Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Anomaly Detection Using Unsupervised Machine Learning Algorithms: A Simulation Study, Edmund F. Agyemang

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of five prominent unsupervised machine learning anomaly detection algorithms: One-Class Support Vector Machine (One-Class SVM), One-Class SVM with Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD), Isolation Forest (iForest), Local Outlier Factor (LOF), and Robust Covariance (Elliptic Envelope). Through systematic analysis on a synthetically simulated dataset, the study assessed each algorithm’s predictive performance using accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score specifically for outlier detection. The evaluation reveals that One-Class SVM, Isolation Forest, and Robust Covariance are more effective in identifying outliers in the synthetic simulated dataset, with Isolation Forest slightly outperforming the other algorithms in terms of balancing …

Algebraic Structures On Parallelizable Manifolds, Sergey Grigorian

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper we explore algebraic and geometric structures that arise on parallelizable manifolds. Given a parallelizable manifold L , there exists a global trivialization of the tangent bundle, which defines a map ρ p : l ⟶ T p L for each point p ∈ L , where l is some vector space. This allows us to define a particular class of vector fields, known as fundamental vector fields, that correspond to each element of l . Furthermore, flows of these vector fields give rise to a product between elements of l and L , which in turn induces …

The P -Adic Schrödinger Equation And The Two-Slit Experiment In Quantum Mechanics, Wilson A. Zuniga-Galindo

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

p-Adic quantum mechanics is constructed from the Dirac-von Neumann axioms identifying quantum states with square-integrable functions on the N-dimensional p-adic space, Q_{p}^{N}. This choice is equivalent to the hypothesis of the discreteness of the space. The time is assumed to be a real variable. p-Adic quantum mechanics is the response to the question: what happens with the standard quantum mechanics if the space has a discrete nature? The time evolution of a quantum state is controlled by a nonlocal Schrödinger equation obtained from a p-adic heat equation by a temporal Wick rotation. This p-adic heat equation describes a particle performing …

Computational And Experimental Data For Undoped And Er-Doped Lithium Tantalate Nanofluorescent Probes, Mkhitar A. Hobosyan, Andrea Pelayo Carvajal, Bhupendra B. Srivastava, Tamanna Zakia, Mohammed Jasim Uddin, Karen S. Martirosyan, Eric Rodriguez, Kofi Nketia Ackaah-Gyasi, Nicholas Dimakis

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The density functional theory (DFT) and experimental data presented in this paper refer to the research article “Computational and experimental study on undoped and Er-doped lithium tantalate nano fluorescent probes”. The DFT data contain electronic and optical properties for both LiTaO3 and LiTaO3:Er+3, with Er+3 occupying either Li or Ta sites at 4.167 mol. %. All these properties were calculated at the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) limit. Additionally, electronic information was calculated using the hybrid functional by Heyd, Scuseria, and Ernzerho (HSE06), which accurately predicts the location in energy for all Er-4f orbitals. We also include simulated X-ray near edge …

Search For Core Collapse Supernovae Signals In Ligo’S Third Observation Run Using A Network Of Gravitational Wave Detectors Integrated With A Multiclass Convolutional Neural Network, Shahrear Khan Faisal, Gaukhar Nurbek, Michael Benjamin, Bhawana Sedhai, Soma Mukherjee

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

In the existing body of literature, numerous waveforms of core collapse supernovae (CCSN) have emerged from extensive simulations conducted in high-performance computing facilities globally. These waveforms exhibit distinct characteristics related to their explosion mechanisms, influenced by parameters such as progenitor mass, angular momentum, gravitational wave energy, peak frequency, duration, and equation of state. Core collapse supernovae stand out as highly anticipated sources in LIGO’s fourth observation (O4) run, prompting dedicated efforts to detect them. The integration of machine learning, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNN), has become a pivotal avenue for analysis. This study addresses a fundamental query: how can a …

Revolutionizing Medical Education: Harnessing Ai To Cultivate Critical Thinking Skills, Alex Zuo, Anthony L. Alanis

