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Articles 2611 - 2640 of 24230

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Ferroelectric-Driven Tunable Magnetism In Ultrathin Platinum Films, Q. Sun, F. Mahfouzi, J. P. Velev, E. Y. Tsymbal, And N. Kioussis Jan 2020

Ferroelectric-Driven Tunable Magnetism In Ultrathin Platinum Films, Q. Sun, F. Mahfouzi, J. P. Velev, E. Y. Tsymbal, And N. Kioussis

Evgeny Tsymbal Publications

No abstract provided.


Unveiling Multiferroic Proximity Effect In Graphene, F. Ibrahim, A. Hallal, D. S. Lerma, X. Waintal, E. Y. Tsymbal, And M. Chshiev Jan 2020

Unveiling Multiferroic Proximity Effect In Graphene, F. Ibrahim, A. Hallal, D. S. Lerma, X. Waintal, E. Y. Tsymbal, And M. Chshiev

Evgeny Tsymbal Publications

No abstract provided.


Strain-Driven Disproportionation At A Correlated Oxide Metal-Insulator Transition, T. H. Kim, T. R. Paudel, R. J. Green, K. Song, H.-S. Lee, S.-Y. Choi, J. Irwin, B. Noesges, L. J. Brillson, M. S. Rzchowski, G. A. Sawatzky, E. Y. Tsymbal, And C. B. Eom Jan 2020

Strain-Driven Disproportionation At A Correlated Oxide Metal-Insulator Transition, T. H. Kim, T. R. Paudel, R. J. Green, K. Song, H.-S. Lee, S.-Y. Choi, J. Irwin, B. Noesges, L. J. Brillson, M. S. Rzchowski, G. A. Sawatzky, E. Y. Tsymbal, And C. B. Eom

Evgeny Tsymbal Publications

No abstract provided.


Magnonic Analog Of The Edelstein Effect In Antiferromagnetic Insulators, Bo Li, Alexander Mook, Aldo Raeliarijaona, Alexey Kovalev Jan 2020

Magnonic Analog Of The Edelstein Effect In Antiferromagnetic Insulators, Bo Li, Alexander Mook, Aldo Raeliarijaona, Alexey Kovalev

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We investigate the nonequilibrium spin polarization due to a temperature gradient in antiferromagnetic insulators, which is the magnonic analog of the inverse spin-galvanic effect of electrons. We derive a linear-response theory of a temperature-gradient-induced spin polarization for collinear and noncollinear antiferromagnets, which comprises both extrinsic and intrinsic contributions. We apply our theory to several noncentrosymmetric antiferromagnetic insulators, i.e., to a one-dimensional antiferromagnetic spin chain, a single layer of kagome noncollinear antiferromagnet,e.g.,KFe3(OH)6(SO4)2,and a noncollinear breathing pyrochlore antiferromagnet, e.g., LiGaCr4O8. The shapes of our numerically evaluated response tensors agree with those implied by the magnetic symmetry. Assuming a realistic temperature gradient of …


Prairie Grouse Population Trends And Their Historical Drivers In The Nebraska Sandhills, Danielle Berger Jan 2020

Prairie Grouse Population Trends And Their Historical Drivers In The Nebraska Sandhills, Danielle Berger

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) has monitored greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) and plains sharp-tailed grouse populations (Tympanuchus phasianellus jamesi), collectively known as prairie grouse, since the 1950s using spring breeding ground counts. My research modeled long-term, species-specific spatial and temporal trends of prairie grouse abundance and potential environmental drivers in the Sandhills of Nebraska using NGPC’s historical monitoring data. Prairie-chicken populations have increased since the 1950s while sharp-tailed grouse populations have remained stable or slightly declined. These population trends arise in the context of a dynamic landscape. I created indices representing raptor predation …


Growing Season Air Mass Equivalent Temperature (Te) In The East Central Usa, Dolly Na-Yemeh, Rezaul Mamood, Gregory Goodrich, Keri Younger, Kevin Cary, Joshua D. Durkee Jan 2020

