Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Foreword And Kfgc Award Winners [2008], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Sensitivity Of Pdr Calculations To Microphysical Details, N. P. Abel, P. A. M. Van Hoof, G. Shaw, Gary J. Ferland, T. Elwert

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Our understanding of physical processes in photodissociation regions or photon-dominated regions (PDRs) largely depends on the ability of spectral synthesis codes to reproduce the observed infrared emission-line spectrum. In this paper, we explore the sensitivity of a single PDR model to microphysical details. Our calculations use the Cloudy spectral synthesis code, recently modified to include a wealth of PDR physical processes. We show how the chemical/thermal structure of a PDR, along with the calculated spectrum, changes when the treatment of physical processes such as grain physics and atomic/molecular rates are varied. We find a significant variation in the intensities of …

Agn Dusty Tori. I. Handling Of Clumpy Media, Maia Nenkova, Matthew M. Sirocky, Željko Ivezić, Moshe Elitzur

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

According to unified schemes of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), the central engine is surrounded by dusty, optically thick clouds in a toroidal structure. We have recently developed a formalism that for the first time takes proper account of the clumpy nature of the AGN torus. We now provide a detailed report of our findings in a two-paper series. Here we present our general formalism for radiative transfer in clumpy media and construct its building blocks for the AGN problem-the source functions of individual dusty clouds heated by the AGN radiation field. We show that a fundamental difference from smooth density …

Use Of Boron Compounds To Precipitate Uranium From Water, David A. Atwood

Chemistry Faculty Patents

A method is provided for removing uranium from water. The method includes the mixing of a boron reagent with water contaminated with uranyl dication ions, leading to removal of the uranium from that water.

Tetrahymena Thermophila And Candida Albicans Group I Intron-Derived Ribozymes Can Catalyze The Trans-Excision-Splicing Reaction, P. Patrick Dotson Ii, Ashley K. Johnson, Stephen M. Testa

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Group I intron-derived ribozymes can catalyze a variety of non-native reactions. For the trans-excision-splicing (TES) reaction, an intron-derived ribozyme from the opportunistic pathogen Pneumocystis carinii catalyzes the excision of a predefined region from within an RNA substrate with subsequent ligation of the flanking regions. To establish TES as a general ribozyme-mediated reaction, intron-derived ribozymes from Tetrahymena thermophila and Candida albicans, which are similar to but not the same as that from Pneumocystis, were investigated for their propensity to catalyze the TES reaction. We now report that the Tetrahymena and Candida ribozymes can catalyze the excision of a …

Inversion Symmetry And Local Vs. Dispersive Interactions In The Nucleation Of Hydrogen Bonded Cyclic N-Mer And Tape Of Imidazolecarboxamidines, Sihui Long, Venkatraj Muthusamy, Peter G. Willis, Sean Parkin, Arthur Cammers

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Substitutional changes to imidazolecarboxamidine that preserved intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the solid state were used to study the relationship between packing and the hydrogen bond motif. Various motifs competed, but the most common imidazolecarboxamidine crystalline phase was a C_i symmetric dimer that established inversion centers by associating enantiomeric tautomers. Counter to intuition, the calculated gas-phase energies per molecule of the solid state atomic coordinates of the C_i dimer motifs were higher than those of the C₁ dimer, trimer, tetramer and tape motifs, while the packing densities of C_i dimers were found to be higher. This result …

Silylethynylated Heteroacenes And Electronic Devices Made Therewith, John E. Anthony, Marcia M. Payne, Susan A. Odom, Sean Parkin

Chemistry Faculty Patents

Novel silylethynylated heteroacenes and electronic devices made with those compounds are disclosed.

