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Articles 3511 - 3540 of 3859

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. Iv Nutrient Box Model, B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins Mar 1984

Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. Iv Nutrient Box Model, B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins

Reports

This volume describes the "Box Model" of Tampa Bay that was developed as a part of a Wasteload Allocation Study contract between the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation and the College of Engineering at the University of South Florida. The first three volumes document the development of the validated two-dimensional hydraulic and water quality models that were developed for Tampa and Hillsborough Bays. Development of a "Box Model" represents an experiment in simplification of the solution of what has been an increasingly more complicated field of study.

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Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Statistical Study, Peter Gaitho Mar 1984

Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Statistical Study, Peter Gaitho

Reports

This statistical study was carried out on the Tampa Bay area in an effort to establish some basic relationships between levels of chlorophyl A and various environmental factors. Several statistical analyses were carried out. It was decided to use original data rather than averages over several months. It was felt that this would give us more reliable results. At the outset, the study centered around the use of data from only three months during the year; namely, February, June and October. It was felt that these months would be representative of the seasonal difference. Later, all months of the year …

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Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. I Hydraulic Model Documentation, B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins Mar 1984

Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. I Hydraulic Model Documentation, B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins

Reports

This first volume documents the theoretical development and present state of the University of South Florida's two-dimensional, hydraulic, estuary model. It represents the accumulation of 15 years of research and development at the Civil Engineering Mathematical Modeling Center. It has been designed to be completely compatible with a host of other specialty models including a two-dimensional ecologic model, one-dimensional tributary model, salinity model, thermal model, kinetic energy model, and others. Figure 1.2 is a graphical depiction of the compatibility and functionality of various models used with the 2-D hydraulic model.

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Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. Ii Water Quality Model Doc., B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins Mar 1984

Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. Ii Water Quality Model Doc., B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins

Reports

This second volume is a documentation of various transport models used at USF. Included, is a comprehensive documentation of the water quality model used in the WLA of Tampa Bay. Documentation of the particle transport and thermal models has been included in addition to the water quality ecological model because the authors wished to provide a historic listing of the more recent or popular transport models relevant to studies in this area.

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Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. Iii Model Validation, B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins Mar 1984

Wasteload Allocation Study Tampa Bay, Florida Vol. Iii Model Validation, B. E. Ross, M. A. Ross, P. D. Jerkins

Reports

This volume contains documentation of the calibration and verification (validation) of the hydraulic and water quality models used in the wasteload allocation study (WLA) of Tampa Bay, Florida. The first two volumes in this series contain the derivation and theory behind the mathematical formulation and solution techniques. The study was performed for the Florida Department of Environmental Regulation (FDER) by the University of South Florida (USF). The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of alternate discharge loading on the water quality of Tampa Bay.

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Results Of Phytoplankton Bioassay Experiments, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers Jun 1983

Results Of Phytoplankton Bioassay Experiments, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

The phytoplankton enclosure system described in the March 31, 1981 report to the DER was utilized in twelve bioessay experiments of natural phytoplankton communities. The system has been utilized for numerous calibration experiments. These experiments have led to the following modifications of the system described in the March 31, 1981 report.

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Bathymetric Prediction From Seasat Altimeter Data, Timothy H. Dixon, M. Naraghi, M. K. Mcnutt, S. M. Smith Feb 1983

Bathymetric Prediction From Seasat Altimeter Data, Timothy H. Dixon, M. Naraghi, M. K. Mcnutt, S. M. Smith

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The linear response function technique is used to analyze two 1300-km tracks of SEASAT altimeter data and corresponding bathymetry in the Musician Seamounts region north of Hawaii. Bathymetry and geoid height are highly correlated in the 50- to 300-km wavelength range. A predictive filter is developed which can operate on SEASAT altimetry in poorly surveyed oceanic regions to indicate the presence of major bathymétrie anomalies. Modeling of the bathymetry-geoid correlation in the Musician region is attempted using the elastic plate model. The flexural rigidity D of the plate is not well constrained by our data but appears to lie in …

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Classification Of Pseudokarst Forms In Czechoslovakia, Jan Vitek Jan 1983