Research Colloquium

In our study, we explore the integration of AI technologies and innovative teaching methodologies to enhance medical education. We examine the implementation of AI-driven tools, such as adaptive learning systems, virtual patient simulations, and AI-powered assessment methods, to promote critical thinking, problem-solving, and engagement among medical students. Faculty development workshops, online resources, and collaborative research projects are outlined as key strategies for fostering an environment of continuous learning and improvement. The research also delves into AI-generated imagery and open educational resources, highlighting their potential to enrich curricula and personalize learning experiences. By leveraging AI for data storytelling, medical educators can …

Toi–757 B: An Eccentric Transiting Mini–Neptune On A 17.5–D Orbit, A Alqasim, N Grieves, N M. Rosário, D Gandolfi, J H. Livingston, S Sousa, K A. Collins, J K. Teske, M Fridlund, Ryan J. Oelkers

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report the spectroscopic confirmation and fundamental properties of TOI 757 b, a mini Neptune on a 17.5 d orbit transiting a bright star (⁠ mag) discovered by the TESS mission. We acquired high precision radial velocity measurements with the HARPS, ESPRESSO, and PFS spectrographs to confirm the planet detection and determine its mass. We also acquired space borne transit photometry with the CHEOPS space telescope to place stronger constraints on the planet radius, supported with ground based LCOGT photometry. WASP and KELT photometry were used to help constrain the stellar rotation period. We also determined the fundamental parameters of …

Exact Solutions Of Stochastic Burgers–Korteweg De Vries Type Equation With Variable Coefficients, Kolade Adjibi, Allan Martinez, Miguel Mascorro, Carlos Montes, Tamer Oraby, Rita Sandoval, Erwin Suazo

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We will present exact solutions for three variations of the stochastic Korteweg de Vries–Burgers (KdV–Burgers) equation featuring variable coefficients. In each variant, white noise exhibits spatial uniformity, and the three categories include additive, multiplicative, and advection noise. Across all cases, the coefficients are time-dependent functions. Our discovery indicates that solving certain deterministic counterparts of KdV–Burgers equations and composing the solution with a solution of stochastic differential equations leads to the exact solution of the stochastic Korteweg de Vries–Burgers (KdV–Burgers) equations.

Optically Targeted Search For Gravitational Waves Emitted By Core-Collapse Supernovae During The Third Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Yanyan Zheng, Javier M. Antelis, Michael G. Benjamin, Marie-Anne Bizouard, Alejandro Casallas-Lagos, Pablo Cerda-Duran, Derek Davis, Dorota Gondek-Rosinska, Soma Mukherjee

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present the results from a search for gravitational-wave transients associated with core-collapse supernovae observed optically within 30 Mpc during the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. No gravitational wave associated with a core-collapse supernova has been identified. We then report the detection efficiency for a variety of possible gravitational-wave emissions. For neutrino-driven explosions, the distance at which we reach 50% detection efficiency is up to 8.9 kpc, while more energetic magnetorotationally driven explosions are detectable at larger distances. The distance reaches for selected models of the black hole formation, and quantum chromodynamics phase transition are also …

Microeukaryote Metabolism Across The Western North Atlantic Ocean Revealed Through Autonomous Underwater Profiling, Natalie R. Cohen, Arianna I. Krinos, Riss M. Kell, Rebecca J. Chmiel, Dawn M. Moran, Matthew R. Mcilvin, Paloma Z. Lopez, Brianna A. Alanis, Eric W. Chan, John A. Breier

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Microeukaryotes are key contributors to marine carbon cycling. Their physiology, ecology, and interactions with the chemical environment are poorly understood in offshore ecosystems, and especially in the deep ocean. Using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Clio, microbial communities along a 1050 km transect in the western North Atlantic Ocean were surveyed at 10–200 m vertical depth increments to capture metabolic signatures spanning oligotrophic, continental margin, and productive coastal ecosystems. Microeukaryotes were examined using a paired metatranscriptomic and metaproteomic approach. Here we show a diverse surface assemblage consisting of stramenopiles, dinoflagellates and ciliates represented in both the transcript and protein fractions, …

Waves In Cosmological Background With Static Schwarzschild Radius In The Expanding Universe, Karen Yagdjian

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper, we prove the existence of global in time small data solutions of semilinear Klein–Gordon equations in space-time with a static Schwarzschild radius in the expanding universe.