Agn Dusty Tori. Ii. Observational Implications Of Clumpiness, Maia Nenkova, Matthew M. Sirocky, Robert Nikutta, Željko Ivezić, Moshe Elitzur

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Clumpy torus models with N₀ ~ 5–15 dusty clouds along radial equatorial rays successfully explain AGN infrared observations. The dust has standard Galactic composition, with individual cloud optical depth τ_V ~ 30–100 at visual. The models naturally explain the observed behavior of the 10 μm silicate feature, in particular the lack of deep absorption features in AGNs of any type, and can reproduce the weak emission feature tentatively detected in type 2 QSOs. The clouds' angular distribution must have a soft edge, e.g., Gaussian, and the radial distribution should decrease as 1/r or 1/r^{2 …}

Silicates In Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies, M. M. Sirocky, N. A. Levenson, Moshe Elitzur, H. W. W. Spoon, L. Armus

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We analyze the mid-infrared (MIR) spectra of ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Spectrograph. Dust emission dominates the MIR spectra of ULIRGs, and the reprocessed radiation that emerges is independent of the underlying heating spectrum. Instead, the resulting emission depends sensitively on the geometric distribution of the dust, which we diagnose with comparisons of numerical simulations of radiative transfer. Quantifying the silicate emission and absorption features that appear near 10 and 18 μm requires a reliable determination of the continuum, and we demonstrate that including …

On The Optimality Of The Neighbor-Joining Algorithm, Kord Eickmeyer, Peter Huggins, Lior Pachter, Ruriko Yoshida

Statistics Faculty Publications

The popular neighbor-joining (NJ) algorithm used in phylogenetics is a greedy algorithm for finding the balanced minimum evolution (BME) tree associated to a dissimilarity map. From this point of view, NJ is "optimal" when the algorithm outputs the tree which minimizes the balanced minimum evolution criterion. We use the fact that the NJ tree topology and the BME tree topology are determined by polyhedral subdivisions of the spaces of dissimilarity maps R(n2)+ to study the optimality of the neighbor-joining algorithm. In particular, we investigate and compare the polyhedral subdivisions for n ≤ 8. This requires the measurement of volumes of …

The Effect Of 53 ΜM Ir Radiation On 18 Cm Oh Megamaser Emission, Philip Lockett, Moshe Elitzur

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

OH megamasers (OHMs) emit primarily in the main lines at 1667 and 1665 MHz and differ from their Galactic counterparts due to their immense luminosities, large line widths, and 1667/1665 MHz flux ratios, which are always greater than 1. We find that these maser properties result from strong 53 μm radiative pumping combined with line overlap effects caused by turbulent line widths ~20 km s^-1 pumping calculations that do not include line overlap are unreliable. A minimum dust temperature of ~45 K is needed for inversion, and maximum maser efficiency occurs for dust temperatures ~80-140 K. We find …

Excited-State Oh Masers And Supernova Remnants, Ylva M. Pihlström, Vincent L. Fish, Loránt O. Sjouwerman, Laura K. Zschaechner, Philip B. Lockett, Moshe Elitzur

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The collisionally pumped, ground-state 1720 MHz maser line of OH is widely recognized as a tracer for shocked regions and observed in star-forming regions and supernova remnants. Whereas some lines of excited states of OH have been detected and studied in star-forming regions, the subject of excited-state OH in supernova remnants-where high collision rates are to be expected-is only recently being addressed. Modeling of collisional excitation of OH demonstrates that 1720, 4765, and 6049 MHz masers can occur under similar conditions in regions of shocked gas. In particular, the 6049 and 4765 MHz masers become more significant at increased OH …

Aequorin And Obelin Mutants With Differing Wavelengths And Bioluminescence, Sylvia Daunert, Sapna K. Deo, Emre Dikici, Laura Rowe

Chemistry Faculty Patents

The invention relates to aequorin and obelin mutants whose emission is shifted with respect to wild type. The shift in emission is accomplished using a combination of mutations of amino acids within aequorin or obelin that affect bioluminescence; use of different types of chromophores, i.e., coelenterazines with variable emission characteristics; and modifications of the photoprotein with fluorophores that will allow for emission of light at longer wavelengths as a result of energy transfer. Additionally, an assay employing aequorin mutants to test for HIV-1 protease inhibitors is disclosed.

