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Articles 1231 - 1260 of 2456

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Examining Sources Of Sediment Carbon Stored In Seagrass Habitats Across The Skagit Delta And Padilla Bay, Erin Murray Apr 2018

Examining Sources Of Sediment Carbon Stored In Seagrass Habitats Across The Skagit Delta And Padilla Bay, Erin Murray

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The potential for seagrass (Zostera marina) habitats to store carbon is a topic of interest to resource managers and ecosystem scientists as they strive to develop and evaluate climate change mitigation strategies. I investigated the sources of carbon and nitrogen stored in Zostera marina habitats within the Salish Sea. I compared two sites, the Skagit River delta (delta) and Padilla Bay (embayment), in order to compare carbon storage and the sources of stored carbon between these two shoreline types. Within each site, I collected sediment cores in Z. marina meadows and on unvegetated mudflat. I measured changes in carbon density …

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Pre-Contact Baseline Ecological Reconstruction In Burrard Inlet, John Konovsky, Jesse Morin Apr 2018

Pre-Contact Baseline Ecological Reconstruction In Burrard Inlet, John Konovsky, Jesse Morin

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

This paper presents our research methodology to reconstruct pre-contact baseline marine ecological conditions in Burrard Inlet. Following the Back to the Future methodology outlined by Pauley et al. (1998) and emphasizing applied archaeological techniques, we will undertake multi-disciplinary research to reconstruct pre-contact baseline marine ecological conditions in Burrard Inlet. The marine ecosystems supported several communities of Tsleil-Waututh people in Burrard Inlet for millennia. The remains of Tsleil-Waututh village sites (shell middens) are very rich records of archaeofauna representing the accumulated remains of locally harvested species from about 1000 BC to AD 1792. Our research will investigate already excavated samples of …

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Long-Term Spatial-Temporal Eelgrass (Zostera Marina) Habitat Change In The Salish Sea (1932-2016), Natasha Nahirnick, Maycira Costa, Sarah Schroeder, Tara Sharma Apr 2018

Long-Term Spatial-Temporal Eelgrass (Zostera Marina) Habitat Change In The Salish Sea (1932-2016), Natasha Nahirnick, Maycira Costa, Sarah Schroeder, Tara Sharma

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is a critical nearshore marine habitat for juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) as they depart from their natal streams. Given the poor marine survival of Coho (O. kisutch) and Chinook (O. tshawytscha) salmon juveniles in recent decades, it is hypothesized that deteriorating eelgrass habitats could contribute to their low survival. For three small estuaries in the Southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia, changes in eelgrass area coverage and shape index over the period of 1932-2016 were assessed using historic aerial photographs and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery. In addition, changes in eelgrass area and shape index were …

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Soundwatch: Eighteen Years Of Monitoring Whale Watch Vessel Activities In The Salish Sea, Shawn Larson, Elizabeth Seely, Richard Osborne, Kari Koski Apr 2018

Soundwatch: Eighteen Years Of Monitoring Whale Watch Vessel Activities In The Salish Sea, Shawn Larson, Elizabeth Seely, Richard Osborne, Kari Koski

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Soundwatch Boater Education Program is a vessel monitoring and public education outreach program. Soundwatch has been run by The Whale Museum (TWM) during the whale watch season (May through September) in the Haro Strait Region of the Central Salish Sea since 1993. Data collection has been in a consistent manner since 1998. The program compiles data on vessel types and vessel interactions with marine mammals with a focus on the Southern Resident killer whale (SRKW), Orcinas orca, which was listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) in 2005. The primary goal of the Soundwatch program is …

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Patterns And Variability In Ocean Acidification Conditions In Puget Sound And The Strait Of Juan De Fuca, J. A. (Jan A.) Newton, Simone Alin, Beth Curry, Adrienne J. Sutton, John Mickett, Richard A. Feely, Marine Lebrec, Dana Greeley, Wendi Ruef, Andrea Fassbender, Terrie Klinger Apr 2018

Patterns And Variability In Ocean Acidification Conditions In Puget Sound And The Strait Of Juan De Fuca, J. A. (Jan A.) Newton, Simone Alin, Beth Curry, Adrienne J. Sutton, John Mickett, Richard A. Feely, Marine Lebrec, Dana Greeley, Wendi Ruef, Andrea Fassbender, Terrie Klinger

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Washington Ocean Acidification Center is working with NOAA and other partners to increase understanding of ocean acidification dynamics and spatial variability in the Salish Sea, and how these correlate with planktonic responses. These data are critical for assessing water quality, areas with higher or lower OA stress, and to understand effects on the food web. Two main strategies are employed; seasonal ship cruises provide spatial coverage and the ability to collect plankton, while mooring buoys provide information on mechanisms and the range of variation due to the high-resolution and constant coverage they provide. Results show a strong degree of …

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Using Metapopulation Models To Estimate The Effects Of Pesticides And Environmental Stressors To Spring Chinook Salmon In The Yakima River Basin, Wa, Chelsea Mitchell, Valerie R. Chu, Meagan J. Harris, Wayne G. Landis, Katherine E. Von Stackelberg, John D. Stark Apr 2018

Using Metapopulation Models To Estimate The Effects Of Pesticides And Environmental Stressors To Spring Chinook Salmon In The Yakima River Basin, Wa, Chelsea Mitchell, Valerie R. Chu, Meagan J. Harris, Wayne G. Landis, Katherine E. Von Stackelberg, John D. Stark

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Population-level endpoints provide ecological relevance to Ecological Risk Assessments (ERAs), because this is the level at which environmental management decisions are made. However, many population-level risk assessments do not reflect the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the populations they represent, and thus preclude an understanding of how population dynamics and viability are affected by toxicants on a regional scale. We have developed a probabilistic ERA (specifically, a Bayesian Network-Relative Risk Model (BN-RRM)) that integrates an Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework, to quantify the sub-lethal and lethal effects of toxicants and environmental stressors on the metapopulation dynamics of salmonids. As a …

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Pcbs In Lower Green River Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Jenee Colton, Rory O'Rourke, Richard Jack Apr 2018

Pcbs In Lower Green River Juvenile Chinook Salmon, Jenee Colton, Rory O'Rourke, Richard Jack

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and other persistent bioaccumulative toxics are known to accumulate in fish residing in the Lower Duwamish River. However, existing sediment chemistry data also suggest contaminant concentrations in the Lower Green River sub-basin may be high enough to impact aquatic life. Juvenile Chinook salmon spend variable lengths of time in different reaches of the Green-Duwamish system before entering Puget Sound. Recent publications on Green-Duwamish juvenile Chinook body burden and adult return rates suggest Chinook salmon health and survival may be impacted by exposure to PCBs or other contaminants in the Green-Duwamish River. Understanding the relative contributions of Lower …

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Climate Robust Culvert Design: Probabilistic Estimates Of Fish Passage Impediments, Guillaume Mauger, Alan F. Hamlet, Se-Yeun Lee, Jason Won Apr 2018

Climate Robust Culvert Design: Probabilistic Estimates Of Fish Passage Impediments, Guillaume Mauger, Alan F. Hamlet, Se-Yeun Lee, Jason Won

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

*** This abstract is for a "Snapshot" (5-min) presentation. *** Many Washington State culverts are currently inadequate for fish passage. Apart from a few special cases, the standard for sizing culverts in Washington State is based on a simple linear function of bankfull width (BFW). This reflects a geomorphic approach to culvert design that can be applied across a large range of situations (Barnard et al. 2013, 2015). Future changes in BFW have previously been estimated by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) (Wilhere et al. 2016), by estimating the percent change in BFW derived from projected changes …

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Shared Waters: Restoring Shellfish Harvest In The Trans-Boundary Watershed Of Boundary Bay, Christy Juteau Apr 2018

Shared Waters: Restoring Shellfish Harvest In The Trans-Boundary Watershed Of Boundary Bay, Christy Juteau

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Boundary Bay is a critical section of transboundary Salish Sea habitat, recognized locally, nationally and internationally. The intertidal salt marshes, mudflats and open water marine habitats of Boundary Bay comprise Canada’s top rated, globally significant, Important Bird Area (IBA Canada 2017), have recently been named a “Wetland of International Importance” as part of the Fraser River Delta Ramsar site (Ramsar 2012) and are “protected” through BC’s Wildlife Management Area designation (MFLNRO 1995). Indigenous peoples (including Semiahmoo First Nation) traditionally harvested the abundant fish and shellfish resources for their livelihood. Commercial oyster operations in B.C. began in Boundary Bay in 1904 …

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An Investigation Of Benthic Recovery And Climate Change Resilience In The Englishman River Estuary, Connie L. Miller Retzer, Thomas G. Reid, Peter K. Dekoning Apr 2018

An Investigation Of Benthic Recovery And Climate Change Resilience In The Englishman River Estuary, Connie L. Miller Retzer, Thomas G. Reid, Peter K. Dekoning

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

SNAPSHOT: A benthic monitoring program will be added in 2018 to the ongoing Englishman River Estuary recovery study, situated on the east coast of Vancouver Island. This will complement investigations which have been ongoing, prior to and following the removal of a berm during 2017. Changes in salinity patterns, flow regimes, channel morphology, elevation, sediment size, and vegetation distribution are being assessed and these variables will be used to map distinctive areas of the estuary. Benthic samples will be collected from representative areas and monitored over the long term. Relative and total abundance, species diversity, biomass, and various derivatives of …

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North To South: Ecosystem Features Determine Seagrass Community Response To Sea Otter Foraging, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Erin U. Rechsteiner, Brent Hughes, M. Tim Tinker, Zachary L. Monteith, Angeleen M. Olson, Mathew Morgan Henderson, Jane C. Watson Apr 2018

North To South: Ecosystem Features Determine Seagrass Community Response To Sea Otter Foraging, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Erin U. Rechsteiner, Brent Hughes, M. Tim Tinker, Zachary L. Monteith, Angeleen M. Olson, Mathew Morgan Henderson, Jane C. Watson

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

We compared sea otter recovery in California (CA) and British Columbia (BC) to determine how key ecosystem properties shape top-down effects in seagrass communities. Potential ecosystem drivers of sea otter foraging in CA and BC seagrass beds that we examined include the role of coastline complexity and environmental stress on sea otter effects. In BC, we found greater species richness across seagrass trophic assemblages. Furthermore, Cancer spp. crabs, an important link in the seagrass trophic cascade observed in CA, was less common. Additionally, the more recent reintroduction of sea otters, more complex coastline, and reduced environmental stress in BC seagrass …

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Guiding Chinook Salmon Recovery Projects Towards A More Resilient Future, Stacy Vynne Mckinstry, Amber Moore Apr 2018

Guiding Chinook Salmon Recovery Projects Towards A More Resilient Future, Stacy Vynne Mckinstry, Amber Moore

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Changing climate conditions, along with land-use and other ecological changes, are affecting the health, vitality, and resilience of Chinook salmon populations in watersheds throughout Puget Sound. Restoration and protection projects are designed to address the most critical factors affecting salmon populations. However, with climate change, these factors may change: the medium- and long-term success of the projects and expected benefits to salmon may be compromised and/or current investments may not achieve expected results. The Puget Sound Partnership recently released guidance to help project sponsors and local salmon recovery lead entities identify key climate-related risks for Chinook salmon, guide project sponsors …

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Cumulative Effects Of Marine Shipping, Paula Doucette Apr 2018

Cumulative Effects Of Marine Shipping, Paula Doucette

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

As part of the Oceans Protection Plan, the Government of Canada will establish a shared approach to better understand coastal ecosystems and the potential effects of regional marine vessel activity on the environment. Transport Canada’s Cumulative Effects of Marine Shipping Initiative seeks to create a cumulative effects assessment framework that would focus on 6 coastal sites across Canada including South Coast British Columbia. Local communities, stakeholders and Indigenous Nations will be engaged to determine key concerns and help collect baseline information that can be used to inform assessments of the cumulative effects of marine shipping framework and identify specific mitigation …

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Modeling Potential Population-Level Impacts Of Localized Oil Spills On Puget Sound Pacific Herring Stocks, Julann Spromberg, Sarah Allan, Nathaniel L. Scholz Apr 2018

Modeling Potential Population-Level Impacts Of Localized Oil Spills On Puget Sound Pacific Herring Stocks, Julann Spromberg, Sarah Allan, Nathaniel L. Scholz

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Localized oil spills that contaminate nearshore spawning areas pose a threat to developing Pacific herring embryos. Fish embryos are particularly susceptible to the developmental toxicity of oil derived PAHs, which can be acutely lethal or, at lower exposure doses, lead to permanent changes in heart structure, craniofacial morphology, and metabolic processes that cause delayed mortality, or more subtle delayed impacts that may be associated with premature subadult mortality. A variety of localized oil spill scenarios simulating direct and delayed mortality to young of the year were used to examine the potential response of Puget Sound stocks. The healthy stocks remaining …

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Assessing The Influence Of Wave-Induced Bed Shear Stresses On Tidal Marsh Colonization Potential, Astrid Vargas Apr 2018

Assessing The Influence Of Wave-Induced Bed Shear Stresses On Tidal Marsh Colonization Potential, Astrid Vargas

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The South Arm Jetty Tidal Marsh Project is proposed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority's Habitat Enhancement Program. The proposed project site is located along the southern edge of Sturgeon Bank in Richmond, B.C. The project would increase the size of the existing marsh immediately adjacent to the site by converting approximately 30-40 hectares of low-value sand flat into highly productive marsh habitat. One of the main challenges for development of the proposed marsh is the mobility of the substrate, due to wave energy exposure, primarily from northwest storms. To provide sheltering for the proposed marsh, a cobble berm was …

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Social And Economic Impacts Of A 2017 Oyster-Transmitted Norovirus Outbreak In Hammersley Inlet, Puget Sound, Marisa Nixon Apr 2018

Social And Economic Impacts Of A 2017 Oyster-Transmitted Norovirus Outbreak In Hammersley Inlet, Puget Sound, Marisa Nixon

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Hammersley Inlet in Washington State is a highly productive growing area for oysters, with at least 34 different commercial shellfish growers operating in its tidelands. The oysters in Hammersley Inlet provide an important source of income, employment and recreation for surrounding Mason County. In early spring 2017, Hammersley Inlet was implicated in a shellfish-transmitted norovirus outbreak that resulted in growing area closures and recalls, significantly impacting small, local shellfish farmers. From its initial illness investigation, Washington State Department of Health (DOH) was unable to identify a point pollution source responsible for the outbreak, and some shellfish producing parcels remained closed …

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Does Eelgrass Act As An Ocean Acidification Refuge For Shellfish In The Salish Sea?, Bonnie Becker, Michelle Mccartha, Micah Horwith Apr 2018

Does Eelgrass Act As An Ocean Acidification Refuge For Shellfish In The Salish Sea?, Bonnie Becker, Michelle Mccartha, Micah Horwith

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Marine waters worldwide are becoming more acidic due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Changes in pH are heterogeneous in space and time and can be affected by physical and biological processes, including photosynthesis and respiration of plants and animals. Previous studies have shown that seagrass beds, which contain a large amount of plant biomass, can alter the carbonate chemistry in the immediate area, with higher pH during the day and lower pH at night. We explored the effects of this pattern on bivalve shellfish at four sites in Puget Sound and Willapa Bay. Pumped water samples were taken at …

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Seven Years Of Development And Change Within 200' Of The Shore In Puget Sound, Kenneth Pierce, Timothy P. (Thomas Peter) Quinn, Keith Folkerts, Jeanne Miller, Kevin Samson, Matt Muller Apr 2018

Seven Years Of Development And Change Within 200' Of The Shore In Puget Sound, Kenneth Pierce, Timothy P. (Thomas Peter) Quinn, Keith Folkerts, Jeanne Miller, Kevin Samson, Matt Muller

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The 1971 Washington Shoreline Management Act (SMA) defines "Shorelands" or "shoreland areas" as those lands extending landward for two hundred feet in all directions as measured on a horizontal plane from the ordinary high water mark. We analyzed land use change in the Shorelands of Puget Sound using WDFW’s High Resolution Change Detection project. We identified 2,960 individual change locations that intersected those shorelands. We found 73% of the locations exhibited anthropogenic change, 14% had no real change within the shoreland area, 5% of the locations were landslides, 3% were erroneously mapped as change and the remaining locations fell into …

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New Brighton Shoreline Habitat Restoration Project, Mike Tranmer Apr 2018

New Brighton Shoreline Habitat Restoration Project, Mike Tranmer

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The New Brighton Park Shoreline Habitat Restoration Project is situated within New Brighton Park along the south side of Burrard Inlet, west of the Second Narrows Bridge in Vancouver, B.C. The project was undertaken through a partnership with the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority and the Vancouver Board of Parks and Recreation, along with Musqueam, Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh Nations. The project was part of the port authority’s Habitat Enhancement Program, which focuses on creating, restoring and enhancing fish and wildlife habitat. The project presented a significant opportunity to restore coastal wetland habitat on the south shore of Burrard Inlet. The creation …

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Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Residency And Early Growth In The Lower Fraser River Estuary, Lia Chalifour, David Scott, Misty Macduffee, John Dower, Julia Baum Apr 2018

Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha) Residency And Early Growth In The Lower Fraser River Estuary, Lia Chalifour, David Scott, Misty Macduffee, John Dower, Julia Baum

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The Fraser River has historically supported the most abundant salmon runs in North America, which have been declining for decades. Despite its importance and ongoing threats of climate change and habitat degradation, the Fraser River estuary is particularly understudied, with the latest comprehensive fish survey occurring in the early 1980s. We were particularly interested in the role of estuarine habitat in supporting juvenile salmon during the critical outmigration period. As part of a two-year study, which surveyed 20 sites in the lower estuary across three habitat types, we sampled over 3,000 juvenile Chinook salmon. We caught the majority of all …

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Assessing The Effects Of Chemical Mixtures Using A Bayesian Network-Relative Risk Model (Bn-Rrm) Integrating Adverse Outcome Pathways (Aops) In Three Puget Sound Watersheds, Valerie Chu, Meagan J. Harris, Chelsea J. Mitchell, John D. Stark, Katherine E. Von Stackelberg, Wayne G. Landis Apr 2018

Assessing The Effects Of Chemical Mixtures Using A Bayesian Network-Relative Risk Model (Bn-Rrm) Integrating Adverse Outcome Pathways (Aops) In Three Puget Sound Watersheds, Valerie Chu, Meagan J. Harris, Chelsea J. Mitchell, John D. Stark, Katherine E. Von Stackelberg, Wayne G. Landis

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Chemical mixtures are difficult to assess at the individual level, but more challenging at the population level. There is still little insight of the molecular pathway for numerous chemical mixtures. We have conducted a regional-scale ecological risk assessment by evaluating the effects chemical mixtures to populations with a Bayesian Network- Relative Risk Model (BN-RRM) incorporating a molecular pathway. We used this BN-RRM framework in a case study with organophosphate pesticide (OP) mixtures (diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and malathion) in three watersheds (Lower Skagit, Nooksack, Cedar) in the state of Washington (USA). Puget Sound Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Evolutionary Significant Units (ESU) were …

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Fir Island Farm: Estuary Restoration Project: Designing For Climate Change And Uncertainty In Shoreline Flood Risk Reduction And Ecosystem Restoration Projects, David Cline Apr 2018

Fir Island Farm: Estuary Restoration Project: Designing For Climate Change And Uncertainty In Shoreline Flood Risk Reduction And Ecosystem Restoration Projects, David Cline

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

The recently designed and constructed Fir Island Farm – Estuary Restoration Project involves construction of a 1-mile long shoreline levee (dike) setback for restoration of 130 acres of farm land for tidal marsh estuary ecosystem restoration. The key uncertainty, and resiliency, design elements of concern include 1) selection of dike level of protection and design elevations considering climate change sea level rise projections, 2) inclusion of erosion protection measures, 3) farm drainage tailwater conditions and 4) ecosystem marsh vegetated plain future elevations and large woody debris loading conditions. This presentation discusses how site characterization, instrumentation, numerical modeling and monitoring were …

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Latitudinal Variation In Seagrass Wasting Disease From Puget Sound To Alaska, Olivia Graham, Corinne Klohmann, Emily Adamcyzk, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Angeleen Olson, Nick Tolimieri, Tiff Stephens, Colleen Amy Burge, Drew Harvell Apr 2018

Latitudinal Variation In Seagrass Wasting Disease From Puget Sound To Alaska, Olivia Graham, Corinne Klohmann, Emily Adamcyzk, Margot Hessing-Lewis, Angeleen Olson, Nick Tolimieri, Tiff Stephens, Colleen Amy Burge, Drew Harvell

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Widely regarded as critical marine habitat, seagrass provides ecologically and economically valuable services in coastal areas worldwide. Eelgrass (Zostera marina) is one of five seagrass species native to the Pacific Northwest and is threatened by outbreaks of the marine protist Labyrinthula zosterae, the causative agent of seagrass wasting disease. Infection from L. zosterae causes necrotic lesions, limiting growth and compromising the health of eelgrass beds. To determine levels of wasting disease in subtidal eelgrass beds across a broad latitudinal gradient, we measured and compared disease prevalence and severity in 5 subtidal eelgrass beds in Puget Sound, 5 in the San …

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Ecosystem Recovery In An International Transboundary System, Cathryn Clarke Murray, Andrea Locke, Jameal Sanhouri Apr 2018

Ecosystem Recovery In An International Transboundary System, Cathryn Clarke Murray, Andrea Locke, Jameal Sanhouri

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

No abstract provided.

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Tsleil-Waututh Nation: Restoring Shellfish Harvest Opportunities In Burrard Inlet, Canada, Bridget Doyle Apr 2018

Tsleil-Waututh Nation: Restoring Shellfish Harvest Opportunities In Burrard Inlet, Canada, Bridget Doyle

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

Tsleil-Waututh are ‘the People of the Inlet’ and have occupied and used the lands and waterways surrounding Burrard Inlet since time out of mind. Approximately 90% of the Tsleil-Waututh diet was derived from marine resources of Burrard Inlet. Bivalve shellfish were a major component, and consistent staple, of that diet. This is supported by the richness of archaeological evidence throughout Burrard Inlet, including village sites, midden sites, processing sites, and at least one identified clam garden site. Due to contamination and sanitation concerns, the federal government closed Burrard Inlet to bivalve shellfish harvesting in 1972. The loss of a safe …

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Habitat Restoration, Richard K. Childers Apr 2018

Habitat Restoration, Richard K. Childers

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

No abstract provided.

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The Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: Understanding Salmon Survival, Iris M. Kemp Apr 2018

The Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: Understanding Salmon Survival, Iris M. Kemp

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

No abstract provided.

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The Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: Bottom-Up And Top-Down Processes, Isobel Pearsall Apr 2018

The Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: Bottom-Up And Top-Down Processes, Isobel Pearsall

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

No abstract provided.

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Tribal And First Nations Leadership On Trans-Boundary Shipping Safety And Cultural Resource Protection, Elise Decola Apr 2018

Tribal And First Nations Leadership On Trans-Boundary Shipping Safety And Cultural Resource Protection, Elise Decola

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

No abstract provided.

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Federal Initiatives: Oceans Protection Plan, Lorraine Gill Apr 2018

Federal Initiatives: Oceans Protection Plan, Lorraine Gill

Salish Sea Ecosystem Conference

No abstract provided.

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