Growing Season Air Mass Equivalent Temperature (Te) In The East Central Usa, Dolly Na-Yemeh, Rezaul Mamood, Gregory Goodrich, Keri Younger, Kevin Cary, Joshua D. Durkee

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Equivalent temperature (TE), which incorporates both dry (surface air temperature, T) and moist heat content associated with atmospheric moisture, is a better indicator of overall atmospheric heat content compared to T alone. This paper investigates the impacts of different types of air masses on TE during the growing season (April–September). The study used data from the Kentucky Mesonet for this purpose. The growing season was divided into early (April–May), mid (June–July), and late (August–September). Analysis suggests that TE for moist tropical (MT) air mass was as high as 61 and 81 C for the early and mid-growing season, respectively. Further …


Optimal Spatial Prioritization Of Control Resources For Elimination Of Invasive Species Under Demographic Uncertainty, Kim M. Pepin, Timothy J. Smyser, Amy J. Davis, Ryan S. Miller, Sophie Mckee, Kurt C. Vercauteren, William Kendall, Chris Slootmaker Jan 2020

Optimal Spatial Prioritization Of Control Resources For Elimination Of Invasive Species Under Demographic Uncertainty, Kim M. Pepin, Timothy J. Smyser, Amy J. Davis, Ryan S. Miller, Sophie Mckee, Kurt C. Vercauteren, William Kendall, Chris Slootmaker

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Populations of invasive species often spread heterogeneously across a landscape, consisting of local populations that cluster in space but are connected by dispersal. A fundamental dilemma for invasive species control is how to optimally allocate limited fiscal resources across local populations. Theoretical work based on perfect knowledge of demographic connectivity suggests that targeting local populations from which migrants originate (sources) can be optimal. However, demographic processes such as abundance and dispersal can be highly uncertain, and the relationship between local population density and damage costs (damage function) is rarely known. We used a metapopulation model to understand how budget and …


Uptake, Metabolism, And Elimination Of Fungicides From Coated Wheat Seeds In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica), Michael S. Gross, Thomas G. Bean, Michelle L. Hladik, Barnett A. Rattner, Kathryn M. Kuivila Jan 2020

Uptake, Metabolism, And Elimination Of Fungicides From Coated Wheat Seeds In Japanese Quail (Coturnix Japonica), Michael S. Gross, Thomas G. Bean, Michelle L. Hladik, Barnett A. Rattner, Kathryn M. Kuivila

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Pesticides coated to the seed surface potentially pose an ecological risk to granivorous birds that consume incompletely buried or spilled seeds. To assess the toxicokinetics of seeds treated with current-use fungicides, Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica) were orally dosed with commercially coated wheat seeds. Quail were exposed to metalaxyl, tebuconazole, and fludioxonil at either a low dose (0.0655, 0.0308, and 0.0328 mg/kg of body weight, respectively) or a high dose (0.196, 0.0925, and 0.0985 mg/kg of body weight, respectively). Fungicides were rapidly absorbed and distributed to tissues. Tebuconazole was metabolized into tert-butylhydroxy-tebuconazole. All compounds were eliminated to below detection limits …


Characterization Of Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Albus) Spawning Habitat In The Lower Missouri River, Caroline M. Elliott, Aaron J. Delonay, Kimberly Chojnacki, Robert B. Jacobson Jan 2020

Characterization Of Pallid Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus Albus) Spawning Habitat In The Lower Missouri River, Caroline M. Elliott, Aaron J. Delonay, Kimberly Chojnacki, Robert B. Jacobson

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Acipenseriformes (sturgeons and paddlefish) globally have declined throughout their range due to river fragmentation, habitat loss, overfishing, and degradation of water quality. In North America, pallid sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus albus) populations have experienced poor to no recruitment, or substantial levels of hybridization with the closely related shovelnose sturgeon (S. platorynchus). The Lower Missouri River is the only portion of the species’ range where successful reproduction and recruitment of genetically pure pallid sturgeon have been documented. This paper documents spawning habitat and behavior on the Lower Missouri River, which comprises over 1,300 km of unfragmented river habitat. The …


Ires Track I: Usa-China: International Research Experience For Native American Students In Iot-Enabled Environmental Monitoring Technologies., J. Wang, J.M.D. Motschenbacher Jan 2020

Ires Track I: Usa-China: International Research Experience For Native American Students In Iot-Enabled Environmental Monitoring Technologies., J. Wang, J.M.D. Motschenbacher

School of Natural Resources: Documents and Reviews

No abstract provided.


