Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

First Ecological Characterization Of Whip Black Coral Assemblages (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) In The Easter Island Ecoregion, Southeastern Pacific, Jan M. Tapia-Guerra, Cynthia M. Asorey, Erin E. Easton, Daniel Wagner, Matthias Gorny, Javier Sellanes

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

One of the main priorities of marine scientific research is to provide practical information and guidance for biodiversity conservation and management. In this context, the identification of key and fragile habitat-forming species is particularly important. Despite their ecological importance, whip corals in the order Antipatharia remain poorly studied around the world, and especially in the South Pacific. During recent expeditions to explore mesophotic and deep benthic habitats around Rapa Nui (Easter Island), dense assemblages of whip black corals were observed in situ. We here report the first detailed description of the distribution and abundance of these black coral assemblages …

Disentangling Diverse Responses To Climate Change Among Global Marine Ecosystem Models, Ryan F. Heneghan, Eric Galbraith, Julia L. Blanchard, Cheryl S. Harrison, Nicolas Barrier, Catherine Bulman, William Cheung, Marta Coli, Tyler D. Eddy, Maite Erauskin-Extramiana

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Climate change is warming the ocean and impacting lower trophic level (LTL) organisms. Marine ecosystem models can provide estimates of how these changes will propagate to larger animals and impact societal services such as fisheries, but at present these estimates vary widely. A better understanding of what drives this inter-model variation will improve our ability to project fisheries and other ecosystem services into the future, while also helping to identify uncertainties in process understanding. Here, we explore the mechanisms that underlie the diversity of responses to changes in temperature and LTLs in eight global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries …

Next-Generation Ensemble Projections Reveal Higher Climate Risks For Marine Ecosystems, Derek P. Tittensor, Camilla Novaglio, Cheryl S. Harrison, Ryan F. Heneghan, Nicolas Barrier, Daniele Bianchi, Laurent Bopp, Andrea Bryndum-Buchholz, Gregory L. Britten, Matthias Büchner

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Projections of climate change impacts on marine ecosystems have revealed long-term declines in global marine animal biomass and unevenly distributed impacts on fisheries. Here we apply an enhanced suite of global marine ecosystem models from the Fisheries and Marine Ecosystem Model Intercomparison Project (Fish-MIP), forced by new-generation Earth system model outputs from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), to provide insights into how projected climate change will affect future ocean ecosystems. Compared with the previous generation CMIP5-forced Fish-MIP ensemble, the new ensemble ecosystem simulations show a greater decline in mean global ocean animal biomass under both strong-mitigation …

Constraints From Ligo O3 Data On Gravitational-Wave Emission Due To R-Modes In The Glitching Pulsar Psr J0537–6910, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, Wenhui Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present a search for continuous gravitational-wave emission due to r-modes in the pulsar PSR J0537-6910 using data from the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration observing run O3. PSR J0537-6910 is a young energetic X-ray pulsar and is the most frequent glitcher known. The inter-glitch braking index of the pulsar suggests that gravitational-wave emission due to r-mode oscillations may play an important role in the spin evolution of this pulsar. Theoretical models confirm this possibility and predict emission at a level that can be probed by ground-based detectors. In order to explore this scenario, we search for r-mode emission in the epochs between …

Fundamental Solutions For The Dirac Equation In Curved Spacetime And Generalized Euler-Poisson-Darboux Equation, Karen Yagdjian, Anahit Galstian

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present the fundamental solutions for the spin-1/2 fields propagating in spacetimes with power type expansion/contraction and the fundamental solution of the Cauchy problem for the Dirac equation. The derivation of these fundamental solutions is based on formulas for the solutions to the generalized Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation, which are obtained by the integral transform approach.

Exploratory Data Mining Techniques (Decision Tree Models) For Examining The Impact Of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy For Tinnitus: Machine Learning Approach, Hansapani Rodrigo, Eldré W. Beukes, Gerhard Andersson, Vinaya Manchaiah

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: There is huge variability in the way that individuals with tinnitus respond to interventions. These experiential variations, together with a range of associated etiologies, contribute to tinnitus being a highly heterogeneous condition. Despite this heterogeneity, a “one size fits all” approach is taken when making management recommendations. Although there are various management approaches, not all are equally effective. Psychological approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy have the most evidence base. Managing tinnitus is challenging due to the significant variations in tinnitus experiences and treatment successes. Tailored interventions based on individual tinnitus profiles may improve outcomes. Predictive models of treatment …

