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Articles 3811 - 3840 of 3859

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Haptolana Trichostoma, A New Genus And Species Of Troglobitic Cirolanid Isopod From Cuba, Thomas E. Bowman Jan 1966

Haptolana Trichostoma, A New Genus And Species Of Troglobitic Cirolanid Isopod From Cuba, Thomas E. Bowman

International Journal of Speleology

Haptolana trichostoma, described from 2 specimens collected in a cave in Camaguey Province, Cuba, is distinguished especially by the expanded peduncle of antenna 1, the posteriorly directed mandibular palp, and in having all 7 pereopods prehensile. This is the second recorded occurrence of a troglohitic cirolanid in Cuba and the eighth species reported from the Western Hemisphere.

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Calcite-Aragonite Speleothems From A Hand-Dug Cave In Northeast Kansas, Frederic R. Siegel, Wakefield Dort Jr. Jan 1966

Calcite-Aragonite Speleothems From A Hand-Dug Cave In Northeast Kansas, Frederic R. Siegel, Wakefield Dort Jr.

International Journal of Speleology

Speleothems in the form of stalactites, linear stalactitic growths, flowstone, and crusts, from a hand-dug cave in Northeast Kansas (Sec. 2 NENW, T2S, R22E) are composed of calcite and aragonite. If the estimated age of the cave is correct, i.e., 150 to 200 years old, the stalactites have grown at a maximum rate of 0.20 to 0.15 millimetres per year along their vertical axes. All of the speleothems examined contain about one percent strontium (based on qualitative emission spectrograph analyses). Rate of supply and evaporation of the vadose waters may dictate whether aragonite or calcite is the polymorph that precipitates …

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Pelodrilus Bureschi Mich. 1924 (Oligochaeta Haplotaxidae Dans Les Grottes Du Banat (Roumanie), Francise Botea, Lazare Botoşaneanu Jan 1966

Pelodrilus Bureschi Mich. 1924 (Oligochaeta Haplotaxidae Dans Les Grottes Du Banat (Roumanie), Francise Botea, Lazare Botoşaneanu

International Journal of Speleology

Pelodrilus bureschi Mich., one of two species of limicolous oligochaetes strictly confined to a subterranean environment and previously known from several caves in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, was recently found in three caves in the Banat Mountains, Romania. Examination of sexually mature worms showed that they are within the range of variability of P. bureschi and that there is no reason to describe a form peculiar to the caves of Banat. Pelodrilus has almost always been found in the mud or clay covering the bottom of pools of variable size, which are filled by periodic flooding of underground water courses. The …

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Eine Neue Niphargus-Art (Gammaridae, Amphipoda) Aus Bulgarien, Stoitze Andreev Jan 1966

Eine Neue Niphargus-Art (Gammaridae, Amphipoda) Aus Bulgarien, Stoitze Andreev

International Journal of Speleology

The author describes a new species, Niphargus toplicensis n. sp., of the spring «Toplitzata» near the village of Mussomischta (district of Goze Delcev). N. toplicensis n. sp. Is closely related to N. aquilex moldacicus Dobreanu, Manolache and Puscariu, 1953, N. smederevanus Karaman, 1950, N. anatolicus Karaman, 1950, N. pancici Karaman, 1929, N. pancici clkanovi Karaman, 1959 but differs for several characters (a greater number of setae on the internal lobe of maxilla I, the coxal plates longer than their width, different armour of the telson and of the uropods I etc.).

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The Geographical Distribution Of Australian Cave-Dwelling Chiroptera, E. Hamilton-Smith Jan 1966

The Geographical Distribution Of Australian Cave-Dwelling Chiroptera, E. Hamilton-Smith

International Journal of Speleology

Of the 56 species of bats currently recorded from Australia, 22 are known to occur in caves. The geographical distribution of each of these species is detailed, and from this data, the species are divided into four groups according to their pattern of distribution. Group I comprises those species found only North of 18°S latitude, all of which either also occur in New Guinea or are closely related to New Guinea species. Group II, including both endemic Australian genera, occurs over that area North of 28°S latitude. This area largely comprises desert or semi-desert terrain, with its characteristics of low …

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Three New Species Of Cymbella From Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Sam L. Van Landingham Jan 1966

Three New Species Of Cymbella From Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Sam L. Van Landingham

International Journal of Speleology

During an investigation of the diatom flora of Mammoth Cave, Kentucky three Cymbella species were noted which could not be identified with any yet described forms. This paper contains a taxonomic description of the three new species: Cymbella clausii, Cymbella gerloffii, Cymbella hohnii. A common feature of all three species is the rather broad central area which may have been the result of a special adaptation to the cave environment.