Gateways-Nd: Demonstrating Institutional Change In Stem Teaching And Learning Within North Dakota State University, J.M.D. Motsenbacher, E. A. Berg, J. Ladbury, R. Reichenbach, M. Hanson, P. Kelter, L. Montplaisir, J. Nyachwaya Jan 2020

Gateways-Nd: Demonstrating Institutional Change In Stem Teaching And Learning Within North Dakota State University, J.M.D. Motsenbacher, E. A. Berg, J. Ladbury, R. Reichenbach, M. Hanson, P. Kelter, L. Montplaisir, J. Nyachwaya

School of Natural Resources: Documents and Reviews

No abstract provided.


Observing Spectral Response Differences In Freshwater Lakes Using Remote Sensing Technology, Brady Cooper Jan 2020

Observing Spectral Response Differences In Freshwater Lakes Using Remote Sensing Technology, Brady Cooper

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

Nutrient pollution is a growing issue around the world. The excess nutrients going into aquatic ecosystems allows phytoplankton to thrive and form algal blooms. Algal blooms can be hazardous to humans, wildlife, and destroy aquatic ecosystems. They also are costly to monitor and control. This study uses remote sensing to observe the spectral differences in lakes, specifically one that experienced an algal bloom, Lake St. Clair. It was also compared to a lake with exceptional water quality, Lake Tahoe. The objective was to see how the two differed spectrally and determine if remote sensing is a viable option for monitoring …


The Role Of University Of Nebraska-Lincoln’S Biodigester On Sustainable Food Waste Reduction Within Selleck Dining Center, Jennifer Gilbert Jan 2020

The Role Of University Of Nebraska-Lincoln’S Biodigester On Sustainable Food Waste Reduction Within Selleck Dining Center, Jennifer Gilbert

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

The University of Nebraska-Lincoln took a major step toward sustainability this past fall when Dining Services installed their first ever biodigester on November 8, 2019 within Selleck Dining Center. The impact this biodigester has had, thus far, is observable in the form of quantitative data collected in the amount of food waste digested by this technology. This study focuses on analyzing collected data from the LFC Cloud database, while also searching for trends and patterns that could further suggest substantial impact and efficiency of the biodigester on food waste reduction and sustainability initiatives within UNL Dining Services. Data Tables and …


Incorporating Tallgrass Prairie Into Urban Environments, Daniel Hauschild Jan 2020

Incorporating Tallgrass Prairie Into Urban Environments, Daniel Hauschild

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

As an agricultural state with a population poised to shift to primarily urban based, Nebraska is in the unique position of being able to decide how people live in modern cities. While the benefits of including green spaces in urban areas are well documented, evidence also suggests that increased biodiversity in these areas compounds those benefits. As such, incorporating elements of functioning natural ecosystems within urban areas can potentially create pockets of sustainable landscapes. Nebraska’s two largest population centers are located on land that was historically tallgrass prairie, an iconic landscape in American history and now almost entirely absent from …


The Research And Analysis Of Potential Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Habitats And Gray Wolf Management In The U.S., Youhan Mei Jan 2020

The Research And Analysis Of Potential Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) Habitats And Gray Wolf Management In The U.S., Youhan Mei

