward E. Dale Jr.

Technical Reports

A phytosociological study was made of forest types that occur in backwater and river bottomlands of the Gulf Coastal Plain, Arkansas Valley, and Mississippi Delta Regions of Arkansas. Twenty different forest types dominated principally by a single species were identified and described. Their occurrence was then correlated with flooding conditions in their habitats and the types were arranged along decreasing moisture gradients. Those forest types tolerant of flooding or saturated soils between three months to a year or more are Taxodium distichum, Nyssa aquatica, Cephalanthus occidentalis, Salix nigra, and Planera aquatica types. Those tolerant from one to three months are …

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Factors Affecting The Removal Of Suspended And Dissolved Solids In High Strength Wastewater From Vegetable Processing, William A. Sistrunk Sep 1984

Factors Affecting The Removal Of Suspended And Dissolved Solids In High Strength Wastewater From Vegetable Processing, William A. Sistrunk

Technical Reports

Fifty or more individual factorial experiments were designed to study the effectiveness of physical-chemical and micro-biological treatments in removal of suspended and dissolved solids in effluent from potatoes, hominy, dry beans and other vegetables. The wastewaters were obtained from local processing plants and treated with 3 to 5 inorganic salts, 13 polymers, and 3 or more pH levels during 12 months. Also, selected strains of yeast and fungi were used to assimilate the effluent. Individual inorganic salts were more effective on a certain vegetable effluent than others. Polymers (anionic and cationic) were more effective in coagulating suspended solids in combination …

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Water Management Simulator Presentations, Leslie E. Mack Sep 1984

Water Management Simulator Presentations, Leslie E. Mack

Technical Reports

One of the larger stumbling blocks to comprehensive water management is the lack of public understanding of the multitude of variables that operate at the same time within the hydrologic cycle. With more public understanding, there is greater public support for various water projects. Dr. John R. Amend from Montana State University developed a water management simulator which could handle a large number of variables simultaneously of natural surface and groundwater flow plus a number of water use variables on an accelerated time sequence. By using several remote control devices, participants can "control" their water use but have no control …

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Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enrichment Using In Situ Enclosure Bags With Temporal Indigenous Phytoplankton Populations, Richard L. Meyer, W. Reed Green Sep 1984

Evaluation Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Enrichment Using In Situ Enclosure Bags With Temporal Indigenous Phytoplankton Populations, Richard L. Meyer, W. Reed Green

Technical Reports

An in situ experimental procedure and protocol was developed to evaluate nitrate and phosphate enrichment using isolated indigenous phytoplankton assemblages during different seasons. Results of the comparison of the parameters-temperature, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen between the open water and enclosed systems indicated that there was no significant influence of the physicochemical factors on the isolated biological processes. Growth responses were measured by turbidity, biomass and chlorophyll-a, the most sensitive being chlorophyll-a. Additions of nitrate and phosphate were added in known concentrations and in different magnitudes of concentration based upon ambient conditions and ratio. During the fall, phosphorus influenced …

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Groundwater Quality And Mineral Deposits Relationships In The Ozark Mountains, Kenneth F. Steele Sep 1984

Groundwater Quality And Mineral Deposits Relationships In The Ozark Mountains, Kenneth F. Steele

Technical Reports

Ninety-nine groundwater sites were sampled in northern Arkansas in order to determine the effect of local manganese, phosphate, pyrite, lead-zinc and uranium mineralization on the groundwater chemistry. Most of this study (75 springs) was concentrated in the Batesville manganese district. Hydrogeochemical exploration for these types of manganese deposits appears possible with 44 percent of the springs within 2000 feet of mineralization having anomalous metal concentrations (especially manganese). Because only a few springs were sampled in the remaining areas, the results are not conclusive; however, only the pyrite and small lead-zinc deposit would appear worthy of additional investigation. None of the …

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Identification Of Critical Water Levels In Flooded Rice Fields, Carl L. Griffis Aug 1984

Identification Of Critical Water Levels In Flooded Rice Fields, Carl L. Griffis

Technical Reports

A mathematical model was developed to simulate the transient hydrology of a flooded rice field. With the model, users can determine the critical interlevee areas in which to monitor the water levels so that the irrigation well can be turned on at the critical low water level, and turned off at the critical high water level, in order to maximize water application efficiency. Sensitivity analysis performed with the model showed that it will be necessary to calibrate the model for each specific field. A calibration procedure has been developed.

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Precedings Of Arkansas Lakes Symposium Limnological Studies Of Lake Chicot, Arkansas, Joe F. Nix, Frank R. Schiebe Aug 1984

Precedings Of Arkansas Lakes Symposium Limnological Studies Of Lake Chicot, Arkansas, Joe F. Nix, Frank R. Schiebe

Technical Reports

Lake Chicot is an oxbow lake that was created more than 600 years ago by the meandering of the Mississippi River. It is located in Chicot county in southeastern Arkansas adjacent to the present Mississippi River. As the largest natural lake in Arkansas it earned an early reputation for its good fishing and recreational value. Development of a levee system forced the enlargement of the lakes watershed to its present 350 square miles. Initially this alteration affected only the volume flow through the lake, drastically reducing the water residence time. Because the watershed was located in one of the most …

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