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Contribution À La Systématique Des Stenasellinae D'Afrique (Crustacés, Asellotes), Guy Magniez Jan 1966

Contribution À La Systématique Des Stenasellinae D'Afrique (Crustacés, Asellotes), Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

From 1897 to 1962, many species have been described as belonging to the genus Stenasellus Dollfus. Among all these the forms from Central Africa and one of Western Africa are not conform to the generic description of Racovitza 1924 obliging us to institute two new genera, Metastenasellus and Parastenasellus. The archaeic Asellota belong to the genus Stenasellus Dollfus, Johannella Monod, Metastenasellus nov.gen. and Parastenasellus nov. gen. are thus grouped in a sub family of Stenasellinae and the relationship between the different groups has still to be explained.

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Hurleya Kalamundae N.G.N.Sp. (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) From Subterranean Waters Of Western Australia, Milan Straškraba Jan 1966

Hurleya Kalamundae N.G.N.Sp. (Amphipoda, Gammaridae) From Subterranean Waters Of Western Australia, Milan Straškraba

International Journal of Speleology

A new genus and species of freshwater Gammaridae (Amphipoda) from subterranean waters of Western Australia is described, Hurleya kalamundae n. g. n. sp. The genus apparently represents an aberrant line of the Crangonyx group of Gammaridae.

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Ephemeropteren Und Plecopteren Aus Bulgarischen Höhlen, Boris K. Russev Jan 1966

Ephemeropteren Und Plecopteren Aus Bulgarischen Höhlen, Boris K. Russev

International Journal of Speleology

The mayfly Ecdyonurus venosus (Fabr.) and the stonefly Perla marginata bureschi (Schoenemund) have been previously recorded from Bulgarian caves. The author has found the following additional species in the material collected by his colleagues in Bulgarian caves: Ephemeroptera - Habroleptoides modesta (Hagen), Paraleptophlebia tumida Bengtss. and Paraleptophlebia sp.; Plecoptera - Nemoura sp. and Dinocras cephalotes (Curtis). All these species are trogloxenes.

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A Preliminary Study On The Effects Of Organic Pollution Of Banners Corner Cave, Virginia, John R. Holsinger Jan 1966

A Preliminary Study On The Effects Of Organic Pollution Of Banners Corner Cave, Virginia, John R. Holsinger

International Journal of Speleology

Four pools were observed in Banners Corner Cave, Russell County, Virginia, over a 28 month period from November 1961 to February 1964. Three of these pools were visibly polluted with sewage which had seeped into the cave from septic tanks located on the hill above. All four of these pools, at one time or another during the study, contained large populations of planarians, Phagocata subterranea Hyman and isopods, Asellus recurvatus Steeves. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses of the pool waters indicated that oxygen tension is a low as 2.8 mg./l. in one pool and that coliforms and other forms of bacteria …

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Östliche Gruppe Der Monolistrini (Crust., Isoopoda): Ii.Biologischer Teil, Boris Sket Jan 1965

Östliche Gruppe Der Monolistrini (Crust., Isoopoda): Ii.Biologischer Teil, Boris Sket

International Journal of Speleology

Following the first systematic part, in this paper the author describes the biological observations made on these Isopod Crustaceans of underground waters. The different sexual characters of the particular groups and the related differences in the behaviour before copulation are described. During the embryonic and larval development small differences between sub-genus are reported. To the differences in Caecospaeroma (according to Daum) the first and second “mancastadium” and another “postmanca stadium” with pereiopods VII not wholly formed have to be added. The author describes the growth of the different parts of the corps and the extremities, comprising the sexual characters.

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Subterranean Occurrence Of Anaspides Tasmaniae (Thomson) (Crustacea, Syncarida), W. D. Williams Jan 1965

Subterranean Occurrence Of Anaspides Tasmaniae (Thomson) (Crustacea, Syncarida), W. D. Williams

International Journal of Speleology

Anaspides tasmaniae is recorded from a subterranean habitat for the first time. The only difference noted from surface forms was the smaller amount of pigment present.

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La Présence De Bogidiella Albertimagni Hertzog 1933 En Roumanie Et Quelques Remarques Sur Les Espèces Européennes Du Genre, Dan Dancau, Eugène Serban Jan 1965

La Présence De Bogidiella Albertimagni Hertzog 1933 En Roumanie Et Quelques Remarques Sur Les Espèces Européennes Du Genre, Dan Dancau, Eugène Serban

International Journal of Speleology

Studying several Bogidiella individuals collected from the phreatic biotope of Cerna Valley (Oltenia region) using Karaman-Chappuis method, authors announce the presence of Bogidiella albertimagni Hertzog in Romania. After a description of the studied individuals, the authors talk about some problems concerning the taxonomic value of B. albertimagni and B. skopljensis Karaman (this second species being formerly known in Romania) and the validity of B. denticulata Mestrov described from Yugoslavia.