A Review Of Stable, Traversable Wormholes In F(R) Gravity Theories, Ramesh Radhakrishnan, Patrick Brown, Jacob Matulevich, Eric Davis, Delaram Mirfendereski, Gerald Cleaver

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

It has been proven that in standard Einstein gravity, exotic matter (i.e., matter violating the pointwise and averaged Weak and Null Energy Conditions) is required to stabilize traversable wormholes. Quantum field theory permits these violations due to the quantum coherent effects found in any quantum field. Even reasonable classical scalar fields violate the energy conditions. In the case of the Casimir effect and squeezed vacuum states, these violations have been experimentally proven. It is advantageous to investigate methods to minimize the use of exotic matter. One such area of interest is extended theories of Einstein gravity. It has been claimed …

Robust Hydropower Planning Balances Energy Generation, Carbon Emissions And Sediment Connectivity In The Mekong River Basin, M. Tangi, Rafael Schmitt, Rafael M. Almeida, S. Bossi, Alexander S. Flecker, F. Sala, A. Castelletti

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a framework for strategic dam planning under uncertainty, which includes GHG emissions mitigation as a novel objective. We focus on the Mekong River Basin, a fast‐developing region heavily relying on river‐derived ecosystem services. We employ a multi‐objective evolutionary algorithm to identify strategic dam portfolios for different hydropower expansion targets, using process‐related and statistical models to derive indicators of sediment supply disruption and GHG emissions. We introduce a robust optimization approach that explores variations in optimal portfolio compositions for more than 5,000 state‐of‐ the‐world configurations, regarding sediment origins and trapping and GHG emissions. Thus, we can rank dam projects' …

Observation Of Gravitational Waves From The Coalescence Of A 2.5–4.5 M⊙ Compact Object And A Neutron Star, A. Abac, R. Abbott, I. Abouelfettouh, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 M⊙ and 1.2–2.0 M⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 M⊙ at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find …

Increasing The Robustness Of Machine Learning By Adversarial Attacks, Gourab Mukhopadhyay

Theses and Dissertations

By perturbation or physical attacks any machine can be fooled into predicting something else other than the intended output. There are training data based on which the model is trained to predict unknown things. The objective was to create noises and shades of different levels on the images and do experiments for measuring accuracy and making the model classify the traffic signs. When it comes to adding shades to the pictures, pixels were modified for three different layers of the pictures. The experiment also shows that with the shadows getting deeper, the accuracies drop significantly. Here, some changes in pixels …

Nilpotent Global Centers Of Generalized Polynomial Kukles System With Degree Three, Hebai Chen, Zhaosheng Feng, Rui Zahg

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper, we study and characterize the nilpotent global centers of a generalized polynomial Kukles system with degree three. A sufficient and necessary condition of global centers is established under certain parametric conditions.

Answers To Frequently Asked Questions About The Pulsar Timing Array Hellings And Downs Curve, Joseph D. Romano, Bruce Allen

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We answer frequently asked questions (FAQs) about the Hellings and Downs correlation curve—the ‘smoking-gun’ signature that pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have detected gravitational waves (GWs). Many of these questions arise from inadvertently applying intuition about the effects of GWs on LIGO-like detectors to the case of pulsar timing, where not all of it applies. This is because Earth-based detectors, like LIGO and Virgo, have arms that are short (km scale) compared to the wavelengths of the GWs that they detect (≈102–104 km). In contrast, PTAs respond to GWs whose wavelengths (tens of light-years) are much shorter than their arms (a …

Personalized Driving Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning, Rodrigo J. Gonzalez Salinas

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis introduces an autonomous driving controller designed to replicate individual driving behaviors based on a provided demonstration. The controller employs Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) to formulate the reward function associated with the provided demonstration. IRL is implemented through a dual-feedback loop system. The inner loop utilizes Q-learning, a model-free reinforcement learning technique, to optimize the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation and derive an appropriate control solution. The outer loop leverages this derived control solution to generate parameters for the reward function, which are subsequently integrated into the HJB equation. The ultimate control policy is deduced from the final reward function obtained …

Variable Radio Emission Of Neutron Star X-Ray Binary Ser X–1 During Its Persistent Soft State, E. C. Pattie, Thomas J. Maccarone, Alexandra J. Tetarenko, James C. A. Miller-Jones, Manuel Pichardo Marcano, Liliana E. Rivera Sandoval

