Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Technique For Predicting The Aquatic Ecosystem Response To Weather Modification, Eugene K. Israelsen, David R. Bernard, Thomas M. Twedt, Henry M. Runke

Reports

In the past, considerable effort has been spent on the development of techniques for increasing precipitation from a given cloud formation. However, little attention has been given to identifying and evaluating the impacts of cloud seeing activities on the aquatic ecosystems within the affected areas. The objective of this study was to apply the simulation technique to predict the impacts of cloud seeing on the aquatic ecosystem within the area subject to weather modification. A small mountain watershed near Logan, Utah, was selected for the study. Measurements were made of the significant parameter levels under current conditions. A hydrologic and …

A Study Of Alternative Methods To Modernize Water Institutions And Eliminate Problems Of Multiple Jurisdiction And Conflicting Objectives, Frank W. Haws

Reports

No abstract provided.

Regional Development: An Econometric Study Of The Role Of Water Development In Effectuating Population And Income Changes, Herbert H. Fullerton, Chris W. Lewis, Jay C. Andersen, John E. Keith, Reed Willis

Reports

Twelve measures of regional economic growth, including populations and three measures of income were compared for areas with and without water investment in 246 counties and 42 water resources subareas in the states of Utah, Colorado, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Nevada. Simple mean omparisons for these measures compiled for the decades of 1940-1950, 1950-1960, and 1960-1970 failed to support the hypothesis that economic growth of those counties and subareas receiving water investment was significantly highter than in those areas which did not, with the possible exception of the 1940-1950 decade. This result is obciously tempered by the fact …

Urban Storm Runoff Inlet Hydrograph Study Volume 2; Laboratory Studies Of The Resistance Coefficient For Sheet Flow Over Natural Turf Surfaces, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The main objective of this study is to develop an accurate design method for computing inlet hydrogaphs of surface runoff, with average recurrence intervals of 10, 25, and 50 years, from typical urban highway by flood routing technique. Resistance to sheet flows over natural turf surfaces is experimentally investigated. The formuation of a functional relationship between the resistence coefficient and controlling parameters for shallow flows over various turf surfaces is essential to the mathematical modeling of surface runoff from urban highway sideslopes covered with different species of turf. An analysis of results obtained from laboratory experiments from laminar flow on …

Naturally Occurring Organic Compounds And Algal Growth In A Eutrophic Lake, V. Dean Adams, Russell R. Renk, Peter A. Cowan, Donald B. Porcella

Reports

No abstract provided.

Watershed Management On Range And Forest Lands Proceedings Of The Fifth Workshop Of The United States/Australia Rangelands Panel, R. J. Mcconnen, B. S. Sadler, Colin L. Pierrehumbert, Kenneth G. Renard, Donald L. Brakensiek, Alden R. Hibbert, T. Talsma, C. W. Rose, Ronald E. Sosebee, Richard Meeuwig, Paul Packer, Walter C. Boughton, J. Paul Riley, Richard H. Hawkins

Reports

Preface: The U.S.-Australia Cooperative Rangeland Science Program In October 1968 the governments of the United States and Australia entered into an agreement for the purpose of facilitating close cooperative activities between the scientific communities of the two countries. The joint communique issued at that time designated the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Australian Commonwealth Department of Education and Science as the coordinating agencies. Both countries were to encourage binational teamwork in research, interchanges of scientists, joint seminars, and exchanges of information. A United States-Australia Rangeland Panel was established in December 1969 to further cooperation between the two countries in …

Development And Preliminary Application Of Mathematical Models To The Weber Basin, W. J. Grenney, D. S. Bowles, M. D. Chambers, J. P. Riley

Reports

The adoption of stream standards, whether for direct application or for the establishment of realistic effluent standards, creates a need to predict the impact of pollution loads on river water quality during critical flow periods or as the result of future user demands. Because of the complexity of aquatic systems, mathematical models are an excellent medium for bringing together the state-of-the-art knowledge from a variety of disciplines into a form which can be readily applied to practical problems. Applying a mathematical model to a river system has the added advantage of providing a structure for the systematic consideration of the …

Multiple Uses Of Utah Irrigation Canals: Cache County As A Case Study, James J. Kennedy, Komain Unhanand

Reports

Irrigation use is an obvious benefit of Utah canals that has been recognized for over 100 years. This study attempts to illustrate other, less obvious, uses. the major use examined was recreational, but canals are presently functioning as storm drainage systems and have potential for diverting flood crests in many river systems.