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Notes Sur Les Coleopteres Cavernicoles De Bulgarie. V. Balcanobius Etropolensis Gen.N.; Sp.N. - Nouveau Bathysciinae Cavernicole Du Groupe Des Brachyscapes (Catopidae, Coleoptera), Vassil B. Gueorguiev Jan 1965

Notes Sur Les Coleopteres Cavernicoles De Bulgarie. V. Balcanobius Etropolensis Gen.N.; Sp.N. - Nouveau Bathysciinae Cavernicole Du Groupe Des Brachyscapes (Catopidae, Coleoptera), Vassil B. Gueorguiev

International Journal of Speleology

Three caves of the central part of the Bulgarian Balkan (Stara planina, close to the village of Etropolé) host cavernicolous beetles of the subfamily Bathysciinae (family of Catopidae) that constitute a new genus of the Brachyscapes group. In this paper the diagnosis of this new troglobe genus together with the description of the type species Balcanobius etropolensis, gen.n., sp.n. are given. The new genus is then inserted in the dichotomic table as defined by R. Jeannel, placing it close to the other two Yugoslavian genus Parapropus and Spelaeodromus.

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Sur Les Confluences Souterraines, Marcian Bleahu Jan 1965

Sur Les Confluences Souterraines, Marcian Bleahu

International Journal of Speleology

The development of a subterranean drainage system depends on the way in which subterranean confluences between different rivers can be formed. Different from surface, in which confluences are determined by processes related to the surface runoff of water, in subterranean karst confluences have a random pattern and are related to certain circumstances independent of the underground flow. These conditions are: pre-existence of circulation ways and the way they are distributed in space. At these the peculiar processes of subterranean karst flow determined by the flow under pressure, the only one that can explain the systematic appearance of confluences, have to …

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Preliminary Note On The Algae Of Crystal Cave, Kentucky, J. P. Nagy Jan 1965

Preliminary Note On The Algae Of Crystal Cave, Kentucky, J. P. Nagy

International Journal of Speleology

Collections of a preliminary type carried out in Crystal Cave, Kentucky, resulted in the identification of seven algal taxa. A Chamaesiphon (Dermocarpales) and an Asterocytis (Bangioidea) are reported for the first time from a speleo-environment. As no correlation could be found among the algae occurring in Crystal Cave and those of nearby Mammoth Cave the conclusion is reached that the cave algal floras do not originate from the algal vegetation of the surface but may have gotten into the caves at the time of the latter’s formation.

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Algological Investigations In Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, H. J. Jones Jan 1965

Algological Investigations In Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, H. J. Jones

International Journal of Speleology

Algological investigations carried out in the Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, revealed the presence of twenty-seven taxa representing all divisions of the Algae except the Pyrrhophyta and Phaeophyta; diatoms although observed in the samples were not dealt with in the present paper. One species, Oscillitoria clausiana spec. nov. and a form Lyngbya pusilla fa. tenuior fa. nov., both belonging to the Cyanophyta are new to science. In addition, several other rare and interesting algae were found. A comparison is made between the algal flora of the Mammoth Cave and algae found in several European caves. The ecology of the cavernicole algae is …

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Die Vertreter Der Gattung Spelaeodiscus Brusina 1886 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) In Jugoslawien, Jože Bole Jan 1965

Die Vertreter Der Gattung Spelaeodiscus Brusina 1886 (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) In Jugoslawien, Jože Bole

International Journal of Speleology

In Yugoslavia there are 5 species of the Genus Spelaeodiscus (Gastropoda, Pulmonata): Sp. hauffeni (F. Schmidt), Sp. triaria (Rossmàssler), Sp. albanicus (A. J. Wagner), Sp. unidentatus Bole and Sp. obodensis sp. n., decribed here. The anatomical researches on Sp. hauffeni (F. Schmidt) and Sp. unidentatus Bole have proved that they belong to the family of the Pupillidae and not to the one of the Valloniidae. This fact confirms the opinion of Hudec, according to whom the genus Spelaeodiscus belongs to the family of the Pupillidae.