Classification Of Pseudokarst Forms In Czechoslovakia, Jan Vitek

International Journal of Speleology

The paper is a geomorphological classification of pseudokarst forms in Czechoslovakia/Bohemien Massif and the Carpathians. In the author’s opinion, forms occurring in non-carbonate rocks, are morphologically and often genetically analogous to the forms of karst relief, and are pseudokarst phenomena. They are divided according to their size into macroforms in sandstone morphostructures of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin some types of rocky valleys, water-shed plains and ridges, forming rock cities in some places, mesoforms with six types of caves, sinkholes, rock perforations and several rock phenomena and microforms such as weather pits and niches, lapies, etc.. The most prominent pseudokarst phenomena …

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Secondary Origin Of The Radial Fabric In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton Jan 1983

Secondary Origin Of The Radial Fabric In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton

International Journal of Speleology

The growth surfaces of most stalactites are interpreted as numerous syntaxial overgrowth crystallites. These coalesce immediately behind the growth surface, often trapping portions of the water film as fluid-filled cavities. The fluid inclusions represent former inter-crystallite spaces and characterize the widely misinterpreted “growth ring”. Complete crystallite coalescence generates inclusions-free calcite, whereas inhibition of lateral coalescence of the overgrowth crystallites generates layers of acicular calcite. It is generally only during periods of cave flooding that the crystallites merge and overgrow each other and precipitation eventually occurs upon large, planar crystal faces. Stalactitic carbonate growth is secondary, from a multi-crystalline precursor that …

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Problemas De Fugas A Través Del Karst En La Presa De Tous (España) (Análisis Estructural, Previsión Del Comportamiento Y Recomendeciones), Adolfo Eraso, José Vicente Navarro, Felix Parra, Julia Saint-Aubin, Consuelo Valdes, Juan Pablo Cano, Jésus Ribelles, Joaquin Del Val, Fernando Bermejo Jan 1983

Problemas De Fugas A Través Del Karst En La Presa De Tous (España) (Análisis Estructural, Previsión Del Comportamiento Y Recomendeciones), Adolfo Eraso, José Vicente Navarro, Felix Parra, Julia Saint-Aubin, Consuelo Valdes, Juan Pablo Cano, Jésus Ribelles, Joaquin Del Val, Fernando Bermejo

International Journal of Speleology

In the present work, the problems of leakages happened in Tous’s dam (Valencia-Spain) are studied. Tous’s dam is built on karstic terrains with the existence of caverns and strike-slip faults that at the same time become karstic. In this study the techniques of structural geology are applied, so, we deduct the karstic drainage directions, by using determined hypothesis of work. The confirmation of these hypotheses in the course of our fieldwork has permitted to quantify the probability of those leakages for each direction we found. This circumstance has permitted to foretell the places where it would be possible to expect …

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Lattice Deformation And Curvature In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton Jan 1983

Lattice Deformation And Curvature In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton

International Journal of Speleology

The cause of lattice curvature is related to the nature of growth on a curved surface, peculiar to stalactites and stalagmites. Lattice curvature in stalactitic carbonate results from the coalescence of sub-parallel to divergent syntaxial overgrowth crystallites on the growing surface of stalactites and stalagmites. Moderate lattice mismatch results in an undulose extinction, or subcrystal domains, whereas more divergent growth favours marked lattice curvature recognized by its optical brush-extinction. Extreme lattice mismatch between the precursor crystallites results a columnar crystal boundary instead of lattice curvature.

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On The Wad-Minerals From The Cavern Environment, Naruhiko Kashima Jan 1983

On The Wad-Minerals From The Cavern Environment, Naruhiko Kashima

International Journal of Speleology

The wad-minerals from limestone caves of Yugoslavia, China and Japan were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed five minerals; birnessite, 10A-manganite, pyrolusite, todorokite and goethite. The heavy metal elements, Mn, Zn, Fe and Cr have been detected by X-ray fluorescence analysis and their contents were roughly determined. The condensation water introduced directly from the covering soils formed by the continental weathering and the deriving corrosive water interaction with limestone could be the input sources of manganese and other metal elements into the system.

