Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Emergence Of Helical Edge Conduction In Graphene At The Ν = 0 Quantum Hall State, Pavel Tikhonov, Efrat Shimshoni, H. A. Fertig, Ganpathy Murthy

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The conductance of graphene subject to a strong, tilted magnetic field exhibits a dramatic change from insulating to conducting behavior with tilt angle, regarded as evidence for the transition from a canted antiferromagnetic (CAF) to a ferromagnetic (FM) ν = 0 quantum Hall state. We develop a theory for the electric transport in this system based on the spin-charge connection, whereby the evolution in the nature of collective spin excitations is reflected in the charge-carrying modes. To this end, we derive an effective field-theoretical description of the low-energy excitations, associated with quantum fluctuations of the spin-valley domain-wall ground-state configuration which …

Light-Activated Compounds, Edith C. Glazer, David K. Heidary

Chemistry Faculty Patents

The presently-disclosed subject matter includes light-activated ruthenium compounds. In some embodiments the compounds release one or more ligands when exposed to light, and in specific embodiments the light includes a wavelength of about 500 nm to about 1000 nm. The present compounds can also comprise an overall charge, wherein the overall charge can be a positive overall charge or a negative overall charge. Further still, embodiments include methods of treating cancer in a subject by administering a compound and then exposing a site of the subject to light.

Beam Energy Dependence Of The Third Harmonic Of Azimuthal Correlations In Au + Au Collisions At Rhic, L. Adamczyk, James K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, I. Alekseev, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, A. Attri, G. S. Averichev, X. Bai, V. Bairathi, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, P. Bhattarai, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. Bouchet, J. D. Brandenburg, A. V. Brandin, I. Bunzarov, J. Butterworth, H. Caines, M. Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, J. M. Campbell, D. Cebra, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present results from a harmonic decomposition of two-particle azimuthal correlations measured with the STAR detector in Au + Au collisions for energies ranging from √^s_NN = 7.7 to 200 GeV. The third harmonic υ²₃ {2} = ⟨cos3(ϕ₁−ϕ₂)⟩, where ϕ₁−ϕ₂ is the angular difference in azimuth, is studied as a function of the pseudorapidity difference between particle pairs Δη = η₁− η₂. Nonzero υ²₃ {2} is directly related to the previously observed large-Δη narrow-Δϕ ridge correlations and …

Disc Outflows And High-Luminosity True Type 2 Agn, Moshe Elitzur, Hagai Netzer

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The absence of intrinsic broad-line emission has been reported in a number of active galactic nuclei (AGN), including some with high Eddington ratios. Such ‘true type 2 AGN’ are inherent to the disc-wind scenario for the broad-line region: broad-line emission requires a minimal column density, implying a minimal outflow rate and thus a minimal accretion rate. Here we perform a detailed analysis of the consequences of mass conservation in the process of accretion through a central disc. The resulting constraints on luminosity are consistent with all the cases where claimed detections of true type 2 AGN pass stringent criteria, and …

Nanoparticles Composed Of Zn And Zno Inhibit Peronospora Tabacina Spore Germination In Vitro And P. Tabacina Infectivity On Tobacco Leaves, George Wagner, Victor Korenkov, Jonathan D. Judy, Paul M. Bertsch

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Manufactured nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly being used for commercial purposes and certain NP types have been shown to have broad spectrum antibacterial activity. In contrast, their activities against fungi and fungi-like oomycetes are less studied. Here, we examined the potential of two types of commercially available Zn NPs (Zn NPs and ZnO NPs) to inhibit spore germination and infectivity on tobacco leaves resulting from exposure to the fungi-like oomycete pathogen Peronospora tabacina (P. tabacina). Both types of NPs, as well as ZnCl₂ and bulk ZnO control treatments, inhibited spore germination compared to a blank control. ZnO ENMs …

Interpreting The Ionization Sequence In Star-Forming Galaxy Emission-Line Spectra, Chris T. Richardson, James T. Allen, Jack A. Baldwin, Paul C. Hewett, Gary J. Ferland, Anthony Crider, Helen Meskhidze

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

High-ionization star-forming (SF) galaxies are easily identified with strong emission-line techniques such as the BPT diagram, and form an obvious ionization sequence on such diagrams. We use a locally optimally emitting cloud model to fit emission-line ratios that constrain the excitation mechanism, spectral energy distribution, abundances and physical conditions along the star formation ionization sequence. Our analysis takes advantage of the identification of a sample of pure SF galaxies, to define the ionization sequence, via mean field independent component analysis. Previous work has suggested that the major parameter controlling the ionization level in SF galaxies is the metallicity. Here we …

