Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Phase Retrieval For Characteristic Functions Of Convex Bodies And Reconstruction From Covariograms, Gabriele Bianchi, Richard J. Gardner, Markus Kiederlen

Mathematics Faculty Publications

The Phase Retrieval Problem of Fourier analysis involves determining a function f on Rn from the modulus |f�| of its Fourier transform f�. This problem arises naturally and frequently in various areas of science, such as X-ray crystallography, electron microscopy, optics, astronomy, and remote sensing, in which only the magnitude of the Fourier transform can be measured and the phase is lost.

The Planet, 2011, Spring, Mitch Olsen, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Climatic Controls On The Snowmelt Hydrology Of The Northern Rocky Mountains, Gregory T. Pederson, Stephen T. Gray, Toby Ault, Wendy Marsh, Daniel B. Fagre, Andrew Godard Bunn, Connie A. Woodhouse, Lisa Graumlich

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The northern Rocky Mountains (NRMs) are a critical headwaters region with the majority of water resources originating from mountain snowpack. Observations showing declines in western U.S. snowpack have implications for water resources and biophysical processes in high-mountain environments. This study investigates oceanic and atmospheric controls underlying changes in timing, variability, and trends documented across the entire hydroclimatic-monitoring system within critical NRM watersheds. Analyses were conducted using records from 25 snow telemetry (SNOTEL) stations, 148 1 April snow course records, stream gauge records from 14 relatively unimpaired rivers, and 37 valley meteorological stations. Over the past four decades, midelevation SNOTEL records …

Lake Samish Water Monitoring Project 2011 Final Report, Robin A. Matthews, Joan Vandersypen

Lake Samish

Lake Samish is a valuable aquatic resource, providing public access for boating, fishing, swimming, picnicking, and other water and lakeshore activities. Residents around the lake enjoy outstanding views of both the lake and its surrounding watershed, and the lake serves as a water supply for many of the lakeshore residents.

Lake Samish is located in the Washington State Department of Ecology’s Water Resource Inventory Area #3 (WRIA 3), and discharges into Friday Creek, a salmon spawning tributary of the Samish River. Lake Samish experiences periodic algal blooms, including blooms of potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The major goal of the monitoring project …

Lake Whatcom Monitoring Project 2009/2010 Report, Robin A. Matthews, Michael Hilles, Joan Vandersypen, Robert J. Mitchell, Geoffrey B. Matthews

Lake Whatcom Annual Reports

This report is part of an on-going series of annual reports and special project reports that document the Lake Whatcom monitoring program. This work is conducted by the Institute for Watershed Studies and other departments at Western Washington University.

The major objective of this program is to provide long-term baseline water quality monitoring in Lake Whatcom and selected tributaries. Each section contains brief explanations about the water quality data, along with discussions of patterns observed in Lake Whatcom.

High-Latitude Tree Growth And Satellite Vegetation Indices: Correlations And Trends In Russia And Canada (1982-2008), Logan T. Berner, Pieter S. A. Beck, Andrew Godard Bunn, Andrea H. Lloyd, Scott J. Goetz

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Vegetation in northern high latitudes affects regional and global climate through energy partitioning and carbon storage. Spaceborne observations of vegetation, largely based on the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), suggest decreased productivity during recent decades in many regions of the Eurasian and North American boreal forests. To improve interpretation of NDVI trends over forest regions, we examined the relationship between NDVI from the advanced very high resolution radiometers and tree ring width measurements, a proxy of tree productivity. We collected tree core samples from spruce, pine, and larch at 22 sites in northeast Russia and northwest Canada. Annual growth rings …

Structural Evolution Of A Composite Middle To Lower Crustal Section: The Sierra De Pie De Palo, Northwest Argentina, Sean R. Mulcahy, S. M. Roeske, W. C. Mcclelland, F. Jourdan, A. Iriondo, P. R. Renne, J. D. Vervoort, G. I. Vujovich

Geology Faculty Publications

The Sierra de Pie de Palo of northwest Argentina preserves middle to lower crustal metamorphic rocks that were penetratively deformed during Ordovician accretion of the Precordillera terrane to the Gondwana margin. New structural, petrologic, and geochronologic data from a 40 km structural transect reveals that the Sierra de Pie de Palo preserves a middle to lower crustal ductile thrust complex consisting of individual structural units and not an intact ophiolite and cover sequence. Top-to-the-west thrusting occurred intermittently on discrete ductile shear zones from ∼515 to ∼417 Ma and generally propagated toward the foreland with progressive deformation. Ordovician crustal shortening and …

Gps Bias Correction And Habitat Selection By Mountain Goats, David O. Wallin, Adam G. (Adam Gerhard) Wells, Clifford Gustav Rice, Wan-Ying Chang