All-Sky Search For Short Gravitational-Wave Bursts In The Third Advanced Ligo And Advanced Virgo Run, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wen Hui Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper presents the results of a search for generic short-duration gravitational-wave transients in data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Transients with durations of milliseconds to a few seconds in the 24–4096 Hz frequency band are targeted by the search, with no assumptions made regarding the incoming signal direction, polarization, or morphology. Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences that have been identified by other targeted analyses are detected, but no statistically significant evidence for other gravitational wave bursts is found. Sensitivities to a variety of signals are presented. These include updated upper limits on …

Technique To Solve Linear Fractional Differential Equations Using B-Polynomials Bases, Muhammad I. Bhatti, Md. Habibur Rahman

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

A multidimensional, modified, fractional-order B-polys technique was implemented for finding solutions of linear fractional-order partial differential equations. To calculate the results of the linear Fractional Partial Differential Equations (FPDE), the sum of the product of fractional B-polys and the coefficients was employed. Moreover, minimization of error in the coefficients was found by employing the Galerkin method. Before the Galerkin method was applied, the linear FPDE was transformed into an operational matrix equation that was inverted to provide the values of the unknown coefficients in the approximate solution. A valid multidimensional solution was determined when an appropriate number of basis sets …

Searches For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Young Supernova Remnants In The Early Third Observing Run Of Advanced Ligo And Virgo, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, Wenhui Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We present results of three wide-band directed searches for continuous gravitational waves from 15 young supernova remnants in the first half of the third Advanced LIGO and Virgo observing run. We use three search pipelines with distinct signal models and methods of identifying noise artifacts. Without ephemerides of these sources, the searches are conducted over a fRequency band spanning from 10 to 2 kHz. We find no evidence of continuous gravitational radiation from these sources. We set upper limits on the intrinsic signal strain at 95% confidence level in sample subbands, estimate the sensitivity in the full band, and derive …

Synthesis Of Alkylthio Benzene Derivatives Via Simultaneous Diazotization And Nucleophilic Displacement, Abraham Alvarado, Juan D. Deleija, Jose J. Gutierrez

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Alkylthio benzene derivatives were effectively synthesized by simultaneous diazotization of aromatic amines and nucleophilic displacement. The method is fairly general and proceeds in moderate yields. Product yields were comparable regardless of steric hindrance of the thiol or of the functional group present in the starting material. The newly developed procedure allowed for the incorporation of a tertiary alkylthio group, which cannot be easily introduced otherwise. The products were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.

Moving Conferences Online: Lessons Learned From An International Virtual Meeting, Paris V. Stefanoudis, Leann M. Biancani, Sergio Cambronero-Solano, Malcolm R. Clark, Jonathan T. Copley, Erin E. Easton, Franziska Elmer, Steven H. D. Haddock, Santiago Herrera, Ilysa S. Iglesias

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We consider the opportunities and challenges associated with organizing a conference online, using a case study of a medium-sized (approx. 400 participants) international conference held virtually in August 2020. In addition, we present quantifiable evidence of the participants’ experience using the results from an online post-conference questionnaire. Although the virtual meeting was not able to replicate the in-person experience in some aspects (e.g. less engagement between participants) the overwhelming majority of respondents found the meeting an enjoyable experience and would join similar events again. Notably, there was a strong desire for future inperson meetings to have at least some online …

A Drone-Based Survey For Large, Basking Freshwater Turtle Species, Amy P. Bogolin, Drew R. Davis, Richard Kline, Abdullah Rahman

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Conservation concerns are increasing for numerous freshwater turtle species, including Pseudemys gorzugi, which has led to a call for more research. However, traditional sampling methodologies are often time consuming, labor intensive, and invasive, restricting the amount of data that can be collected. Biases of traditional sampling methods can further impair the quality of the data collected, and these shortfalls may discourage their use. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, drones) for conducting wildlife surveys has recently demonstrated the potential to bridge gaps in data collection by offering a less labor intensive, minimally invasive, and more efficient process. Photographs and …

Asymmetric Localization Of Light By Second-Harmonic Generation, H. Ghaemi-Dizicheh, A. Targholizadeh, Bao-Feng Feng, Hamidreza Ramezani