Poster Session, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Kentucky Water Awareness Month Packet, Ashley Osborne, UK Cooperative Extension Service, ENRI Task Force
• Recent Enhancements to the Kentucky Groundwater-Quality Data Search Engine, Bart Davidson and R. Stephen Fisher, KGS
• Diatom Colonization Patterns and Carbon Stable Isotopic Ratios in Developing Periphyton at Springs of Differing Geologic Origin in Land-Between-the-Lakes, Courtney Snapp and Susan Hendricks, Water Sciences Program, Murray State University
• Seasonal Changes in Stratification and Oxygen Content of a Eutrophic Lake, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County, Kentucky, Jill Hunter and Walter Borowski, Dept of Geography and Geology, EKU
• Water Pioneers Water Quality Program 2007, Stephanie Jenkins, …

Session 2d: Pathogen Transport, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Assessment of Nonpoint Source Impacts on Groundwater Quality in South Elkhorn Creek Basin, Central Kentucky, Robert J. Blair and others, Kentucky Division of Water, Frankfort
• Karst Groundwater Infiltration of the Sanitary Sewer within the Beargrass Creek Watershed, Jefferson County, Kentucky, Joseph Ray and others, Kentucky Division of Water
• Illicit Discharge into Town Branch in Lexington, Kentucky, Jim Buckles and others, Tetra Tech, Lexington
• Assessment of Water Quality Trends in the Upper Forks of the Kentucky River Basin: Focus on Pathogen Impairment, Chandramouli Viswanathan, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, UK

Session 2c: Water Quality, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Determinations of Bioavailable Fractions in the Assessment of Metals in Big and Little Bayou Creeks……, McCracken County, Kentucky, David J. Price, Dept Biology, UK
• Creation of a Catalog of Environmental Mercury Databases in Kentucky, Caroline Chan and others, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, U of L
• Using Nitrogen Isotopes to Trace Nutrient Inputs to a Eutrophic Lake, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County, Kentucky, Walter Borowski and Theresa Aguiar, Dept of Geography and Geology, EKU
• Using Microbial Distribution and Abundance in a Eutrophic Lake as a Tracer for Nutrient Inputs, Wilgreen Lake, Madison County Kentucky, Theresa …

Session 2b: Variety, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Mud, Horses and Clean Water – A BMP Demonstration Project for Suburban Horse Owners, Steve Higgins and others, Biosystems and Ag Engineering, UK
• A Topological Model of Open Channel Flows, Brian Belcher and Jimmy Fox, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Rain Gardens: Restoring a Waste Water to a Priceless Treasure, H. David Gabbard, LFUCG, Richard Walker, Tetra Tech, and Sandy Camargo, CDP Engineers
• Kentucky Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control (KESPSC) – An Answer to the Question “What is a Qualified Inspector?” Shelby Jett, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Kevin Gibson and John Ricketts, Stantec Consulting Services, Lexington

Session 2a: Groundwater, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• How Close Do We Need to Sample for Appropriate Solute Transport Characterization Through the Vadose Zone? Ole Wendroth and others, Dept of Plant and Soil Sciences, UK
• Efficiently Locating and Repairing Damaged Sewer Lines in a Karst Terrane, Kevin Lyne, LFUCG and Robert Blair, KDOW
• Hydrogeologic Investigations of Pavement Subsidence in the Cumberland Gap Tunnel, Jim Dinger and others, KGS

Session 1d: Land Use, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Mountaintop Mining and Sustainable Development Opportunities for Appalachia, J. Stephen Gardner, Engineering Consulting Services, Inc., Lexington
• Spatial Characterization of Kentucky’s 2005-2001 Land Cover Change, A Kentucky Landscape Census Product, Demetrio Zourarakis and others, Kentucky Division of Geographic Information
• Feasibility Study of Cover-Collapse Rate in the Western Pennyroyal Karst of Kentucky, James Currens and Randall Paylor, KGS
• Kentucky SPARROW Model and its Applications to Understanding Nutrient Loads, Tanja N. Williamson, USGS Kentucky Water Science Center

Session 1c: Student Research Projects, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• A 3-D Computational Fluid Dynamics Code for Simulation of Pump Stations with Vertical Plunging Jet and Air Bubble Transport, Tien Mun Yee and Scott Yost, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Chemical Evolution of Groundwater in the Wilcox Aquifer of the Mississippi Embayment, Estifanos Haile and Alan Fryar, Dept of Earth and Environmental Sciences, UK
• Sediment Organic Matter Degradation within Storage Zones Deposited In-Stream, Charles Davis and Jimmy Fox, Dept of Civil Engineering, UK
• Effectiveness of Improved Skid Trail Headwater Stream Crossings, Jeffrey Stringer and Christopher Reeves, Dept of Forestry, UK