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

The Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus) is a keystone species that have significant impacts on the ecosystem where they belong. They used to have a wide range of habitat across the whole of North America. In 1960, the wolves were treated as threats to the safety of humans and livestock. They were wiped out by the government of the day and only had few populations left in Minnesota and Michigan. Today, there are identified in the “Red List) of International Union for Conservation of Nature as endangered species all around the U.S. This shows the urgent need for conservation, …


Diet Composition And Analysis Of Fish Species Consumed By The Eurasian Otter In A Marine/Costal Environment, Alexandrea Otto Jan 2020

Diet Composition And Analysis Of Fish Species Consumed By The Eurasian Otter In A Marine/Costal Environment, Alexandrea Otto

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

Understanding prey preference in Eurasian otters, Lutra lutra, is important to provide greater insight into aquatic predator-prey relationships which will inform conservation efforts. Identifying the composition of an organism’s diet is one of the primary steps in understanding an organism and developing effective conservation strategies. This study expands upon basic identification of consumed items to estimate size of fish eaten by Eurasian otters to provide information on the diet of these important aquatic predators. Many studies on the Eurasian otter have considered diet from river systems, yet less is known of their diet in marine systems. The goal of my …


Remediation Strategies To Reduce Heavy Metal Uptake In Lettuce Grown In Contaminated Urban Soil, Ryley Thomas Jan 2020

Remediation Strategies To Reduce Heavy Metal Uptake In Lettuce Grown In Contaminated Urban Soil, Ryley Thomas

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

Urban soils are increasingly used to produce food for local consumption, which requires at the same time management strategies that prevent the plant uptake of potentially present contaminants. This study was conducted to test different soil amendments for their ability to retain lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) within the soil matrix. The analyzed soil was taken from a potential community garden lot near a railroad in Lincoln, NE where elevated concentrations in Pb and As had been detected. Ponderosa pine biochar and spent coffee grounds were used as soil additives because of their documented chemical reactivity towards soil cations or …


An Analysis Of A Waste Audit Performed On Unl Campus Buildings, Nathan Zach Jan 2020

An Analysis Of A Waste Audit Performed On Unl Campus Buildings, Nathan Zach

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

This is a research paper that analyzes data collected during a waste audit on two buildings located on the city campus of UNL. Two academic buildings known as Bessey Hall and Burnett Hall were audited for four days during two separate weeks. The total trash collected for each day was searched through and the actual waste was separated from the material that could have been recycled to see how much recyclable material was wasted each day in the building. This data collected will show the rate at which recyclable material is being thrown away. At the conclusion of the audit, …


Diatom Morphology In Light Of A Changing Climate: A Focus On Aulacoseira Crenulata, Brighid Welchans Jan 2020

Diatom Morphology In Light Of A Changing Climate: A Focus On Aulacoseira Crenulata, Brighid Welchans

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

Fossilized diatoms are arguably the most vital proxy record utilized in paleolimnology. Diatoms are unicellular microalgae that are the basis of countless food webs, are invaluable bioindicators, and generate nearly a quarter of global net primary productivity. Diatoms are affected by a variety of environmental factors but there is relatively little research on how environmental conditions impact diatom valve morphology, and in particular whether there is a correlation between incoming light and diatom pore morphology. This report focuses on the Amazon lowland lake Garzacocha, and analyzes the relationship between light levels and the corresponding size of Aulacoseira crenulata pores. We …


Adventuring In The Winds: An Exploration Of Water Accessibility, Keystone Species, Environmental Justice, And Forest Fires In The Wind River Range, Rhianna Giron Jan 2020

Adventuring In The Winds: An Exploration Of Water Accessibility, Keystone Species, Environmental Justice, And Forest Fires In The Wind River Range, Rhianna Giron

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

This thesis is a braided narrative that incorporates personal experience, ecological research, and poetry to explain some of the impacts of human interaction in wild spaces and of climate change. The specific areas of study in this essay are the Wind River Range, Wyoming and Nebraska. The purpose of this paper is to discuss topics related to water availability and quality, forest fires, keystone species, and social injustices related to people and environments in the Wind River Range. It is important to learn about other places than the ones we are already familiar with as it helps to instill a …