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We introduce a nonlinear photonic system that enables asymmetric localization and unidirectional transfer of an electromagnetic wave through the second-harmonic generation process. Our proposed scattering setup consists of a noncentrosymmetric nonlinear slab with nonlinear susceptibility χ(2) placed to the left side of a one-dimensional periodic linear photonic crystal with an embedded defect. We engineered the linear lattice to allow the localization of a selected frequency 2ω⋆ while frequency ω⋆ is in the gap. Thus in our proposed scattering setup, a left-incident coherent transverse electric wave with frequency ω⋆ partially converts to frequency 2ω⋆ and becomes localized at the defect layer …

Towards Accurate Run-Time Hardware-Assisted Stealthy Malware Detection: A Lightweight, Yet Effective Time Series Cnn-Based Approach, Hossein Sayadi, Yifeng Gao, Hosein Mohammadi Makrani, Jessica Lin, Paulo Cesar Costa, Setareh Rafatirad, Houman Homayoun

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

According to recent security analysis reports, malicious software (a.k.a. malware) is rising at an alarming rate in numbers, complexity, and harmful purposes to compromise the security of modern computer systems. Recently, malware detection based on low-level hardware features (e.g., Hardware Performance Counters (HPCs) information) has emerged as an effective alternative solution to address the complexity and performance overheads of traditional software-based detection methods. Hardware-assisted Malware Detection (HMD) techniques depend on standard Machine Learning (ML) classifiers to detect signatures of malicious applications by monitoring built-in HPC registers during execution at run-time. Prior HMD methods though effective have limited their study on …

Raman Investigations Of The Radiation-Induced Modifications In Ipp-Vgcnf Nanocomposites: The Nanofillers’ Tale, Dorina M. Chipara, Mihail Secu, Karen Lozano, Corina Secu, Mircea Chipara

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene loaded by various amounts of vapor-grown carbon nanotubes ranging from 0 to 20% wt. were obtained by extrusion. Raman investigations on these nanocomposites are reported. The nanocomposites were irradiated using a 60Co, with an integral dose of 1 kGy/h up to integral doses of 9 kGy, 18 kGy, and 27 kGy, in air, at room temperature. Raman measurements were performed by using a Bruker Senterra confocal Raman spectrometer operating at 785 nm. The research is focused on the information contained within the D and G Raman lines of these nanocomposites as a function of nanotube loading …

Land-Use Dynamics Associated With Mangrove Deforestation For Aquaculture And The Subsequent Abandonment Of Ponds, Aslan Aslan, Abdullah F. Rahman, Scott M. Robeson, Muhammad Ilman

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• SAR data is useful for tracking dynamic changes in mangrove ecosystem.

• Time series SAR data can be used to estimate lifespan of pond.

• During 22+ years, over half of the mangrove forest in Mahakam Delta has been converted to aquaculture.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatiotemporal dynamics of large area mangrove deforestation, aquaculture pond building, and the subsequent abandonment of ponds in a large delta in Indonesia, namely the Mahakam Delta. So, we developed and applied a novel methodology for exploring the lifespan of aquaculture ponds. Using historical multispectral and radar data, the …

Complete Mitochondrial Genomes Of Two Species Of Stichopathes Brook, 1889 (Hexacorallia: Antipatharia: Antipathidae) From Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Cynthia M. Asorey, Javier Sellanes, Daniel Wagner, Erin E. Easton

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report the complete mitochondrial genomes of two antipatharian species, Stichopathes sp. SCBUCN-8849 and Stichopathes sp. SCBUCN-8850, collected between 120 and 180 m depth off Rapa Nui (∼ −27.1°, −109.4°). The size of the two mitogenomes are 20,389 bp (29.0% A, 15.2% C, 19.9% G, and 35.9% T) and 20,463 bp (29.0% A, 15.3% C, 19.9% G, and 35.8% T), respectively. Both mitogenomes have the classic Hexacorallia gene content of 13 protein-coding, two rRNA, and two tRNA genes plus a COX1 intron with embedded HEG as found in the Antipathidae and other antipatharian families.