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

In Washington State, USA, mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) have experienced a long-term population decline. To assist management, we created annual and seasonal (summer and winter) habitat models based on 2 years of data collected from 38 GPS-collared (GPS plus collar v6, Vectronic-Aerospace GmbH, Berlin, Germany) mountain goats in the western Cascades. To address GPS bias of position acquisition, we evaluated habitat and physiographic effects on GPS collar performance at 543 sites in the Cascades. In the western Cascades, total vegetation cover and the quadratic mean diameter of trees were shown to effect GPS performance. In the eastern Cascades, aspect and …

Synthesis And Activity Of The Archazolid Western Hemisphere, Ann B. Tran, Geoffrey C. Melly, Ryan Doucette, Brook Ashcraft, Leanne J. Sebren, Nathan Havko, Jeffery C. Young, Gregory W. O'Neil

Gregory W. O'Neil

A convergent and scalable synthesis of the archazolid western hemisphere has been completed. The V-ATPase inhibitory activity of this compound along with a previously prepared eastern domain was then tested using a convenient Arabidop-sis-based V-ATPase assay.

Stamping Oriented Molecular Monolayers Using Liquid Crystal Inks, David L. Patrick, Cory Lund, Steven A. Hickman, Eric Krohn, Robert Thompson

David L. Patrick

Thermotropic liquid crystal (LC)-based inks are combined with patterned anchoring stamps to deposit organic monolayer films with simultaneous control over positional and molecular orientational order in a single step.

Effects Of Normative Messages On Pro-Environmental Attitudes And Behaviorseffects Of Normative Messages On Pro-Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors, Connor Harron

Occam's Razor

As stated in the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the planet’s climate is warming at an unprecedented rate, and humans are responsible for the large majority of causes creating this situation. If humans are to repair the balance between themselves and nature, then a global environmental movement that includes widespread behavior and attitude reconstruction will have to occur. The current study seeks to build upon past research attempting to promote pro-environmental behavior change in individuals. The author examines the ability of modeling and norms presented in a video format to motivate individuals to change …

Occam's Razor Vol. 1 - Full (2011)

Occam's Razor

No abstract provided.

Stability Of The Gauge Equivalent Classes In Inverse Stationary Transport In Refractive Media, Stephen R. Mcdowall, Plamen Stefanov, Alexandru Tamasan

Mathematics Faculty Publications

In the inverse stationary transport problem through anisotropic attenuating, scattering, and refractive media, the albedo operator stably determines the gauge equivalent class of the attenuation and scattering coefficients.

Modulation Spaces, Wiener Amalgam Spaces, And Brownian Motions, Árpád Bényi, Tadahiro Oh

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We study the local-in-time regularity of the Brownian motion with respect to localized variants of modulation spaces Msp,q and Wiener amalgam spaces Wsp,q. We show that the periodic Brownian motion belongs locally in time to Msp,q(T) and Wsp,q(T) for (s−1)q

Stability, Sustainability, And Catastrophe: Applying Resilience Thinking To U.S. Agriculture, Gigi M. Berardi, Rebekah Paci-Green, Bryant Hammond

Environmental Studies Faculty and Staff Publications

Resilience is closely related to notions of sustainability, but emphasizes unpredictable, dynamic environments. As conceptualized in engineering, hazards management, and ecology literature, part of resilience is adaptive capacity, the ability to react effectively to change over time in order to maintain a desirable system state. Agricultural policy has had the effect of undermining such adaptive capacity with its emphasis on stabilization. Using a resilience framework and Hurricane Katrina as an analogy, we suggest that the emphasis on stability and efficiency degrades agricultural system resilience in two ways: through reduced diversity in size and type of production, as well …

Speculations About The Effects Of Fire And Lava Flows On Human Evolution, Michael J. Medler

Environmental Studies Faculty and Staff Publications

Recent research argues that an association with fire, stretching back millions of years, played a central role in human evolution resulting in many modern human adaptations. Others argue that hominin evolution was driven by the roughness of topographic features that resulted from tectonic activity in the African Rift valley. I combine these hypotheses to propose that, for millions of years, active lava flows in the African Rift provided consistent but isolated sources of fire, providing very specific adaptive pressures and opportunities to small isolated groups of hominins. This allowed these groups of early hominins to develop many fire specific adaptations …

The Planet, 2011, Winter, Mitch Olsen, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Contrasting Immersion And Consultation Service-Learning Pedagogies: A Step Towards Reconstructing Personal Values And Norms, Connor Harron