Planning Urban Forests In A Changing Climate, Ethan Dudden Jan 2020

Planning Urban Forests In A Changing Climate, Ethan Dudden

Department of Environmental Studies: Undergraduate Student Theses

As the effects of negative effects of climate change are realized, urban forests a means to reduce the potential damage and adverse conditions in urban areas (Wolf, et al., 2020) (Livesley, McPherson, & Calfapietra, 2016) (Xiao & McPherson, 2002). Preserving these resources is becoming more difficult however, as the trees that make up urban landscapes become less adapted to current conditions with every passing year (Aitken, Yeaman, Holliday, Wang, & Sierra, 2008). Changes in climate and world systems also point to invasive pests becoming greater threats to urban forest resources with time (Tubby & Webber, 2010) (Amberger et al., 2017). …


The Influence Of Isolated Thunderstorms And The Low-Level Wind Field On Nocturnally Migrating Birds In Central North America, Matthew V.D. Broeke, Timothy J. Gunkel Jan 2020

The Influence Of Isolated Thunderstorms And The Low-Level Wind Field On Nocturnally Migrating Birds In Central North America, Matthew V.D. Broeke, Timothy J. Gunkel

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Seasonal bird migration occurs on large spatial scales and is influenced by many factors including weather conditions. Weather can include thunderstorms, which may force migrants to land or cause them to reroute a migration path. In this study, a sample of isolated thunderstorms was analyzed from the domains of three weather radars in the central United States to test hypotheses regarding the influence of thunderstorms on the distribution of migrants. Migrating bird density was often reduced in the wake of storms, and this wake reduction was typically more pronounced for larger, more intense and faster- moving storms, particularly in eastern …


Diagnostic Analysis Of Bank Storage Effects On Sloping Floodplains, Xiuyu Liang, Vitaly Zlotnik, You‐Kuan Zhang, Pei Xin Jan 2020

Diagnostic Analysis Of Bank Storage Effects On Sloping Floodplains, Xiuyu Liang, Vitaly Zlotnik, You‐Kuan Zhang, Pei Xin

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Stream bank storage effects during floods have received limited attention, despite the significant role of such floods in aquifer water budgets. One reason is the complexity of geometry of the problem, which commonly has been treated numerically. Using a simple model in a domain with moving boundary, a semianalytical solution for bank storage effects is proposed to account for stream stage hydrograph, floodplain slope, and aquifer parameters. The results extend classic solutions by Cooper and Rorabaugh (1963, https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp1536J) for idealized vertical streambanks but applied to realistic floodplain cross sections. The accuracy of the semianalytical solution is verified by a one‐dimensional …


Hydrogeology And Geology Of The Lower North And South Platte Rivers Of Nebraska: Nebraska Geological Society Field Trip 2020, Douglas R. Hallum, Paul R. Hanson, Shane Tucker, Robert F. Diffendal Jr. Jan 2020

Hydrogeology And Geology Of The Lower North And South Platte Rivers Of Nebraska: Nebraska Geological Society Field Trip 2020, Douglas R. Hallum, Paul R. Hanson, Shane Tucker, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

The 2020 Nebraska Geological Society field trip will visit central Nebraska, and explore the geology and hydrogeology of the upper Platte, Lower South Platte and Lower North Platte rivers. The field trip area consists of a roughly east-west strip of land, approximately 100 kilometers long, and generally less than 10 kilometers north and south of the Platte, North Platte and South Platte rivers’ channels over most of the reach; from Brady, NE, upstream to Big Springs on the South Platte River and Lewellen on the North Platte River (Map 1). In addition to the river valleys, participants will observe alluvial …


Comparative Evaluation Of Machine Learning Models For Groundwater Quality Assessment, Shine Bedi, Ashok Samal, Chittaranjan Ray, Daniel D. Snow Jan 2020

Comparative Evaluation Of Machine Learning Models For Groundwater Quality Assessment, Shine Bedi, Ashok Samal, Chittaranjan Ray, Daniel D. Snow