Recreational use of canals falls into two categories. There is passive use such as its landscape values, affects on creating shade and bird-wildlife habitat, etc., that is difficult to quantify but no less important than active canal use such as tubing, hiking, bank-play, bicycling, etc. We selected several …

Water Salvage Potentials In Utah, Volume I. Open Water Evaporation And Monolayer Suppression Potential, Trevor C. Hughes, E. Arlo Richardson, James A. Franckiewicz

Reports

An estimate of the potential in Utah for evaporation suppression by the monolayer film method is presented. The model estimates evaporation suppression as a function of wind speed, a four parameter exposure factor, and reservoir size. The estimated suppression factors vary from 0 to 30 percent and average 11 percent of the statewide total annual evaporation. Estimates of May to October evaporation and suppression potential are calculated for each of the 227 impoundments in the surface water inventory. A forthcoming report in this series will examine the potential for evaporation suppression by thermal destratification. This procedure, which is already being …

Characteristics And Genesis Of The Parleys And Mendon Soils Series In Northern Utah, Khalid I. Al-Amin

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The study was designed to test the genetic theory of soil development of two soils derived from different geological material, but developed under conditions of similar climate, topography, biological activity, and age. An attempt was made to relate the soils characteristics to their present classification. Parleys and Mendon series which developed from Bonneville and Salt Lake Formation, respectively, were selected for that purpose. Along the east side of Cache valley, two pedons representing each of the studied series were selected to have similar soil formers except for their parent material.

Evidently, these studied soils have been developed from different heterogenous …

Nutrition Of Sheep Grazing Foothill Big Game Range In Spring, Kurt J. Kotter

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Sheep with esophageal fistulas were used to determine the daily intake, nutritive content and digestibility of forage at three periods and two stocking intensities during the spring of 1972 on a typical foothill range in northern Utah.

Heavy grazing under a season-long regime did not influence the concentrations of dietary chemical components when compared to moderate grazing; however, it did depress the digestibility of cellulose and organic matter. There was a significant decline in the dietary chemical components due to forage maturation. Digestibility of organic matter and cellulose were significantly higher in the early spring as compared to late spring. …

Seed Reserves In Desert Soils, David W. Goodall, Suzanne J. Morgan

Memorandum

Soil and litter samples were collected from the playa, playa fringe and bajada zones of the Jornada Validation Site. These samples were analyzed for their seed content, special attention being paid to spatial distribution. At the time of sampling, there was little litter on the soil surface, and the litter contained only a small proportion of the total seeds present.

Environmental Analysis Of The Upper Cambrian Nounan Formation, Bear River Range And Wellsville Mountain, North-Central Utah, Larry L. Gardiner

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Nounan Formation in north-central Utah thickens northward from 696 feet near Causey Dam to 1147 feet at High Creek in the Bear River Range, and northwestward to 1149 feet at Dry Canyon in Wellsville Mountain. The basal contact of the Nounan Formation is sharp, but dolomite extends irregularly downward into limestones of the Bloomington Formation as much as 6 feet.

The Nounan Formation is divided into three members based on lithologic characters: (1) a lower member composed of dark, medium-crystalline dolomite; (2) a middle member composed of white, coarse-crystalline dolomite with tongues of dark dolomite; and (3) an upper …

Determination Of Crop Production Functions As Related To Soil Moisture And Nitrogen, James W. Bauder

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Soil moisture and nitrogen are often the primary controlling factors of crop production. Production functions are valuable in describing crop responses to such controlling factors. Such functions are also needed for determining the economic reliability of crop production.

Soil moisture and nitrogen fertilizer were maintained at various levels to determine the response of field corn to these controlling factors. A conventional split plot design, a continuous function experimental design, and a confined barrel plot design were used to obtain data for determining production functions.

The complete factorial, conventional split plot data was successfully used to generate reliable production functions in …

Phosphate Exploration And Property Evaluation In Southeastern Idaho, Illustrated By The Dry Valley Area, James Simon Spalding

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The western phosphate field produced about 15 percent, in 1970, of the nation's domestically consumed phosphate rock and contains an estimated 58 percent of the nation's indicated phosphate reserves. The central portion of the western phosphate field, which contains the Dry Valley area of southeastern Idaho, encompasses the greatest amount of mineable phosphate reserves in the smallest geographic area within the western field.