Session 1b: Education, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Community Based Science, Water Quality and Nonpoint Source Pollution, Carol Hanley and others, Tracy Farmer Center for the Environment, UK
• A Stormwater Education Program to Assist Kentucky’s MS4 Phase II Communities, Yvonne Meichtry and Julie Gee, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet, Frankfort
• Water/Wastewater Technician Training Institute: A Holistic Approach to Developing a Professional Water and Wastewater Workforce, Andrew Ernest, Center for Water Resource Studies, WKU
• Geology for Everyone, New Map Products from the Kentucky Geological Survey, Daniel Carey, KGS

Session 1a: Watersheds, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

• Cane Run Watershed Assessment and Restoration Project, Steve Higgins and others, Biosystems and Ag Engineering, UK
• Kentucky Institute for Watershed Management Support, Andrew Ernest, Center for Water Resource Studies, WKU
• Watershed Planning Guidebook for Kentucky Communities, Katie Holmes and others, Kentucky Waterways Alliance

Proceedings Of 2008 Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute, University Of Kentucky

Kentucky Water Resources Annual Symposium

This conference was planned and conducted as part of the state water resources research annual program with the support and collaboration of the Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, under Grant Agreement Number 06HQGR0087.

The views and conclusions contained in this document and presented at the symposium are those of the abstract authors and presenters and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government or other symposium organizers and sponsors.

On The Enhanced Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate In The Diffuse Cloud Toward Ζ Persei, Gargi Shaw, Gary J. Ferland, R. Srianand, N. P. Abel, P. A. M. Van Hoof, P. C. Stancil

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The spatial distribution of the cosmic-ray flux is important in understanding the interstellar medium (ISM) of the Galaxy. This distribution can be analyzed by studying different molecular species along different sight lines whose abundances are sensitive to the cosmic-ray ionization rate. Recently several groups have reported an enhanced cosmic-ray ionization rate (ζ=χ_CRζ_standard) in diffuse clouds compared to the standard value, ζ_standard (=2.5×10^-17 s^-1), measured toward dense molecular clouds. In an earlier work we reported an enhancement χ_CR=20 toward HD 185418. McCall et al. have reported χ_CR=48 toward ζ …

Photo Highlights Of The 28th Kentucky Alfalfa Conference, Kentucky Alfalfa Conference

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

No abstract provided.

Hay Supply, Price And The Future, Tom Keene

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

As we prepare for the 2008 hay crop, it’s probably a good time to look back and see what the ’07 crop brought to us and wonder if it will have any bearing on the upcoming 2008 crop.

Alfalfa Hay And Balage: Testing For Quality, Kimberly Field

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Why Test Your Hay?

• By knowing the percentages and protein levels you can increase/decrease the amount of supplements needed from your analysis report and will help the producer set feeding rations
• If you do not know what you have in your forage you are over or under feeding your livestock – therefore affecting the health of your animal and your pocket book

Is There A Benefit To Alfalfa Balage?, Gary Bates

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Making hay in the mid-South has always been a difficult process. High humidity and rainfall often make drying a long, tedious, if not impossible proposition. Over the last few years there has been an increased interest in making round bale silage, or balage, from forage crops. Fermenting alfalfa for storage has several advantages and disadvantages over regular haymaking systems.

Alfalfa: Forage Crop Of The Future, Neal P. Martin, David Mertens, Ronald Hatfield, Hans Jung

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

In 2007, U.S. farmers harvested 23.6 million acres of alfalfa. Alfalfa harvested as hay and haylage produced 82.8 million tons valued at approximately $9.4 billion, ranking behind only corn and soybeans. Alfalfa hay supports dairy, beef, sheep, and horse production in the U.S. as well as a growing export market.

National Hay Association President's Perspective: What A Year To Be President, Ron Tombaugh

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Over the years, I have had the opportunity to attend the Kentucky Alfalfa Conference in Cave City. Usually it was combined with a trip to deliver hay into Kentucky to either a dairy, beef, or horse customer. This is an excellent event.

The following is my “acceptance” speech given in September 2007 in Columbus, Ohio, when I was installed as President of the National Hay Association.