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Environmental Implications Of Competitive Growth Fabrics In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton Jan 1983

Environmental Implications Of Competitive Growth Fabrics In Stalactitic Carbonate, Paul L. Broughton

International Journal of Speleology

Competitive growth fabrics in stalactitic carbonate are not as widespread as commonly supposed. Most radial columnar crystals are attributed to the coalescence of a precursor crystallite mosaic comprised of syntaxial overgrowths. This secondary fabric is the consequence of carbonate precipitation from a thin water film. Competitive growth, however, is much rarer and arises from two contrasting environments: an influx of detritus interrupting carbonate precipitation, and cave flooding. Thick layers of impurities favour deposition of randomly oriented seed crystals on the growth surface. These result in competitive growth centres when the renewal of carbonate precipitation fails to have crystallographic allegience to …

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Paramexiweckelia, A New Genus Of Subterranean Amphipod Crustacean (Hadziidae) From Northern Mexico, John R. Holsinger Jan 1982

Paramexiweckelia, A New Genus Of Subterranean Amphipod Crustacean (Hadziidae) From Northern Mexico, John R. Holsinger

International Journal of Speleology

Paramexiweckelia, new genus, is described from a groundwater outlet in Cohauila, Mexico. The type-species, by monotypy, is Mexiweckelia particeps Holsinger. Based on the number of its plesiomorphic (ancestral) characters, this genus is the most primitive member of the family Hadziidae from the North American mainland.

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Effets Des Informations Chimiques Provenant D'Un Milieu Habité Par Des Congénères Sur I'Orientation Topographique Du Poisson Cavernicole Phreatichthys Andruzzii Vinciguerra (Pisces, Cyprinidae), R. Berti, G. Thinès, B. Lefèvre Jan 1982

Effets Des Informations Chimiques Provenant D'Un Milieu Habité Par Des Congénères Sur I'Orientation Topographique Du Poisson Cavernicole Phreatichthys Andruzzii Vinciguerra (Pisces, Cyprinidae), R. Berti, G. Thinès, B. Lefèvre

International Journal of Speleology

Two series of experiments were performed on the oriented locomotor responses of 27 specimens of the blind cave fish Phreatichthys andruzzii from Somalia using a three-compartment choice apparatus. The oriented responses were observed individually from the central compartment towards either of the extreme ones. In one of them, 500 ml water were introduced from either the tank in which the test fish had previously resided with conspecifics (1st series, 46 experiments) or from another tank occupied by unknown conspecifics, the other compartment receiving an equivalent volume of pure water. The two series were performed in random blocks of 6 experiments, …

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Primary Production In Tampa Bay, Florida: A Review, J.O. R. Johansson Jan 1982

Primary Production In Tampa Bay, Florida: A Review, J.O. R. Johansson

Reports

Primary production data for Tampa Bay is very limited. The phytoplankton component has received the greatest study effort; however, even knowledge of this group is limited and biased by the lack of area-wide and long-term studies, and the use of questionable methodologies. This review will summarize historical primary production data; discuss methodologies and their shortcomings; outline future research needs for understanding the carbon cycle of the Tampa Bay system; and discuss the carbon cycle in relation to trophic dynamics.

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Sur Une Nouvelle Espèce Cavernicole Du Genre Cyathura (Isopoda, Anthuridae), (Résultats Zoologiques De La Mission Spéléologique Britannique En Papouasie-Nouvelle Guinée, 1975, 7), Stoitze Andreev Jan 1982

Sur Une Nouvelle Espèce Cavernicole Du Genre Cyathura (Isopoda, Anthuridae), (Résultats Zoologiques De La Mission Spéléologique Britannique En Papouasie-Nouvelle Guinée, 1975, 7), Stoitze Andreev

International Journal of Speleology

The present paper deals with the description of a new species of the genus Cyathura - C. beroni n.sp. - discovered in the caves in Papua New Guinea.

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Lamtobathynella Pentodonta N.G., N.Sp., Leptobathynellidé Nouveau D'Afrique (Côte D'Lvoire) (Malacostraca, Bathynellacea), Eugène Serban, Nicole Coineau Jan 1982

Lamtobathynella Pentodonta N.G., N.Sp., Leptobathynellidé Nouveau D'Afrique (Côte D'Lvoire) (Malacostraca, Bathynellacea), Eugène Serban, Nicole Coineau

International Journal of Speleology

Lamtobathynella pentodonta n.g., n.sp. is described. We consider then its relations with the genus Leptobathynella and Parvulobathynella. Some observations about the most characteristic features of The VIIIth male pereiopods are made. This study ends with a discussion concerning the differences between Lamtobathynella pentodonta n.g., n.sp. and Acanthobathynella knoepffleri Coineau.