College of the Environment Graduate and Undergraduate Publications

The purpose of the current research was to examine the effects of two different environmental education programs on participants. In doing so this thesis assessed a Western Washington University study abroad program (Rainforest Immersion and Conservation Action) and a second WWU course, ESTU 436 environmental impact assessment. Both courses use service learning as a way to allow students to actively engage in the learning process and apply knowledge learned in the classroom to real world issues. Although similar in structure, the RICA program benefits from providing an immersion experience and a multi-disciplinary approach. The author hypothesized that participants in the …

Ultra-Diffuse Hydrothermal Venting Supports Fe-Oxidizing Bacteria And Massive Umber Deposition At 5000 M Off Hawaii, Katrina J. Edwards, B. T. Glazer, Olivier J. Rouxel, Wolfgang Bach, D. Emerson, Russ E. Davis, Brandy M. Toner, C. S. Chan, B. M. Tebo, Hubert Staudigel, Craig L. Moyer

Biology Faculty and Staff Publications

A novel hydrothermal field has been discovered at the base of Lōihi Seamount, Hawaii, at 5000 mbsl. Geochemical analyses demonstrate that ‘FeMO Deep’, while only 0.2 °C above ambient seawater temperature, derives from a distal, ultra-diffuse hydrothermal source. FeMO Deep is expressed as regional seafloor seepage of gelatinous iron- and silica-rich deposits, pooling between and over basalt pillows, in places over a meter thick. The system is capped by mm to cm thick hydrothermally derived iron-oxyhydroxide- and manganese-oxide-layered crusts. We use molecular analyses (16S rDNA-based) of extant communities combined with fluorescent in situ hybridizations to demonstrate that FeMO Deep deposits …

Hydrodesulfurization And Hydrodeoxygenation Over Noble Metal Phosphide Catalysts, Richard H. Bowker

WWU Graduate School Collection

As the demand and price for crude petroleum continues to increase, unconventional sources of petroleum, including tar sands, oil shales, and bio-derived oils have become economically viable feedstocks. Previously, these oil reserves were deemed too costly to process into fuels due to the high impurity content (S, N, O) of the unrefined feedstocks. The decline in conventional oil reserves has focused increasing attention on utilizing these unconventional feedstocks. However, stringent environmental regulations governing fuel impurity content require refineries to remove these impurities in increasing amounts. Current hydrotreatment catalysts are unable to effectively remove theses impurities in sufficient quantities to meet …

Preparation Of Z-Substituted Styrenes Using Hiyama And Suzuki Cross Couplings: A Synthesis Of Glandulone B, Courtney A. Engles

WWU Graduate School Collection

The heliannuols are a family of allelochemicals that have been isolated from the common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The 8-membered cyclic ether moiety found in many of the heliannuols is a rare motif in nature and provides a challenging synthetic target. It has been found that conformational constraint in the form of a Z olefin helps promote the cyclization of aryl epoxides to the 8-membered cyclic ether. Hiyama couplings of aryl iodides and cyclic vinyl siloxanes produce Z-styrenes in good to excellent yields. Due to the expense of the catalyst used for the synthesis of the siloxanes, an alternate pathway to …

Glacial And Geothermal Dynamics In Sherman Crater, Mount Baker, Washington, Melissa Park

WWU Graduate School Collection

Although quiescent since a significant thermal event in 1975, Mount Baker, in Washington, continues degassing from fumaroles in Sherman Crater, indicating the presence of a connection to an active magmatic system at depth. The apparent equilibrium condition of the crater glacier between 2003 and 2008, despite lying well above the regional equilibrium line altitude, suggests that melting of basal ice by heat flux from fumaroles and heated ground must balance the glacier's positive surface mass-balance. My investigation of glacial and geothermal dynamics in Sherman Crater between 2009 and 2010 provides the first rigorous quantitative assessment of the Sherman Crater glacier: …

H2o Contents In Olivine-Hosted Melt Inclusions From Primitive Magmas In The Northern Cascade Arc, Steven D. Shaw

WWU Graduate School Collection

The subducting Juan de Fuca plate is the hot endmember of slabs worldwide, and its unique thermal character prompts debate about the role of fluid-flux melting versus decompression melting in the Cascade arc. While slow subduction of this hot slab is expected to result in strong dehydration prior to reaching sub-arc depths, there is no consensus on whether the slab is entirely dehydrated at this point, or whether volcanism is the result of water-poor, decompression melting, or fluid-flux melting. I provide the first measurements of pre-eruptive volatile contents in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from primitive magmas in the northern region of …

Alternative Foraging Strategies Among Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos) Fishing For Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) At Mcneil River, Alaska, Ian D. (Ian David) Gill