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Die Pflanzenwelt Der Höhlen Bei Lillafüred, Klara Verseghy Jan 1965

Die Pflanzenwelt Der Höhlen Bei Lillafüred, Klara Verseghy

International Journal of Speleology

The vegetation of the Forràs and Istvàn caves at Lillafured in Hungary is composed of algae, micro- and macrofungi and mosses. The algae in both caves are represented by unicellular Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta with small species numbers. The macrofungi are Coprinus and Polyporacea spp. while it was impossible to identify the microfungi. The moss flora is richly developed and it can be supposed to represent a secondary vegetation at the artificially illuminated places of the caves. In Forràs cave 7, and in Istvàn cave 15 different mosses were found, only 3 of which proved to be common to both caves: …

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Daten Zur Kenntnis Der Algenflora Der Höhle Kölyuk Von Mánfa, George Claus Jan 1965

Daten Zur Kenntnis Der Algenflora Der Höhle Kölyuk Von Mánfa, George Claus

International Journal of Speleology

The Kolyuk cave lies in the southern part of Hungary in the Mecsek Mountains, about 3 km. in distance from the village of Mànfa. The material accepted for investigation originated from a recently discovered and until now completely entombed part of the cave. It was collected by the geologist Gàbor Magyari and consisted of material scraped from the walls and ceiling of a cavity in the cave, which could be reached only by underwater swimming. From these scrapings cultures were installed with sterile Knopp solution and after the algae present in the collection reproduced, a diversified flora developed which consisted …

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Les Chauves-Souris Cavernicoles De La Suisse, Villy Aellen Jan 1965

Les Chauves-Souris Cavernicoles De La Suisse, Villy Aellen

International Journal of Speleology

Bats, familiar to speleologists, play an important part in animal ecology in caves. Indirectly by their guano, they provide a source of food for numerous cave-dwelling animals and directly, by their own more or less constant presence. 26 species of bats are known from Switzerland, 15 of which occur in caves. Miniopterus schreibersi is considered the only true cave-dweller. The exact distribution of the rare species, including those occurring outside caves, is found in the text and is also indicated on the accompanying maps.

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Recherches Phréatobiologiques Ii: La Capture Des Niphargus Adultes Par Le Procéde Des Sondages Karaman-Chappuis. Les Crues Et La Biocenose De La Nappe Phréatique, Constantin Motas, Eugène Serban Jan 1965

Recherches Phréatobiologiques Ii: La Capture Des Niphargus Adultes Par Le Procéde Des Sondages Karaman-Chappuis. Les Crues Et La Biocenose De La Nappe Phréatique, Constantin Motas, Eugène Serban

International Journal of Speleology

The present note calls into question the opinion of different authors concerning the presence or lack of adult Niphargus near the phreatic table (superior layer of phreatic water) in zones prospected by Karaman-Chappuis method. Our investigations have proved the reason for which Niphargus adults were less frequent in the superior layer of the phreatic water is rather concerned with our investigation means - which are very approximate - than with the ecological or ethological requirements of these animals. The assertion that the phreatic fauna performs downward migrations during the floods must be considered as doubtful. During floods it is impossible …

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Grottes Du Banat (Roumanie) Explorées En 1963, Stefan Negrea, Alexandrina Negrea, V. Sencu, Lazare Botoşaneanu Jan 1965

Grottes Du Banat (Roumanie) Explorées En 1963, Stefan Negrea, Alexandrina Negrea, V. Sencu, Lazare Botoşaneanu

International Journal of Speleology

The paper contains the description of 23 natural or artificial underground cavities in the Banat mountains, grouped in karst zones. It is in all respects a continuation of a preceding volume (Botosaneanu, Negrea & Negrea,1963) on the caves of the Romanian Banat.

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Beiträge Zur Kenntnis Der Brunnenfauna Im Tal Des Flusses Bela Reca (Rumänien), Constantin Motas, Iosif Capuse Jan 1965

Beiträge Zur Kenntnis Der Brunnenfauna Im Tal Des Flusses Bela Reca (Rumänien), Constantin Motas, Iosif Capuse

International Journal of Speleology

After an introduction, comprising a historical summary on the researches on well fauna, a description of the study area in which 13 water wells have been investigated is given. The authors explain the adopted working method and indicate the physical and chemical characteristics of the waters (temperature, pH, alkalinity, hardness, O2-content, fixed residuum, suspended matter, N2O5, P2O5, NaCl, Ca, Fe). The fauna of the wells of Mehadia (see systematic part) is composed of 34 species: 1 Triclade, 3 Oligochaeta, 2 Gastropods, 5 Cladocera, 1 Ostracod, 3 Copepods, 4 Isopods, 2 …

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Faune Des Eaux Souterraines Saumâtres De L'Asie Centrale, J. A. Birstein, S. I. Ljovuschkin Jan 1965