Exploration of properties in the area should follow an orderly sequence of literature search, area reconnaissance, detailed target appraisal, and detailed three-dimensional sampling to effectively evaluate each property. Present exploration techniques include topographic analysis, vegetative investigation, profile …

A Study Of The Radiation Quality Under Plant Canopies In The Wave Range 0.4 To 2.5 Microns, Nolasco G. Baldazo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The spectral distribution of the global radiation from 0.4 to 2.5 microns penetrating deciduous and coniferous canopies were measured during clear days between 10 a.m. and 2 p.m. using a double-quartz monochromator.

In the visible region (0.4 to 0.7 micron) the average relative spectral transmissions under both canopies are about one percent beginning at 0.4 micron and decreasing to about half a percent at 0.67 micron. There is only a small peak in the green (0.55 micron) transmission under deciduous stands while there is none under coniferous canopies. The slightly higher transmission in the blue (0.4 micron) is attributed to …

A Theoretical Proton-Proton Pair Production Cross-Section Calculation, Jay W. Phippen

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The calculation of both electron-pair and muon-pair production cross-sections was made using Feynman's quantum electrodynamics. Pseudo-scaler coupling was used between the nucleons and vector coupling was used between the photon and the Fermions. The protons were considered as Dirac particles and radiative corrections were omitted.

Eight fourth-order Feynman-Dyson diagrams were used. The subsequent sixty-four TRACES were reduced to seven basic topologically different TRACES. From the seven basic TRACES, it was possible to generate the sixty-four TRACES by the proper permutations of the variables.

With the mathematics and the corresponding computer programs written down, data (energies and momenta which represent the …

A Comparative Analysis Of The Use Of A Markov Chain Versus A Binomial Probability Model In Estimating The Probability Of Consecutive Rainless Days, Jack Wilfred Homeyer

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Markov chain process for predicting the occurence of a sequence of rainless days, a standard technique, is critically examined in light of the basic underlying assumptions that must be made each time it is used. This is then compared to a simple binomial model wherein an event is defined to be a series of rainless days of desired length. Computer programs to perform the required calculations are then presented and compared as to complexity and operating characteristics. Finally, an example of applying both programs to real data is presented and further comparisons are drawn between the two techniques.

The Dynamics Of Root Growth And The Partitioning Of Photosynthates In Cool Desert Shrubs, Osvaldo Alberto Fernandez

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study addresses the nature of physiological and phenological evolutionary strategies of root growth dynamics and energy allocation followed by Atriplex confertifolia, Ceratoides lanata, and Artemisia tridentata growing in their natural cool desert environment.

Root observation chambers with inclined Plexiglass windows were installed in monospecific desert communities of Atriplex confertifolia, Ceratoides lanata and Artemisia tridentata. Soil temperature and water potential measurements taken immediately adjacent to the observation windows indicated a minimal disturbance was caused by the presence of these chambers. For the three species initiation of root growth was observed before initiation of shoot activity, furthermore, active root growth extended …

An Evaluation Of In-Stream Structures Designed To Provide Fish Habitat, Charles H. Call Jr.

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

In-stream concrete structures were studied through model tests and river tests. The model studies indicated that four designs provided good habitat in the model stream. These structures were the inverted weir, the "V" structure, the slab with legs and the cylinder. Through the river studies it was determined that these structures did not influence enough of the total river area to be effective in providing good fish habitat. Also an appreciable amount of yearly maintenance would be required to free the structures from silting in, debris, and vandalism. The slab with legs was the only promising structure.

Comparison Of Transition Matrices Between Metropolitan And Non-Metropolitan Areas In The State Of Utah Using Juvenile Court Data, Sung-Ik Song

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this paper is to use Markov Chains for the study of youths referred to the juvenile court in the metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas of the state of Utah.

Two computer programs were written for creating case histories for each person referred to the court and for testing for the significance of the difference among several transition matrices.

Another computer program, which was written by Soo Hong Uh, was used for analyzing realizations of a Markov chains up to the 4th order; a third computer program, originally written by David White, was used for interpreting Markov chains.