Trapping Penguins With Entangled B Mesons, Ryan Dadisman, Susan Gardner, Xinshuai Yan

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The first direct observation of time-reversal (T) violation in the system has been reported by the BaBar Collaboration, employing the method of Bañuls and Bernabéu. Given this, we generalize their analysis of the time-dependent T-violating asymmetry (A_T) to consider different choices of CP tags for which the dominant amplitudes have the same weak phase. As one application, we find that it is possible to measure departures from the universality of sin⁡(2β) directly. If sin⁡(2β) is universal, as in the Standard Model, the method permits the direct determination of penguin effects in these channels. …

Comparison Of Protein Phosphatase Inhibition Assay With Lc-Ms/Ms For Diagnosis Of Microcystin Toxicosis In Veterinary Cases, Caroline E. Moore, Jeanette Juan, Yanping Lin, Cynthia L. Gaskill, Birgit Puschner

Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Faculty Publications

Microcystins are acute hepatotoxins of increasing global concern in drinking and recreational waters and are a major health risk to humans and animals. Produced by cyanobacteria, microcystins inhibit serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). A cost-effective PP1 assay using p-nitrophenyl phosphate was developed to quickly assess water and rumen content samples. Significant inhibition was determined via a linear model, which compared increasing volumes of sample to the log-transformed ratio of the exposed rate over the control rate of PP1 activity. To test the usefulness of this model in diagnostic case investigations, samples from two veterinary cases were tested. In August …

Orion's Veil. Iv. H2 Excitation And Geometry, N. P. Abel, Gary J. Ferland, C. R. O'Dell, Thomas H. Troland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The foreground Veil of material that lies in front of the Orion Nebula is the best studied sample of the interstellar medium because we know where it is located, how it is illuminated, and the balance of thermal and magnetic energy. In this work, we present high-resolution STIS observations toward the Trapezium, with the goal of better understanding the chemistry and geometry of the two primary Veil layers, along with ionized gas along the line of sight. The most complete characterization of the rotational/vibrational column densities of H₂ in the almost purely atomic components of the Veil are presented, …

Data Publication With The Structural Biology Data Grid Supports Live Analysis, Peter A. Meyer, Stephanie Socias, Jason Key, Elizabeth Ransey, Emily C. Tjon, Alejandro Buschiazzo, Ming Lei, Chris Botka, James Withrow, David Neau, Kanagalaghatta Rajashankar, Karen S. Anderson, Richard H. Baxter, Stephen C. Blacklow, Titus J. Boggon, Alexandre M. J. J. Bonvin, Dominika Borek, Tom J. Brett, Amedeo Caflisch, Chung-I Chang, Walter J. Chazin, Kevin D. Corbett, Michael S. Cosgrove, Sean Crosson, Sirano Dhe-Paganon, Enrico Di Cera, Catherine L. Drennan, Michael J. Eck, Brandt F. Eichman, Qing R. Fan, Oleg V. Tsodikov

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Access to experimental X-ray diffraction image data is fundamental for validation and reproduction of macromolecular models and indispensable for development of structural biology processing methods. Here, we established a diffraction data publication and dissemination system, Structural Biology Data Grid (SBDG; data.sbgrid.org), to preserve primary experimental data sets that support scientific publications. Data sets are accessible to researchers through a community driven data grid, which facilitates global data access. Our analysis of a pilot collection of crystallographic data sets demonstrates that the information archived by SBDG is sufficient to reprocess data to statistics that meet or exceed the quality of the …

Identifying Rare Fhb-Resistant Segregants In Intransigent Backcross And F2 Winter Wheat Populations, Anthony J. Clark, Daniela Sarti-Dvorjak, Gina Brown-Guedira, Yanhong Dong, Byung-Kee Baik, David A. Van Sanford

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein.(Petch)] in the US, is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum L.). Infected grain is usually contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON), a serious mycotoxin. The challenge in FHB resistance breeding is combining resistance with superior agronomic and quality characteristics. Exotic QTL are widely used to improve FHB resistance. Success depends on the genetic background into which the QTL are introgressed, whether through backcrossing or forward crossing; QTL expression is impossible to predict. In this study four high-yielding soft red …

Motorcycle Helmet Effectiveness In Reducing Head, Face And Brain Injuries By State And Helmet Law, Cody S. Olsen, Andrea M. Thomas, Michael Singleton, Anna M. Gaichas, Tracy J. Smith, Gary A. Smith, Justin Peng, Michael J. Bauer, Ming Qu, Denise Yeager, Timothy Kerns, Cynthia Burch, Lawrence J. Cook

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

Background: Despite evidence that motorcycle helmets reduce morbidity and mortality, helmet laws and rates of helmet use vary by state in the U.S.