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ser X–1 is a low-mass neutron star X-ray binary and has been persistently accreting since its discovery in the 1960s. It has always been observed to be in a soft spectral state and has never showed substantial long-term X-ray variability. Ser X–1 has one previous radio observation in the literature in which radio emission was detected during this soft state, which is contrary to the behavior of black hole X-ray binaries. We have recently obtained 10 randomly sampled radio epochs of Ser X–1 in order to further investigate its anomalous soft-state radio emission. Out of 10 epochs, we find 8 …

The Arbitrariness Of Symmetry In Mathematical Proofs, Melisa Vivanco

Philosophy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Symmetry is not an inherent characteristic of mathematical proofs; instead, it is a property that arbitrarily manifests in different modes of presentation. This arbitrariness leads to the conclusion that symmetry cannot be part of the defining or essential properties that characterize proofs. Consequently, contrary to some authors’ claims, symmetry does not significantly contribute to the validity, accuracy, or soundness of mathematical proofs. What is more, it does not even play any critical role in heuristic aspects such as explanatory power. The examples developed in this paper constitute compelling evidence supporting these claims.

Road Mitigation Structures Designed For Texas Ocelots: Influence Of Structural Characteristics And Environmental Factors On Non-Target Wildlife Usage, Anna Rivera Roy, Kevin W. Ryer, Md. Saydur Rahman, John H. Young Jr., Richard J. Kline

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Roads negatively impact wildlife through habitat fragmentation, loss of habitat connectivity, and wildlife-vehicle collisions, thus road mitigation structures, such as wildlife crossing structures (WCS), wildlife guards (WG), and fencing are commonly used to address this issue all over the world, including in the United States. In South Texas, such structures were built or modified along a State Highway in an effort to address road mortality for the endangered ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) and non-target wildlife species. The goal of this study was to examine temporal changes in wildlife interactions with WCS and WG during and after their construction and …

Red Harvester Ant, Pogonomyrmex Barbatus, Nests Impact Soil Compaction But Not Temperature In Peri-Urban Habitats Of The Lower Rio Grande Valley, Geovanni Hernandez, Hannah J. Penn, Richard Cano, Lilly Victoria Elliott-Vidaurri, Robin A. Choudhury

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Ants are vital ecosystem engineers that can influence soil properties, subsequent soil processes, and associated biota via underground nest construction. Harvester ants consume seeds and are often found in arid areas. They frequently alter the soil chemistry and bulk density of the soils in and around their nest sites. Many species of harvester ants also intentionally remove vegetation around their nest openings, which creates cones or discs of bare soil that may further alter soil temperatures. However, much of the work to study the impacts of harvester ants on soil properties has occurred in shrubland and grassland settings rather than …

Future Climate Doubles The Risk Of Hydraulic Failure In A Wet Tropical Forest, Zachary Robbins, Jeffrey Chambers, Rutuja Chitra-Tarak, Bradley O. Christoffersen, L. Turin Dickman, Rosie Fisher, Alex Jonko, Ryan Knox, Charles Koven, Lara Kueppers

School of Integrative Biological and Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Summary

• Future climate presents conflicting implications for forest biomass. We evaluate how plant hydraulic traits, elevated CO2 levels, warming, and changes in precipitation affect forest primary productivity, evapotranspiration, and the risk of hydraulic failure.
• We used a dynamic vegetation model with plant hydrodynamics (FATES-HYDRO) to simulate the stand-level responses to future climate changes in a wet tropical forest in Barro Colorado Island, Panama. We calibrated the model by selecting plant trait assemblages that performed well against observations. These assemblages were run with temperature and precipitation changes for two greenhouse gas emission scenarios (2086–2100: SSP2-45, SSP5-85) and two CO2 levels (contemporary, …

Multi-Symplectic Method For The Two-Component Camassa–Holm (2ch) System, Xiaojian Xi, Weipeng Hu, Bo Tang, Pingwei Deng, Zhijun Qiao

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In this paper, the multi-symplectic formulations of the two-component Camassa–Holm system are presented. Both the multi-symplectic structure and two local conservation laws of the generalized two-component Camassa–Holm model are proposed for its first-order canonical form. Then, combining the Fourier pseudo-spectral method in the spatial domain with the midpoint method in the time dimension, the multi-symplectic Fourier pseudo-spectral scheme is constructed for the first-order canonical form. Meanwhile, the discrete scheme of the residuals of the multi-symplectic structure and two local conservation laws are also provided. By using the multi-symplectic Fourier pseudo-spectral scheme, the evolution of one- and two-soliton solutions for the …