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Stenasellus Chapmani N. Sp. Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines De Bornéo (Sarawak), Guy Magniez Jan 1982

Stenasellus Chapmani N. Sp. Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines De Bornéo (Sarawak), Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

The females of a new species of Stenasellidae have been discovered in Snake Cave (= Gua Siput), in Sarawak, 4th Division, Malaysia (Gunong Mulu National Park, Borneo Island), by Mr. Philip Chapman, of Bristol, U.K., during an expedition of the Royal Geographical Society. The females of another larger species were known previously from several Cambodian caves. This suggests the existence of a general distribution of this family in the underground waters of the Peninsula and of the large Islands of the Indochinese Platform. Nevertheless, we must wait for the discovery of the males of these species to study their relationships, …

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Observations On The Biology Of Cave Planarians Of The United States, Jerry H. Carpenter Jan 1982

Observations On The Biology Of Cave Planarians Of The United States, Jerry H. Carpenter

International Journal of Speleology

Observations are made on the biology of several species of cave planarians (mostly of the family Kenkiidae) collected alive from over 50 caves in 14 states. Most of these species were maintained in laboratory cultures at 12°C±3°C. Food eaten was extremely variable. Functions of the anterior adhesive organ included food capture, locomotion, defence against predators, and probably chemoreception, mechanoreception, and as a holdfast in strong currents. Predators probably consist of fishes, crayfishes, and salamanders. Sporozoan and ciliated parasites were found occasionally. Cocoons were found in winter, spring, and summer; they hatched in about 3 months and contained 2 to 17 …

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A Contribution To The Knowledge Of The Invertebrate Cave Faunas Of Venezuela: Invertebrate Faunas Of Tropical American Caves, Part 4, Stewart B. Peck Jan 1982

A Contribution To The Knowledge Of The Invertebrate Cave Faunas Of Venezuela: Invertebrate Faunas Of Tropical American Caves, Part 4, Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

The invertebrate faunas of four caves in northern Venezuela were studied. Three were dry and one was a wet cave; but guano provided the base of the food chain in all four caves. The faunas in each were strikingly different. Of 24 non-accidental species of arthropods, all were judged to be troglophiles. All were scavengers except for 5 predators, one ectoparasite, and one parasitoid.

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Variation Among Populations Of The Troglobitic Amphipod Crustacean Crangonyx Antennatus Packard (Crangonyctidae) Living In Different Habitats Ii. Population Distribution, Gary W. Dickson Jan 1982

Variation Among Populations Of The Troglobitic Amphipod Crustacean Crangonyx Antennatus Packard (Crangonyctidae) Living In Different Habitats Ii. Population Distribution, Gary W. Dickson

International Journal of Speleology

Population densities and factors affecting the distribution of the troglobitic (i.e., obligatory cavernicole) amphipod Crangonyx antennatus were examined in two distinct aquatic habitats. Observations were made seasonally for one year in six Lee Co., Virginia (U.S.A.) caves, three with mud-bottom pools and three with gravel-bottom streams. Pool habitats were found to contain greater C. antennatus densities than stream habitats, while the highest seasonal densities were recorded in August. Availability of food is considered to be the major factor allowing these increased population densities. The population distribution of C. antennatus was not found to be related to current velocity, water depth, …

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Absolute Population Censuses Of Cave-Dwelling Crickets: Congruence Between Mark-Recapture And Plot Density Estimates, Gianmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Valerio Sbordoni Jan 1982

Absolute Population Censuses Of Cave-Dwelling Crickets: Congruence Between Mark-Recapture And Plot Density Estimates, Gianmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

The absolute size, N, of a Dolichopoda geniculata population was estimated both by the Lincoln-Petersen index and the total count on sample plot methods in a natural cave in Central Italy. 19 pairs of estimates, obtained over 2 years, exhibit a seasonal pattern and a mean value of N ≈ 430. Differences between estimates obtained with the 2 methods are not significant (P > 0.8). These results, and data from the literature enable most of the major factors influencing the two types of estimates to be identified. Respective cases where methods may be preferably applied are suggested.