Methods: We pooled data from eleven states: five with universal laws requiring all motorcyclists to wear a helmet, and six with partial laws requiring only a subset of motorcyclists to wear a helmet. Data were combined in the Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System's General Use Model and included motorcycle crash records probabilistically linked to emergency department and inpatient discharges for years 2005-2008. Medical outcomes were compared between partial and universal helmet law settings. We estimated adjusted relative …

Mapping Irrigated And Rainfed Wheat Areas Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Data, Ning Jin, Bo Tao, Wei Ren, Meichen Feng, Rui Sun, Liang He, Wei Zhuang, Qiang Yu

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Irrigation is crucial to agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas and significantly contributes to crop development, food diversity and the sustainability of agro-ecosystems. For a specific crop, the separation of its irrigated and rainfed areas is difficult, because their phenology is similar and therefore less distinguishable, especially when there are phenology shifts due to various factors, such as elevation and latitude. In this study, we present a simple, but robust method to map irrigated and rainfed wheat areas in a semi-arid region of China. We used the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at a 30 × 30 m spatial resolution …

Orbital Angular Momentum And Generalized Transverse Momentum Distribution, Yong Zhao, Keh-Fei Liu, Yi-Bo Yang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We show that, when boosted to the infinite momentum frame, the quark and gluon orbital angular momentum operators defined in the nucleon spin sum rule of Chen et al. are the same as those whose matrix elements correspond to the moments of generalized transverse momentum distributions. This completes the connection between the infinite momentum limit of each term in that sum rule and experimentally measurable observables. We also show that these orbital angular momentum operators can be defined locally and discuss the strategies of calculating them in lattice QCD.

Characterizing Genotype X Management Interactions On Soybean Seed Yield, David A. Marburger, Bryson J. Haverkamp, Randall G. Laurenz, John M. Orlowski, Eric W. Wilson, Shaun N. Casteel, Chad D. Lee, Seth L. Naeve, Emerson D. Nafziger, Kraig L. Roozeboom, William J. Ross, Kurt D. Thelen, Shawn P. Conley

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Increased soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] commodity prices in recent years have generated interest in high-input systems to increase yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of current, high-yielding cultivars under high- and low-input systems on soybean yield and yield components. Research trials were conducted at 19 locations spanning nine states from 2012 to 2014. At each location, six high-yielding cultivars were grown under three input systems: (i) standard practice (SP, current recommended practices), (ii) high-input treatment consisting of a seed treatment fungicide, insecticide, nematistat, inoculant, and lipo-chitooligosaccharide (LCO); soil-applied N fertilizer; foliar LCO, fertilizer, …

How To Select And Buck Logs For Railroad Ties, Terry Conners

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Railroad ties are rectangular pieces of wood with specified dimensions that are used to hold steel rails apart by a fixed distance in track. They’re dried, treated with a wood preservative and installed in track with various types of hardware to support the load and to keep the wood from being crushed and worn away during service. Specifications for ties vary slightly from one customer to another.

Trails As Resource Connections In Your Community, Jayoung Koo

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

A trail is a linear path segment that is naturally or intentionally created by users (humans and/or animals) to traverse their landscape and connect destinations. As a collective, a trail system is comprised of multiple paths that are connected in an overall network that may include paths exclusively in towns or in nature, but also connect one place to another place. Effectively laid out trails can fulfill multiple goals and objectives and also have significant indirect benefits for communities. Depending on the form or function, there are different types of trails to be considered (Table 1). Trail systems can include …

Trail Planning, Jayoung Koo

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

There are two general ways to begin a trail project in a community. The first method is for the community (client) to hire design or planning professionals such as landscape architects, urban planners or engineers to lead a trail project on behalf of the community. The second way involves a grass roots approach where a community gets the project started and develops the conceptual ideas on their own and then later brings in professionals during the design phase. Regardless of the approach for the initial phase, professionals need to be involved to eventually construct the trail(s) but how much of …

Trailblazers: Two Case Studies For Community Trails, Jayoung Koo

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Trails function as beneficial resources for communities in support of their various goals; although how projects are implemented and what specific features are created will differ depending on a community’s geographic location, socio-economic context and potential, and historical and cultural assets. While the essence of a trail project may seem simple and universal in nature, different communities with different contexts, shapes and sizes can apply a range of trail planning strategies and approaches to fit their needs and physical community. Ultimately, each community’s trail project will differ from their neighbor’s as well as from the perceived “ideal” trail. In any …

Genetically Engineered Crops: Emerging Opportunities, Paul C. Vincelli

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Biotechnology is “any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.” This definition encompasses many, many applications, including traditional ones such as fermentation of alcoholic beverages.