Mitigating The Externality Of Diseases Of Poverty Through Health Aid, Kamal Jnawali, Michael G. Tyshenko, Tamer Oraby

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Externality exists in healthcare when an individual benefits from others being healthy as it reduces the probability of getting sick from illness. Healthy workers are considered to be the more productive labourers leading to a country’s positive economic growth over time. Several research studies have modelled disease transmission and its economic impact on a single country in isolation. We developed a two-country diseaseeconomy model that explores disease transmission and crossborder infection of disease for its impacts. The model includes aspects of a worsening and rapid transmission of disease juxtaposed by positive impacts to the economy from tourism. We found that …

All-Sky Search For Continuous Gravitational Waves From Isolated Neutron Stars In The Early O3 Ligo Data, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, S. Abraham, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Volker Quetschke, Karla E. Ramirez, Wen Hui Wang

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report on an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves in the frequency band 20–2000 Hz and with a frequency time derivative in the range of [−1.0,+0.1]×10−8  Hz/s. Such a signal could be produced by a nearby, spinning and slightly nonaxisymmetric isolated neutron star in our Galaxy. This search uses the LIGO data from the first six months of Advanced LIGO’s and Advanced Virgo’s third observational run, O3. No periodic gravitational wave signals are observed, and 95% confidence-level (C.L.) frequentist upper limits are placed on their strengths. The lowest upper limits on worst-case (linearly polarized) strain amplitude h0 are ∼1.7×10−25 …

The Chromatic Quasisymmetric Class Function Of A Digraph, Jacob A. White

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

We introduce a quasisymmetric class function associated with a group acting on a double poset or on a directed graph. The latter is a generalization of the chromatic quasisymmetric function of a digraph introduced by Ellzey, while the former is a generalization of a quasisymmetric function introduced by Grinberg. We prove representation-theoretic analogues of classical and recent results, including F-positivity, and combinatorial reciprocity theorems. We deduce results for orbital quasisymmetric functions, and study a generalization of the notion of strongly flawless sequences.

Editorial: Discovery And Development Of Drugs For Neglected Diseases: Chagas Disease, Human African Trypanosomiasis, And Leishmaniasis, Gildardo Rivera, Navin B. Patel, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Twenty tropical diseases have been listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). These tropical diseases are called “neglected” for three primary reasons: 1) These diseases are widespread worldwide among the economically weaker (neglected?) section of the society; 2) Although the total number of mortality, morbidity, disability, and health disparity caused annually by the NTDs is more than that attributed by the so-called elite diseases like cancer, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), cardio- or neurological diseases but NTD patients do not receive comparable attention or treatment opportunities either from the governments or healthcare professionals …

Assessing Changes In Clusters Of Wildlife Road Mortalities After The Construction Of Wildlife Mitigation Structures, Thomas J. Yamashita, Trinity D. Livingston, Kevin W. Ryer, John H. Young Jr., Richard Kline

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Collisions with vehicles can be a major threat to wildlife populations, so wildlife mitigation structures, including exclusionary fencing and wildlife crossings, are often constructed. To assess mitigation structure effectiveness, it is useful to compare wildlife road mortalities (WRMs) before, during, and after mitigation structure construction; however, differences in survey methodologies may make comparisons of counts impractical. Location-based cluster analyses provide a means to assess how WRM spatial patterns have changed over time. We collected WRM data between 2015 and 2019 on State Highway 100 in Texas, USA. Five wildlife crossings and exclusionary fencing were installed in this area between September …

Benzopyrazine-Based Small Molecule Inhibitors As Trypanocidal And Leishmanicidal Agents: Green Synthesis, In Vitro, And In Silico Evaluations, Jonathan Rock, Daniel Garcia, Omar Espino, Shaila A. Shetu, Manuel J. Chan-Bacab, Rosa Moo-Puc, Navin B. Patel, Gildardo Rivera, Debasish Bandyopadhyay

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

World Health Organization (WHO) identified twenty tropical disease categories as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs)1. Chagas’ disease (also known as American trypanosomiasis) and leishmaniasis are two major classes of NTDs. The total number of mortality, morbidity, and disability attributed each year due to these two categories of diseases in magnitudes is much higher than the so-called elite diseases like cancer, diabetes, AIDS, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Impoverished communities around the world are the major victim of NTDs. The development of new and novel drugs in the battle against Chagas’ disease and leishmaniasis is highly anticipated. An easy and straightforward …

Uav-Assisted Data Dissemination Based On Network Coding In Vehicular Networks, Shidong Huang, Chuanhe Huang, Yabo Yin, Dongfang Wu, M. Wasim Abbas Ashraf, Bin Fu

Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Efficient and emergency data dissemination service in vehicular networks (VN) is very important in some situations, such as earthquakes, maritime rescue, and serious traffic accidents. Data loss frequently occurs in the data transition due to the unreliability of the wireless channel and there are no enough available UAVs providing data dissemination service for the large disaster areas. UAV with an adjustable active antenna can be used in light of the situation. However, data dissemination assisted by UAV with the adjustable active antenna needs corresponding effective data dissemination framework. A UAV-assisted data dissemination method based on network coding is proposed. First, …

Controlled Branching Processes With Continuous Time, Miguel Gonzalez, Manuel Molina, Ines Del Puerto, Nikolay Yanev, George Yanev

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

A class of controlled branching processes with continuous time is introduced and some limiting distributions are obtained in the critical case. An extension of this class as regenerative controlled branching processes with continuous time is proposed and some asymptotic properties are considered.

Ligo’S Quantum Response To Squeezed States, L. Mcculler, S. E. Dwyer, A. C. Green, Haocun Yu, K. Kuns, L. Barsotti, C. D. Blair, D. D. Brown, A. Effler, Karla E. Ramirez

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

Gravitational wave interferometers achieve their profound sensitivity by combining a Michelson interferometer with optical cavities, suspended masses, and now, squeezed quantum states of light. These states modify the measurement process of the LIGO, VIRGO and GEO600 interferometers to reduce the quantum noise that masks astrophysical signals; thus, improvements to squeezing are essential to further expand our gravitational view of the Universe. Further reducing quantum noise will require both lowering decoherence from losses as well more sophisticated manipulations to counter the quantum back-action from radiation pressure. Both tasks require fully understanding the physical interactions between squeezed light and the many components …

Mapping The Gravitational-Wave Sky With Lisa: A Bayesian Spherical Harmonic Approach, Sharan Banagiri, Alexander Criswell, Tommy Kuan, Vuk Mandic, Joseph D. Romano, Stephen R. Taylor

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

The millihertz gravitational-wave frequency band is expected to contain a rich symphony of signals with sources ranging from Galactic white dwarf binaries to extreme mass ratio inspirals. Many of these gravitational-wave signals will not be individually resolvable. Instead, they will incoherently add to produce stochastic gravitational-wave confusion noise whose frequency content will be governed by the dynamics of the sources. The angular structure of the power of the confusion noise will be modulated by the distribution of the sources across the sky. Measurement of this structure can yield important information about the distribution of sources on Galactic and extragalactic scales, …

Reproductive Characteristics Of Red Snapper Lutjanus Campechanus On Artificial Reefs In Different Jurisdictions, Catheline Y. M. Froehlich, Adam M. Lee, Ramiro Oquita, Carlos E. Cintra-Buenrostro, J. Dale Shively

School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Reproductive activity of Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus (Poey, 1860) at artificial reefs (ARs) are only recently being investigated. Yet, the management of the fishery differs on a regional basis with state and federal jurisdictions, and reproductive differences among regions have not been investigated. To compare the reproductive activity of L. campechanus among state (inshore) and federal (offshore) jurisdictions, individuals were collected in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico from four ARs on a quarterly basis for 2 yrs. Inshore sites exhibited fishing pressure year round whereas offshore sites only had fishing season open during a few months of summer. Collected individuals …

Analytical Properties For The Fifth Order Camassa-Holm (Foch) Model, Mingxuan Zhu, Lu Cao, Zaihong Jiang, Zhijun Qiao

School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper devotes to present analysiswork on the fifth order Camassa-Holm (FOCH) modelwhich recently proposed by Liu and Qiao. Firstly, we establish the local and global existence of the solution to the FOCH model. Secondly, we study the property of the infinite propagation speed. Finally, we discuss the long time behavior of the support of momentum density with a compactly supported initial data.

Approximate Solutions Of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations Using B-Polynomial Bases, Muhammad I. Bhatti, Md. Habibur Rahman, N. Dimakis

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

A multivariable technique has been incorporated for guesstimating solutions of Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations (NPDE) using bases set of B-Polynomials (B-polys). To approximate the anticipated solution of the NPD equation, a linear product of variable coefficients ai(t) and Bi(x) B-polys has been employed. Additionally, the variable quantities in the anticipated solution are determined using the Galerkin method for minimizing errors. Before the minimization process is to take place, the NPDE is converted into an operational matrix equation which, when inverted, yields values of the undefined coefficients in the expected solution. The nonlinear terms of the NPDE are combined in the …