School of Computing: Faculty Publications

Contamination from pesticides and nitrate in groundwater is a significant threat to water quality in general and agriculturally intensive regions in particular. Three widely used machine learning models, namely, artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), were evaluated for their efficacy in predicting contamination levels using sparse data with non-linear relationships. The predictive ability of the models was assessed using a dataset consisting of 303 wells across 12 Midwestern states in the USA. Multiple hydrogeologic, water quality, and land use features were chosen as the independent variables, and classes were based on measured concentration …


Repositories For Taxonomic Data: Where We Are And What Is Missing, Aurélian Miralles, Teddy Bruy, Katherine Wolcott, Mark D. Scherz, Dominik Begerow, Bank Beszteri, Michael Bonkowski, Janine Felden, Birgit Gemeinholzer, Frank Glaw, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Oliver Hawlitschek, Ivaylo Kostadinov, Tim W. Nattkemper, Christian Printzen, Jasmin Renz, Nataliya Rybalka, Marc Stadler, Tanja Weibulat, Thomas Wilke, Susanne S. Renner, Miguel Vences Jan 2020

Repositories For Taxonomic Data: Where We Are And What Is Missing, Aurélian Miralles, Teddy Bruy, Katherine Wolcott, Mark D. Scherz, Dominik Begerow, Bank Beszteri, Michael Bonkowski, Janine Felden, Birgit Gemeinholzer, Frank Glaw, Frank Oliver Glöckner, Oliver Hawlitschek, Ivaylo Kostadinov, Tim W. Nattkemper, Christian Printzen, Jasmin Renz, Nataliya Rybalka, Marc Stadler, Tanja Weibulat, Thomas Wilke, Susanne S. Renner, Miguel Vences

Harold W. Manter Laboratory: Library Materials

Natural history collections are leading successful large-scale projects of specimen digitization (images, metadata, DNA barcodes), thereby transforming taxonomy into a big data science. Yet, little effort has been directed towards safeguarding and subsequently mobilizing the considerable amount of original data generated during the process of naming 15,000–20,000 species every year. From the perspective of alpha-taxonomists, we provide a review of the properties and diversity of taxonomic data, assess their volume and use, and establish criteria for optimizing data repositories. We surveyed 4,113 alpha-taxonomic studies in representative journals for 2002, 2010, and 2018, and found an increasing yet comparatively limited use …


Investigating The Phenomenon Of Increasing Surface Air Temperatures Using A Global Climate Modeling Approach, D. Bhattacharya, K. Carroll-Steward, M. Chandler, C. Forbes Jan 2020

Investigating The Phenomenon Of Increasing Surface Air Temperatures Using A Global Climate Modeling Approach, D. Bhattacharya, K. Carroll-Steward, M. Chandler, C. Forbes

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Similar Bird Communities Across Grazing Systems In The Nebraska Sandhills, M. Sliwinski, L.A. Powell, W. Schacht Jan 2020

Similar Bird Communities Across Grazing Systems In The Nebraska Sandhills, M. Sliwinski, L.A. Powell, W. Schacht

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


Urban Food Sovereignty: Urgent Need For Agroecology And Systems Thinking In A Post-Covid-19 Future, Ali Loker, Charles A. Francis Jan 2020

Urban Food Sovereignty: Urgent Need For Agroecology And Systems Thinking In A Post-Covid-19 Future, Ali Loker, Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

The current COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to challenges associated with our dominant industrial food system in the U.S. The general public now has more appreciation for farm workers and meatpacking employees, as well as those in grocery stores and in food transportation who are suddenly recognized as essential frontline workers. It apparently takes a crisis for us to focus clearly on the fragility of this system and the lives of people on whom we depend. In this commentary we discuss the definition of food sovereignty, how it manifests in urban areas, and how the COVID-19 pandemic can trigger viable …


Test 2222: John Deere 8r 340, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab Jan 2020

Test 2222: John Deere 8r 340, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …