Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Application Of The Verwey-Overbeek Theory To The Relative Sediment Volume Of Kaolin-Water Dispersions, James E. Kline

Masters Theses

Introduction

This paper describes an investigation intended to: 1. observe the effect of electrolyte concentration on the stability of kaolin-water systems, 2. evaluate the relative sediment volume measurement as a tool for determining the stability of such systems, 3. assess the applicability of the Verwey-Overbeek theory of stability of lyophobic colloids for predicting the observed effects, and 4. determine if any correlation exists between the effects predicted by the theory and observed through the relative sediment volume measurement.

The relative sediment volume measurement will be shown to be dependent upon the efficiency of packing of the pigment particles, which in …

A Synoptic Air Mass Climatology Of The Eastern United States, Robert I. Wittick

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Introduction

Orientation and Objective

The concept of the air mass was developed by a group of Norwegian meteorologists during World War I. An air mass, they said, was a body of air which was horizontally homogeneous with respect to temperature and humidity. These bodies of air were classified according to their place of origin since the basic character of an air mass is similar to that of its source region.

Since 1932 when the first air mass climatology was written by Dinies¹, the meteorological and geographical journals have published many studies of air mass movements and …

A Study Of The Base Catalyzed Decompositions Of Azoacetates, David V. Herman

Masters Theses

Introduction

The formation of a benzyne intermediate has been shown by several investigators ^(2,5,6) to be developed in at least four different reactions; the reaction of o-dihalobenzenes with magnesium or lithium, aryl halides with strong nucleophiles, o-halobenzophenones with potassium amide in liquid ammonia, and the decomposition of benzenediazonium-2-carboxylate.⁽¹³⁾ The mechanism propsed for one of the above most relevant to the following study, the reaction of o-halobenzophenones with potassium amide in liquid ammonia, is outlined in the following sequence:

Studies On The Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acids From Mesophilic And Thermophilic Bacteria, Alice A. Holazo

Masters Theses

Introduction

Certain organisms have been known to live at temperatures at which cellular constituents ordinarily sensitive to heat are destroyed. These organisms. called thermophiles (heat-loving), normally live at higher temperature range of the biokinetic zone (10^o-45^oC).

Hydrolysis Of Benzohydroxamic Acid, Robert L. Fuller

Masters Theses

Introduction

The hydroxamic acids were discovered in 1869 by H. Lossen¹. The nomenclature, structure, and chemistry of these compounds have been summarized in an excellent review article by Yale².

The Calculation Of The Cross-Section Of The Interaction Between Two Yang-Mills Fields, Richard A. Starr

Masters Theses

The Problem and Its Background

This thesis presents a study of the interaction between two arbitrary fields, named Yang-Mills fields¹ for their originators. The basic equations for the calculations of the Yang-Mills interaction are due to modern quantum field theory and its specific application to quantum electrodynamics.²

Much useful information can be obtained from the formulation of the dynamical equations for a classical system: for example, the classical description of the electromagnetic field, based on Maxwell's equations, leads to wave concepts. Then using this formalism as a starting point, one can proceed to the quantum theory of free …

Phase Shift Analysis Of Protons Elastically Scattered By 016 Near EP = 8.3 Mev, Glenn D. Westin

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Introduction

The study of the resonances in the scattering cross section of the p + O¹⁶ reaction can reveal information regarding the energy levels of the compound nucleus F¹⁷. The analysis is simplified because of the zero spin of the O¹⁶ nucleus. Also, the low binding energy of the proton added to O¹⁶ allows examination of the low-lying energy levels in F¹⁷.¹ The reaction has been intensively investigated at the University of Wisconsin in a series of experiments using an electrostatic accelerator as a source of protons.

The Preparation Of 5-Arylazopyrimidines, Frederic Edwin Dutton

Masters Theses

Introduction

The synthesis of 5-arylazopyrimidines was undertaken in search of potential anticancer agents.

While many azo compounds have carcinogenic activity, it has been shown by several workers in this area that some 5-arylazopyrimidines have anticancer properties. S. Hibino(1) has shown that p-(2,4,6-triamino-5-pyrimidinylazo) benzene-sulfonic acid shows promise as an effective anticancer agent when used in conjunction with 6-mercaptopurine and adrenal steroidal hormones. When tested clinically, total remission of the leukemic process was achieved in 85.7% of the cases treated. In comparison, total remission was achieved in only 57.5% of the cases treated with a mixture of 6-MP and the hormone which …

Plant-Derived Pigments And Dyes Used By Artists, Samuel C. Rizzetta

Masters Theses

History

Uses of Biologically-derived Products in Painting

Throughout history man has relied heavily on plant-derived materials in the production of paintings. Plant products have been used to fulfill each of the material requirements of painting. The ground or surface upon which an artist applies paint -is usually of plant origin, such as woven fabrics and paper. The ancient Egyptians painted on canvas (from Linum usitatissimum L.), papyrus, (from Cyperus papyrus L.), and wood (Lucas, 1934:149-150, 201-203; Laurie, 1910:17, 31-32).

At the time of Theophilus leather parchment, preferably of horsehide, was popular for painting (Bazzi, 1960:13). After parchment, walls and wooden …

The Reaction Of Metal Hydrides With Azoacetates, Thomas H. Althuis

Masters Theses

Introduction

The term aliphatic azo compound refers to those azo compounds in which at least one of the two nitrogen atoms is linked to a tetrahedral, that is, sp³ -hybridized carbon atom. Di-imides, RN=NH, however, are not being considered. Mixed aliphatic-aromatic azo compounds are those in which one nitrogen atom is linked to an sp³ -hybridized carbon atom and the other to an aromatic sp² -hybridized carbon atom. If present, a symmetry element (point or plane) is determined by the mid-point between the two nitrogen atoms.

Study Of The Stereochemistry Of A Carbanion Generated From An Azoacetate, Nguyen Thanh Buu

Masters Theses

Introduction

The reaction of lead tetraacetate with ketohydrazones to form azoacetates has been reported recently by Iffland, Salisbury and Schafer (13) and may be represented by the following equation:

R₂C=N-NH-R' + Pb(0Ac)₄ → R₂C-N=N-R' + Pb(OAc)₂ + HOAc OAc

Of principal interest has been the base-catalyzed decomposition of an azoacetate in a protonic solvent to give a ketone, a hydrocarbon, nitrogen and an acetate salt. The following sequence of steps has been proposed to account for these products (11).

Aminomethylation And Hydroxymethylation Of 6-Mercaptopublne And 6-Alkylthiopubines, Charles P. Bryant

Masters Theses

Introduction

The Mannich reaction and hydroxymethylation were used to prepare analogs of 6-mercaptopurine as possible antimetabolites. Physical and chemical methods were used to elucidate the structures of the compounds prepared.

Nuclear Magnetic Relaxation And Diffusion In Paraffin Oil, David E. Parker

Masters Theses

Introduction

Since the introduction of the spin echoes technique by E. L. Hahn¹ many studies have been made in the determination of the spin relaxation T₂, spin-lattice relaxation T₁, and the diffusion rates in gases, liquids^2-5, and solids^6-10. Hahn's methods were later improved by Carr and Purcell¹¹. The Carr-Purcell method serves as the basic technique for this study.

Several studies have been published on the relaxation and diffusion rates in hydrocarbons¹². These studies have shown:

1. The spin relaxation time T₂, is independent of the …

The Polarizing Effects Of Inhibitors Upon The Reaction Of Iron With Hydrochloric Acid, Duane L. Mickelson

Masters Theses

Introduction

Corrosion inhibitors have been widely studied. Electrical methods of study have been utilized (7) (10) (24) and polarization curves (2) (6) (18) (26) have been plotted by many observers in studying different aspects of corrosion. In this research the measured polarizing currents a.re used strictly in an effort to find out how the corrosion inhibitors affect the anodic and the cathodic reactions.

Synthesis Of Potential Anti-Tumor Agents Related To Ethanolamine. I. Phenoxyacetic Acid Derivatives, Kenneth Wayne Rodarmer

Masters Theses

Introduction

Derivatives of phenoxyacetic acid (PAA), because of their activity as synthetic auxins, have long been of interest in the botanical sciences. PAA itself was noted (29) to have some auxin activity. However, real interest in PAA derivatives awaited the establishment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as a powerful, selective herbicide (12). An enormous number of PAA analogs and homologs have been investigated for their potential in the herbicide industry, and the statistical evidence from these investigations has been used as the basis for several interesting and sometimes conflicting theories of auxin mechanisms (17, 26, 23, 27).

Physiological effects of PAA …

Reaction Of Dihydropyran With Substituted Benzenesulfonyl Azides, Douglas L. Rector

Masters Theses

Introduction

The intent of this investigation was to study the addition of arylsulfonyl azides to vinyl ethers, specifically 2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran, and to establish by chemical and physical methods the structure of the adduct.

Helianthus Annuus - The Separation And Identification Of A New Fatty Acid, Donald C. Gruber

Masters Theses

Introduction

The term "fatty acids" was first applied principally to saturated, monobasic carboxylic acids and especially to long chain acids derived from animal and vegetable oils. As time passed and the knowledge of natural fats increased, polyunsaturated, hydroxy, keto and branched chain acids were also found as constituents of these fats and oils and these also came under the heading of fatty acids. Even acids containing alicyclic substituents were found.

More recently the term 11 fatty acid" has been applied to include saturated and unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acids and several other series of substituted acids having carbon skeletons similar to …

Carcinostatic Sulfonic Acid Esters Of Selected 1,4-Diols, Robert A. Earl

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this research was to prepare the bisarylsulfonic acid esters of 1,4-butanediol and 1,4-but-2-ynediol.

This series of compounds is of interest because of the antitumor activity exhibited by the bismethanesulfonates of 1,4-butanediol and 1,4-but-2-ynediol. The compounds which were prepared were submitted to Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center for evaluation in their anticancer program.

It was hoped that the compounds synthesized would be of pharmacological value. It was further hoped that the biological test data of these compounds would demonstrate a correlation between types of substituents on the aromatic nucleus and the degree of activity of the compounds. …

Investigations Of Neutron Collimators And Detector Systems Used In A Neutron-Capture Internal-Conversion Apparatus, William Charles Johnston

Masters Theses

Preface

During the past six decades considerable effort has been devoted to investigating and explaining the phenomena associated with the atomic nucleus. However, many important features of the nucleus still are not understood. Among these are such fundamental aspects as the structural composition of the nucleus, the nature of the forces between nucleons, and several of the basic processes that occur among the nuclear constituents. The goal of nuclear physics is to construct a unified theory which is able to explain all nuclear phenomena.

The experimentalist contributes toward this objective by gathering and classifying extensive amounts of experimental data in …

The Reaction To Ketoacylhydrazones With Lead Tetraacetate, Lavern M. Weisenberger

Masters Theses

Introduction

It has been shown that ketohydrazones react with lead tetraacetate to give azoacetates in good yields (11) according to the following equation:

R₂C=N-NH-R + Pb(OAc)₄ → R₂C(OAc)-N=N-R + Pb(OAe)₂ + HOAc

The reaction of the structurally related 4,4- disubstituted ketosemicarbazones with lead tetraacetate quite unexpectedly gave carbamates in good yields (10) presumably according to the following equation:

R₂C=N-NH-Co-NR₂ + Pb(OAc)4 → R₂C-O-CO-NR₂ + N₂ + Pb(OAc)₂ + HOAc

CO

ı

CH₃

Angular Correlation Of Co60, Henry Kuhlman

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Introduction

The probability that a radioactive nucleus will emit a gama ray may depend on the angle between the nuclear spin axis and the direction of emission. The radiation pattern of a sample of randomly oriented nuclei is isotropic. An anisotropic pattern may be observed if the nuclear spin axes are aligned.

A Measurement Of The Spin Relaxation Time Of Optically Pumped Rubidium Vapor, Robert Oliver Breault

Masters Theses

Chapter I

The Problem and Atomic Energy Levels

In 1949 Francis Bitter proposed a method for optcally detecting radio frequency resonance. That same year Alfred Kastler, Fcole Normale Superiéure, Paris, France, introduced a technique, which he called "Optical Pumping", of concentrating atoms in some of the Zeeman sublevels of one of the hyperfine state levels of the ground state. These two experiments are the basis of research involving optical methods of atomic orientation and of magnetic resonance.

The Reaction Of Ketosemicarbazones With Lead Tetraacetate, Thomas M. Davies

Masters Theses

Introduction

It has been demonstrated that lead tetraacetate will oxidize ketohydrazones to azoacetates in good yields (11).

R₂C=N-NH-R + Pb(OAc)₄ ------> R₂C(OAc)-N=N-R + Pb(OAc)₂ + HOAc

Since ketosemicarbazones are structurally equivalent to ketohydrazones, it was thought that the reaction of ketosemicarbazones with lead tetraacetate would proceed in a similar manner. Originally the object of this research was to prepare a series of new azo compounds related to semicarbazones by lead tetraacetate oxidation.

Pachycereus Marginatus Alkaloids, John M. Brewer

Masters Theses

Introduction

Serturner's paper, 1817, "Morphis, a New Salt-forming Substance, and Meconic Acid, as the Chief Constituents of Opium", opened a new era of discovery in organic plant chemistry. His isolation of the first alkaloid was soon followed by the isolation or narcotine by Robiquet and strychnine by Pelletier and Caventou. These basic compounds were at first called vegetable alkalies, but were later renamed alkaloids, meaning alkali-like¹¹.

A Modified Procedure For The Quantitative Determination Of Fluoride And The Application Of This Procedure To A Fluoride Balance Study In Children, Beatrice Shuang Wu

Masters Theses

Introduction

This research problem was done in connection with the fluoride balance studies on twelve children at Plymouth State Home. The retention balance studies of fluoride by children can be studied indirectly by measuring the amounts of fluoride excreted in the urine and feces after administration of the fluoride in water or in vitamins as sodium fluoride. The fluoride balance study was repeated, because in the previous study (19), there were no samples collected for a base day in which the fluoride was not given. The previous data also indicated that fluoride retention was merely a function of the interval …

Development Of A Two Channel Counter For Measurement Of Faraday Rotations, Donald R. Flach

Masters Theses

Chapter I

Introduction

The rotation of the plane of polarization of plane polarized light when it passes through a substance in a direction parallel to an applied magnetic field is known as the Faraday effect and was discovered by Michael Faraday in 1845.¹ It was found by experimentation that the amount of rotation of the plane of polarization was represented by the equation:

Θ = VH1 cos A

where H = magnetic field in gauss, 1 = simple path length in centimeters, A is the angle between the magnetic field and the direction of the light, and V is …

Preparation And Properties Of 3, 3’ -Disbubstituted-2, 2’ – Three-Carbon-Atom Bridged Biphenyls, Allan E. Nader

Masters Theses

Introduction

The configuration of biphenyl has been treated in numerous articles and reviews (1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16, 22, 23). In particular the configuration of 2,2'-bridged biphenyl derivatives has obtained attention. The synthesis of an optically active 2,2'-three-carbon-atom-bridged biphenyl possessing an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 250 mμ has been reported by Iffland and Siegel (15). These properties require first, a non-planar configuration for the molecule and second, significant inter-ring conjugation as demonstrated by ultraviolet spectra.

Several 2,2'-three-atom-bridged biphenyls have been prepared by Ahmed and Hall (2, 3) in order to obtain some measure of their specific rotation. The use …

Preparation Of The Cis And Trans Isomers Of Methylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acids And Their 2-Diethylaminoethyl Esters, Paul Allen Meulman

Masters Theses

Introduction

The purpose of this research is to prepare the CIS and TRANS isomers of the 2, 3 and 4-methylcyclohecanecarboxylic acids and their 2-diethylaminoethyl esters.

This series of compounds is of interest because of the anti-tumor activity shown by some ethanolamine derivatives. The compounds to be prepared in this study represent modifications of these structures to determine if further investigation in this area is worthwhile. A pharmacological evaluation of these compounds will be made since many esters of amino alcohols have demonstrated pharmacological activity. The cancer chemotherapeutic and pharmacological test results are not included in this paper, but will be …

An Investigation Of Drift-Covered Environments Using The Shallow Reflection Seismic Method, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, Thomas Patrick Luby

Masters Theses

Seismic work utilizing a six-channel analog seismograph and a hammer impact source successfully obtained coherent reflection events from horizon within the glacial overburden, from the drift-paleozoic interface, and from Paleozoic bedrock targets. Fieldwork was conducted in eight drift-covered environments where the drift thickness varied from 80 feet to greater than 500 feet. Factors that exerted a major control over the seismic response at each environment studied include the depth of the water table, the type of surface material underlying the shot point and geophone spread, and the use of single versus multiple geophones per channel. Each of these factors influenced …

The Correlation Of Spectra And Steric Effects In Alkyl And Aryl Hydrazones, Dennis J. Weber

Masters Theses

Introduction

The correlation of spectra, especially ultraviolet spectra, of hydrazones with their structure has resulted in considerable confusion because of the variations in spectra obtained from apparently the same basic chromophore.