Faune Des Eaux Souterraines Saumâtres De L'Asie Centrale, J. A. Birstein, S. I. Ljovuschkin

International Journal of Speleology

In the cave Kaptar-Khana (south-western Turkmenistan) was discovered a lake filled with water with a salinity of 11,68‰. This lake is inhabited by a fauna of marine origin - Foraminifera (three species), Molluscs (Pseudocaspia ljovuschkini sp.n.), Harpacticoida (genera Ectinosoma, Schizopera and Nitocra), Isopoda (Microcharon halophilus sp.n.) and possibly Nematoda (Oncholaimidae). The majority of the discovered species are related to species of circum-Mediterranean origin. Geological data do not permit to consider this fauna as a relict of any of the tertiary seas. The same applies to all other cases when animals of marine origin were discovered …

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Laboratory And Field Evidence For A Vadose Origin Of Foibe (Domepits), Max W. Reams Jan 1965

Laboratory And Field Evidence For A Vadose Origin Of Foibe (Domepits), Max W. Reams

International Journal of Speleology

Foiba (plural, foibe) is a term derived from the northeastern Italian karst region. The word is here suggested for use in preference to other terms referring to vertical cavities in soluble rocks. Foiba is defined as a cavity in relatively soluble rock which is natural, solutional, tends toward a cylindrical shape, and possesses walls which normally approach verticality. In laboratory experiments, limestone blocks were treated with dilute hydrochloric acid, and cavities resembling foibe were produced. Vertical walls developed only when a less soluble layer capped the limestone block or when the acid source was stationary, allowing acid to drip to …

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Karsthydrologische Forschungen In Den Höhlen Ungarns, Hubert Kessler Jan 1965

Karsthydrologische Forschungen In Den Höhlen Ungarns, Hubert Kessler

International Journal of Speleology

Although Hungary does not belong to the large Karst countries, extensive speleologic and karst-hydrologic investigations are carried out. On the one hand, Hungary owns one of the largest stalactite caves in the world, on the other hand the majority of raw materials and the connected industries are linked with Karst regions which pose particular water supply problems. The largest water supplying caves are in the North of Hungary. The best known cave is the Aggtelek cave with a length of 22 km, but there are numerous other, recently disclosed caves of a length of 1-5 km, which were discovered by …

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Diatoms From Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Sam L. Van Landingham Jan 1965

Diatoms From Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, Sam L. Van Landingham

International Journal of Speleology

Samples collected in Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, revealed the presence of a diversified but not too abundant diatom community in the cave. As the material was not subjected to culturing experiments but was investigated immediately after arrival, both in native and permanent preparations, it was possible to: 1. ascertain that the majority of the diatoms contained well developed, apparently healthy and functioning chloroplasts and 2. to get a rough estimate of the actual number of specimens present in a microhabitat. The identifications resulted in the recognition of 16 diatom taxa of which possibly 4 are new to science. Further studies are, …

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Contribution À L'Étude De La Biologie D'Asellus Cavaticus Leydig (Note Préliminaire), Jean-Paul Henry Jan 1965

Contribution À L'Étude De La Biologie D'Asellus Cavaticus Leydig (Note Préliminaire), Jean-Paul Henry

International Journal of Speleology

The cavernicole asellid Asellus cavaticus Leydig has been reared in our laboratory for more than twenty months, permitting us to give some data on the sexual cycle of this species. Females provided with brood pouches seem to be more numerous in the spring, as is the case with the subterranean amphipod Niphargus virei Chevreux. The average length of the incubation period seems much shorter than that of other troglobitic species such as Niphargus virei Chevreux or Caecosphaeroma burgundum Dollfus, so that the life cycle of our species is nearer to that of epigean Asellus. The number of young per …

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Contribution À L'Étude De Certains Lithobiidae (Chilopoda) Des Grottes De Roumanie, Stefan Negrea Jan 1965

Contribution À L'Étude De Certains Lithobiidae (Chilopoda) Des Grottes De Roumanie, Stefan Negrea

International Journal of Speleology

This paper comprises the ecological and zoogeographical data of 21 systematic units of Lithobiidae coming from 100 Romanian caves (Transylvania, Banat, Oltenie and Dobroudja). Initially the author describes in a summarising way the provenance of the studied material, after which he exposes for every species the results of observations carried out by several authors and by himself. Finally he formulates the conclusions concerning ecology and biogeography resulting from his observations. These data are summarised in a synoptic table in which three species can be considered troglobionts, two of which are blind; these are Harpolithobius oltenicus Negrea; Lithobius decapolitus Matic, Negrea …

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