WWU Graduate School Collection

Previous research on the fishing behavior of bears (Ursus spp.) along salmon streams suggests that dominant individuals forage more efficiently than their competitors; specifically, large adult males are the most efficient foragers at a given stream due to their ability to dominate the most productive locations. I tested this hypothesis by observing 26 individual brown bears (U. arctos) fishing for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) at McNeil River, Alaska, over 33 days during the summer of 2010. In contrast with previous findings I did not observe strong relationships between the foraging efficiency of individual bears and the frequency with which they …

Gold(I)-Catalyzed Rearrangements Of Allyl Aryl Ethers: Mechanisitc And Synthetic Studies, Heidi E. Dimmitt

WWU Graduate School Collection

Gold catalyzed reactions are an active area of interest for synthetic chemists due to gold's ability to promote formation of carbon-carbon bonds. A mechanistic study of the aromatic Claisen rearrangement of allyl aryl ethers in the presence of a gold catalyst has shed some light on the role of the gold catalyst in this reaction. Studies probing the electronics requirements of the reaction as well as investigation of stereochemical conservation both support a dissociative ionic mechanism. Our data supports that the catalyst interacts primarily with the alkene branch as opposed to the phenoxide oxygen because the E and Z allyl …

Groundwater Response To Precipitation Events, Kalaloch, Olympic Peninsula, Washington, Casey R. Hanell

WWU Graduate School Collection

Tens of thousands of square kilometers of forestland in Washington are managed as working forests, primarily for timber production. The effects of timber harvesting on physical watershed processes continue to be the subject of intense research throughout the Pacific Northwest. Watershed analyses completed in Washington during the mid-1990s resulted in significant modifications to Washington's Forest Practices Act and Rules. These measures mandate rigorous evaluation of potential effects of timber harvesting on slope stability. Although timber harvesting has been linked to an increase in surface erosion and mass wasting in the Pacific Northwest, most studies have focused on shallow landslide processes. …

Holocene Glaciation Of The Green River Drainage, Wind River Range, Wyoming, Nigel Davies

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Wind River Range (WRR) has long been the focus of glacial investigations, yet the Holocene record remains poorly understood. Moraines in the Green River Lakes drainage, on the northwest end of the Wind River Range, preserve a remarkably complete moraine record of late-Pleistocene recession, late-glacial and late-Holocene advances. At last glacial maximum (LGM) the study area supported large valley glaciers that extended beyond the rangefront; in historic times, however, glaciers are restricted to high alpine cirques. The largest remaining active glacier (Mammoth Glacier) has retreated to 2 km2 and is the primary source of meltwater and outwash to the …

The First Pre- And Post-Wildfire Charcoal Quantification Using Peroxide-Acid Digestion, Melissa R.A. Pingree

WWU Graduate School Collection

In the summer of 2002, the 200,000-ha Biscuit Wildfire consumed a portion of the 150-ha Long-Term Ecosystem Productivity (LTEP) experiment in the Siskiyou National Forest, Oregon. The wildfire burned previously established 100-year-old conifer control and thinned experimental units, which allows comparison with prescribed burn and unburned units. This research evaluates the O horizon and mineral soil charcoal, a key fire-related soil component that affects physical and chemical properties. Charcoal C was quantified by a peroxide-acid digestion method developed for forest soils. Charcoal C was 17% of the organic C for a reference Australian Vertisol soil and 9% for a German …

Derivation Of The Eruption History Of The Prehistoric Ring Creek Lava Flow, Southern British Columbia, Samuel Bruno

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Ring Creek lava flow is a 10,000 year old, post-glacial dacitic lava flow that originated from Opal Cone, a small cinder cone on the south east flank of Mt. Garibaldi, British Columbia. Disequilibrium texture of amphibole combined with clotting in plagioclase suggests that the Ring Creek magma stalled beneath Opal Cone for at least 440 days before the eruption of the Ring Creek lava flow. Use of an igneous plagioclaseliquid thermo barometer and hygrometer indicate shallow storage conditions of 818 - 868o C, 2.4 - 3.6 kbar, and 0.2 - 2.0 wt% H2O. Surge in plagioclase growth, evidenced by …

Controlled Growth Of Organic Semiconductor Films In Liquid, Daniel W. (Daniel Wainwright) Shaw

WWU Graduate School Collection

Organic molecular crystalline (OMC) films are being investigated for use in a wide range of potential applications, from field effect transistors, to light-emitting diodes, and photovoltaic cells. The ultimate utility of OMC materials for such applications will depend on the degree and type of molecular order in deposited films, as well as the processing costs for preparing them. The goal of this thesis is to develop a method to produce high quality OMC thin films under ambient conditions, to characterize those films, and their growth kinetics. In particular, I will investigate OMC film growth by ambient axisymmetric spray method, a …