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Three Groundwater Candoninae (Ostracoda) From Romania, Dan L. Danielopol Jan 1982

Three Groundwater Candoninae (Ostracoda) From Romania, Dan L. Danielopol

International Journal of Speleology

Description of Mixtcandona botosaneanu, Mixtacandona loffleri and Phreatocandona motasi, are presented. The first two species belong to the group laisi-chappuisi and have been found in porous and karstic aquifers in Southwest Romania in or near the Lower Danube Valley. Phreatocandona motasi occurs in a porous aquifer in the Olt Valley, at Jiblea, near Calimanesti. Biogeographical information on the present distribution of the Mixtacandona of the group laisi-chappuisi and on the subterranean Candoninae from the Lower Danube Valley in Romania is given.

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Final Report Of The Hillsborough Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers Mar 1981

Final Report Of The Hillsborough Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

The report presented here is the final communication of data collected during the first year and a half of plant operation at variance standards. In addition, earlier data collected by the City of Tampa are also presented in this report in order to give background information of conditions existing prior to operation under the variance (Appendix C). The earlier data may also describe long term trends and normal seasonal cycles occurring in the bay.

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Continuous Flow Nutrient Bioassays With Natural Phytoplankton Populations Collected In Hillsborough Bay, Florida, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers Mar 1981

Continuous Flow Nutrient Bioassays With Natural Phytoplankton Populations Collected In Hillsborough Bay, Florida, City Of Tampa Department Of Sanitary Sewers

Reports

The enclosure system chosen for these experiments was continuous and similar to one described by Jones, Tett, Wallis, and Wood (1978a sn b). They successfully maintained for 41 days in the laboratory, with reasonable constant diversity, a natural phytoplankton community from a Scottish Sea-loch.

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International Symposium On Groundwater Biology: Introduction, John R. Holsinger, Arthur L. Buikema Jr. Jan 1981

International Symposium On Groundwater Biology: Introduction, John R. Holsinger, Arthur L. Buikema Jr.

International Journal of Speleology

Short presentation of the Symposium on Groundwater.

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Genetic Population Structure In An Amphipod Species, James L. Gooch, S. W. Golladay Jan 1981

Genetic Population Structure In An Amphipod Species, James L. Gooch, S. W. Golladay

International Journal of Speleology

Genetic structure of a species should conform, in part, to environmental structure. Three polymorphic enzyme loci in the amphipod Gammarus minus Say are geographically differentiated in gene frequencies in the mid-Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, and genetic breaks usually coincide with topographical features and stream divides. Considering alleles as migrational markers, it is expected that heterozygosity would decrease upstream in isolated drainage basins, increase in the headwaters of adjacent but oppositely flowing streams in which gene exchange was occurring between genetically differentiated populations, and increase in sites near regional master streams. These genetic patterns were found to exist …

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Perspectives In The Study Of The Zoogeography Of Interstitial Crustacea: Bathynellacea (Syncarida) And Parastenocarididae (Copepoda), Horst Kurt Schminke Jan 1981

Perspectives In The Study Of The Zoogeography Of Interstitial Crustacea: Bathynellacea (Syncarida) And Parastenocarididae (Copepoda), Horst Kurt Schminke

International Journal of Speleology

Aspects of the zoogeography of Bathynellacea and Parastenocarididae are discussed in the light of my recent investigations. Parastenocarididae in Australia are rare and not very diverse in number of species. Four species belonging to three genera were collected on a tour through Australia in 1968. Despite relationships to species from other Gondwanian landmasses the poorness of the Australian fauna, together with the apparent ability of this family to spread over longer distances, suggest a late arrival of Parastenocarididae in Australia. Invasion is likely to have taken place from two directions. As for the Bathynellacea, the relationships presumed to exist between …

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The Edwards Aquifer: Earth's Most Diverse Groundwater Ecosystem?, Glenn Longley Jan 1981

The Edwards Aquifer: Earth's Most Diverse Groundwater Ecosystem?, Glenn Longley

International Journal of Speleology

Recent studies on the Edwards Aquifer, a karstic formed cavernous system in Texas, indicate an extremely diverse community of aquatic troglobites. Sampling of wells and springs is providing new insight into the dynamics of this fascinating system, which is possibly the most diverse subterranean aquatic ecosystem known in the world today.

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