The …

Determining Sample Size For A Control Chart, Shu-Yang Catherine Jean

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The essential tool in statistical quality control is the control chart. In spite of the apparent simplicity of the control chart, most engineers, production men, and inspectors find that its use calls for an entirely new point of view. The power of this technique lies in its ability to separate out assignable causes of quality variation. This makes possible the diagnosis and correction of many production troubles and often brings substantial improvements in product quality and reduction of spoilage and rework. The control chart tells when to leave a process alone and thus prevents unnecessarily frequent adjustments that tend to …

Principal Component Factor Analysis, Kuang-Ming Chu

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

The principal-factor solution is probably the most widely used technique in factor analysis and a relatively straight forward method to determine the minimum number of independent dimensions needed to account for most of the variance in the original set of variables.

The principal components approach to parsimony was first proposed by Karl Pearson (1901) who studied the problem for the case of nonstochastic variables, and in a different context. Hotelling provided the full development of the method (1933) and Thomson (1947) was the first to apply it to the principal factor analysis.

This method was first developed to deal with …

Maintaining Topological Properties On The Brink Of Destruction, Kay J. Hamm

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Throughout the paper we consider the setting where f is a continuous function (a mapping) whose domain X and range Y are both Hausdorff spaces. Our object is to determine conditions on the map f which insure that when X has a certain topological property Q, then Y will also have property Q. For example, if X is metrizable, then it does not necessarily follow that Y is a metric space; but if f is a perfect map, then metrizability is preserved. Chapter III is devoted to the study of this metrizability problem. In particular, we present Frink's [ 2] …

Functional Analysis Techniques In Numerical Analysis, Kenneth D. Schoenfeld

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In this paper we will consider the problem of selecting the best, or optimal, numerical method of solution to a given mathematical problem. The admissible numerical methods will be a clearly defined set for each problem. Obviously, in order to find the best method in this set, we must have a clear mathematical formulation of just what "best" means; this will be the intent of Theorem 0.1. Intuitively, the best method will be understood to be the one which minimizes the maximum possible error where this error will be measured in terms of the norm of a given Hilbert space. …

Matrix Norms, I-Hui C. Cheng

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In many situations it is very useful to have a single nonnegative real number to be, in some sense, the measure of the size of a vector or a matrix. As a matter of fact we do a similiar thing with scalars, we let jÀj represent the familiar absolute value or modulus of À. Fora vector x e: C , one way n of assigning magnitude is the usual definition of length, Il I 1/2 2 1/2 xl= = {jxij } , which is called the euclidean norm of x. In this case, length gives an overall estimate of the …

Wilderness Recommendation: Zion National Park, Utah, U.S. Department Of The Interior

Elusive Documents

No abstract provided.

Combined Airglow And Incoherent Scatter Observations As A Technique For Studying Neutral Atmospheric Variations, L L. Cogger, Vincent B. Wickwar, Herbert C. Carlson

All Physics Faculty Publications

Night airglow 6300 Å intensities and electron density altitude profiles observed at Arecibo have been combined with dissociative recombination theory to obtain information about the nighttime variation of F-region N₂ and O₂ densities. The application of this technique is illustrated using data from two nights in March 1971. The gross nighttime variation shows reasonable similarity to the Jacchia [1970] model, and also follows the time variation of the measured exospheric temperature. However, on both nights there is evidence of a postmidnight enhancement of the O₂/N₂ density ratio associated with a rapid decrease in the …

Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations Of Westward Electric Fields And Plasma Densities In The Auroral Ionosphere, 1, M P. Banks, C L. Rino, Vincent B. Wickwar

All Physics Faculty Publications

This paper reports the results of incoherent scatter radar observations of high-altitude ion drifts and other plasma parameters made February 24, 1972, at Chatanika, Alaska (L = 5.7), during a period of magnetic disturbance. For this experiment, conducted between 0909 to 1303 UT (2309 to 0303 AST), the radar line of sight was held fixed in the magnetic meridian plane so that the observed north-south ion drifts could be interpreted in terms of a westward electric field that ranged in magnitude from −10 to +35 mV m⁻¹. The results confirm many effects found previously through other experimental …

Planning For Water Quality In The Virgin River System In The State Of Utah, Utah Water Research Laboratory

Reports

No abstract provided.