In certain biotech crops, their genetic material (DNA) has been purposefully manipulated in the laboratory. These genetically engineered crops are often called “GMOs,” an acronym for “genetically modified organisms.” These GMOs are the focus of this publication.

Kentucky Nutrient Management Planning Guidelines (Kynmp) [2016], Stephen F. Higgins, Kylie Schmidt, Amanda A. Gumbert

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Nutrients are constantly cycling through farms. Nutrients come onto a farm in the form of feed, commercial fertilizers, manure, or compost, and they leave the farm with harvested crops, sold livestock, and off-site disposal of manure and other waste. Sometimes nutrients are even lost to the air, soil, or water. Nutrient management allows farmers to use nutrients (specifically nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) wisely for optimal economic benefit with minimal impact on the environment.

Approximately 80 percent of nutrients fed to an animal passes through the gut and into its manure. If managed correctly, the nutrients and organic matter in this …

Plant Diseases [2016], Kimberly Leonberger, Kelly Jackson, Robbie Smith, Nicole Ward Gauthier

Agriculture and Natural Resources Publications

Anyone who has ever planted a garden knows not only the rewards of beautiful flowers, fruit, and/ or vegetables, but also the disappointment when plants become diseased or damaged. Many factors cause plants to exhibit poor vigor, changes in appearance, or even death. Both abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) factors can negatively impact plant heath. Disorders that result from non-living factors (such as nutrient deficiencies, over/under watering, temperature stress, and chemical damage) are discussed in subsequent chapters. This chapter focuses on those living organisms that cause disease: fungi, water molds, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, phytoplasmas, and parasitic plants.

Application Of Recycled Media And Algae-Based Anaerobic Digestate In Scenedesmus Cultivation, Xinyi E, Czarena Crofcheck, Mark Crocker

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

To make large-algae cultivation systems sustainable, commercial fertilizer inputs should be minimized. One means of achieving this is to maximize the recycle of nutrients used in algae cultivation. In addition to recycling nutrient-containing water from algae harvesting and dewatering, after harvesting algal biomass can be used as a substrate for anaerobic digestion, which can then generate mineralized nutrients to be used for further cultivation. In this study, the effect of recycling media and using mineralized nutrients during Scenedesmus cultivation was investigated. The recycled media proved to be able to support cell growth with nutrient replenishment, and it could be recycled …

Probing Parton Dynamics Of Qcd Matter With Ω And Φ Production, L. Adamczyk, James K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, I. Alekseev, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, A. Attri, G. S. Averichev, X. Bai, V. Bairathi, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, P. Bhattarai, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. Bouchet, J. D. Brandenburg, A. V. Brandin, I. Bunzarov, J. Butterworth, H. Caines, M. Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, J. M. Campbell, D. Cebra, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present measurements of Ω and ϕ production at midrapidity from Au+Au collisions at nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energies √^s_NN = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV by the STAR experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Motivated by the coalescence formation mechanism for these strange hadrons, we study the ratios of N (Ω^- + Ω⁻⁺) / [2N(ϕ)]. These ratios as a function of transverse momentum p_T fall on a consistent trend at high collision energies, but start to show deviations in peripheral collisions at √^s_NN = …

Reducing Dynamic Disorder In Small-Molecule Organic Semiconductors By Suppressing Large-Amplitude Thermal Motions, Steffen Illig, Alexander S. Eggeman, Alessandro Troisi, Lang Jiang, Chris Warwick, Mark Nikolka, Guillaume Schweicher, Stephen G. Yeates, Yves Henri Geerts, John E. Anthony, Henning Sirringhaus

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Thermal vibrations and the dynamic disorder they create can detrimentally affect the transport properties of van der Waals bonded molecular semiconductors. The low-energy nature of these vibrations makes it difficult to access them experimentally, which is why we still lack clear molecular design rules to control and reduce dynamic disorder. In this study we discuss the promising organic semiconductors rubrene, 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothio-phene and 2,9-di-decyl-dinaphtho-[2,3-b:20,30-f]-thieno-[3,2-b]-thiophene in terms of an exceptionally low degree of dynamic disorder. In particular, we analyse diffuse scattering in transmission electron microscopy, to show that small molecules that have their side chains attached along the long axis of their …