Hierarchical Search Method For Gravitational Waves From Stellar-Mass Binary Black Holes In Noisy Space-Based Detector Data, Yao Fu, Yan Wang, Soumya D. Mohanty

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Future space-based laser interferometric detectors, such as LISA, will be able to detect gravitational waves (GWs) generated during the inspiral phase of stellar-mass binary black holes (SmBBHs). These detections contain a wealth of important information concerning astrophysical formation channels and fundamental physics constraints. However, the detection and characterization of GWs from SmBBHs poses a formidable data analysis challenge, arising from the large number of wave cycles that make the search extremely sensitive to mismatches in signal and template parameters in a likelihood-based approach. This makes the search for the maximum of the likelihood function over the signal parameter space an …

P-Adic Quantum Mechanics, The Dirac Equation, And The Violation Of Einstein Causality, Wilson A. Zuniga-Galindo

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

This article studies the breaking of the Lorentz symmetry at the Planck length in quantum mechanics. We use three-dimensional ℘-adic vectors as position variables, while the time remains a real number. In this setting, the Planck length is 1/℘, where ℘ is a prime number, and the Lorentz symmetry is naturally broken. In the framework of the Dirac-von Neumann formalism for quantum mechanics, we introduce a new ℘-adic Dirac equation that predicts the existence of particles and antiparticles and charge conjugation like the standard one. The discreteness of the ℘-adic space imposes substantial restrictions on the solutions of the new …

Agenda De Investigación Para El Manejo Sustentable Del Manglar En Tamaulipas, México [Research Agenda For The Sustainable Management Of Mangroves In Tamaulipas, Mexico], Carlos Zamora-Tovar, Alejandro Fierro-Cabo, Glenda Nelly Requena-Lara

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Se presenta un análisis de la información ecológica disponible sobre los manglares de Tamaulipas, México. El objetivo fue establecer una línea base de conocimiento que defina el estado del arte a partir de la información publicada; actualizar la estructura forestal con datos propios observados en el año 2018; y determinar una agenda de investigación prioritaria para el manejo sostenible del ecosistema de man-glar, ecosistema de vital importancia por la gran variedad de recursos y servicios ambientales que aporta a la sociedad. La investigación bibliográfica recopiló 32 trabajos relevantes: 16 publicaciones formales, siete ediciones institucionales y nueve consideradas literaturas gris; recopilación …

Valorization Of Seafood Waste For Food Packaging Development, Zhijing Zhan, Yiming Feng, Jikai Zhao, Mingyu Qiao, Qing Jin

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Packaging plays a crucial role in protecting food by providing excellent mechanical properties as well as effectively blocking water vapor, oxygen, oil, and other contaminants. The low degradation of widely used petroleum-based plastics leads to environmental pollution and poses health risks. This has drawn interest in renewable biopolymers as sustainable alternatives. The seafood industry generates significant waste that is rich in bioactive substances like chitin, chitosan, gelatins, and alginate, which can replace synthetic polymers in food packaging. Although biopolymers offer biodegradability, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, their films often lack mechanical and barrier properties compared with synthetic polymer films. This comprehensive review …

The Fishing Cat: New Insights On Distribution In The Northern Sector Of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Rupesh Maharjan, Rama Mishra, Jhamak Bahadur Karki

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus (Bennett, 1833) is an elusive and medium-sized feline species with distinguished marking patterns on their head and body separating them from other feline species. Despite being distributed widely among diverse geographic locations, their abundance has declined due to significant habitat loss and human disturbances. There exists a substantial research gap regarding their abundance and distribution in Nepal. In this article, we presented the updated documentation of the fishing cat distribution in the northern sector of Chitwan National Park through our species-focused camera trapping survey. The study was carried out between April and May 2021 with a …

Search For Gravitational-Lensing Signatures In The Full Third Observing Run Of The Ligo–Virgo Network, R. Abbott, H. Abe, F. Acernese, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Gaukhar Nurbek, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions to gravitational wave (GW) signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology, and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by (1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, (2) calculating the degree of overlap among the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, (3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms among pairs of …