Mid-Infrared Luminous Quasars In The Goods–Herschel Fields: A Large Population Of Heavily Obscured, Compton-Thick Quasars At Z ≈ 2, A. Del Moro, D. M. Alexander, F. E. Bauer, E. Daddi, Dale D. Kocevski, Daniel H. Mcintosh, F. Stanley, W. N. Brandt, D. Elbaz, C. M. Harrison, B. Luo, J. R. Mullaney, Y. Q. Xue

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present the infrared (IR) and X-ray properties of a sample of 33 mid-IR luminous quasars (νL_6 μm ≥ 6 × 10⁴⁴ erg s⁻¹) at redshift z ≈ 1–3, identified through detailed spectral energy distribution analyses of distant star-forming galaxies, using the deepest IR data from Spitzer and Herschel in the GOODS–Herschel fields. The aim is to constrain the fraction of obscured, and Compton-thick (CT, N_H > 1.5 × 10²⁴ cm⁻²) quasars at the peak era of nuclear and star formation activities. Despite being very bright in the mid-IR band, ≈30 …

Statistical Interpretation Including The Appropriate Statistical Tests, Olga A. Vsevolozhskaya

Biostatistics Presentations

Outline:

1. Evaluation of treatment’s therapeutic potential after experimental stroke.
2. Post-stroke behavioral testing and functional recovery.

Stochastic Model With Low Mode Substitution For Nucleon Isovector Matrix Elements, Yi-Bo Yang, Andrei Alexandru, Terrence Draper, Ming Gong, Keh-Fei Liu

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We introduce a stochastic method with low-mode substitution to evaluate the connected three-point functions. The isovector matrix elements of the nucleon for the axial-vector coupling g³_A, scalar couplings g³_S and the quark momentum fraction ⟨x⟩_u−d are calculated with overlap fermion on 2 + 1 flavor domain-wall configurations on a 24³ × 64 lattice at m_π = 330  MeV with lattice spacing a = 0.114  fm.

Centrality And Transverse Momentum Dependence Of Elliptic Flow Of Multistrange Hadrons And Φ Meson In Au + Au Collisions At √SNn = 200 Gev, L. Adamczyk, James K. Adkins, G. Agakishiev, M. M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, I. Alekseev, A. Aparin, D. Arkhipkin, E. C. Aschenauer, G. S. Averichev, V. Bairathi, A. Banerjee, R. Bellwied, A. Bhasin, A. K. Bhati, P. Bhattarai, J. Bielcik, J. Bielcikova, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin, J. Bouchet, A. V. Brandin, I. Bunzarov, J. Butterworth, H. Caines, M. Calderón De La Barca Sánchez, J. M. Campbell, D. Cebra, M. C. Cervantes, I. Chakaberia, Renee H. Fatemi, Suvarna Ramachandran

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

We present high precision measurements of elliptic flow near midrapidity (|y| < 1.0) for multistrange hadrons and ϕ meson as a function of centrality and transverse momentum in Au + Au collisions at center of mass energy √^s_NN = 200  GeV. We observe that the transverse momentum dependence of ϕ and Ω υ₂ is similar to that of π and p, respectively, which may indicate that the heavier strange quark flows as strongly as the lighter up and down quarks. This observation constitutes a clear piece of evidence for the development of partonic collectivity in heavy-ion collisions at the top …

Direct Band Gap Gallium Antimony Phosphide (GasbXP1-X) Alloys, H. B. Russell, A. N. Andriotis, Madhu Menon, J. B. Jasinski, A. Martinez-Garcia, M. K. Sunkara

Center for Computational Sciences Faculty Publications

Here, we report direct band gap transition for Gallium Phosphide (GaP) when alloyed with just 1–2 at% antimony (Sb) utilizing both density functional theory based computations and experiments. First principles density functional theory calculations of GaSb_xP_1−x alloys in a 216 atom supercell configuration indicate that an indirect to direct band gap transition occurs at x = 0.0092 or higher Sb incorporation into GaSb_xP_1−x. Furthermore, these calculations indicate band edge straddling of the hydrogen evolution and oxygen evolution reactions for compositions ranging from x = 0.0092 Sb up to at least x = 0.065 …