Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

An Exploratory Statistical Analysis Of The Ground Water In The Abbotsford-Sumas Aquifer, Sharon Gelinas

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Abbotsford-Sumas aquifer is a primarily unconfined aquifer, located in Whatcom County, WA, with a history of nitrate contamination. Whatcom County is a large producer of raspberries and contains numerous dairy farms. Both of these agricultural practices involve large quantities of nitrates being produced or used for fertilization. A two-year ground water monitoring program was conducted in 1997 and 1998 by Western Washington University in order to determine the spatial and temporal extent of the nitrate contamination. Possible trends in nitrate concentrations may be associated with ground water movement, chemical and biological nitrate reduction processes, seasonality and land use. Exploratory …

Hydrostratigraphy, Groundwater Flow, And Nitrate Transport Within The Abbotsford Sumas Aquifer, Whatcom County, Washington, David V. (David Vaughn) Stasney

WWU Graduate School Collection

From April 1997 to January 1999, a water quality study in a four square mile area in northern Whatcom County was conducted by the Geology Department and the Institute for Watershed Studies at Western Washington University. As part of this study, this thesis focused on characterizing the hydrostratigraphy, groundwater flow directions and flow velocities and developing a groundwater model using MODFLOW and Boss GMS version 2.0 (GMS) to simulate groundwater flow and nitrate transport within this area. Monthly groundwater levels and water quality data were collected and analyzed from 21 domestic wells and one piezometer in the field and at …

The Planet, 1999, Fall, Shane Powell, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Electrical Transport, Magnetism, And Spin-State Configurations Of High-Pressure Phases Of Fes, Takele Seda, G. R. Hearne

Physics & Astronomy

Both the nature of the electrical transport and magnetism of high-pressure phases of FeS have been elucidated in relation to the spin-state configuration of Fe. This has been achieved by combined ⁵⁷FeMössbauer spectroscopy and resistance measurements on samples pressurized in miniature gem-anvil pressure cells to ∼12 GPa in the range 300–5 K. Hexagonal FeS in the range 3–7 GPa exhibits magnetic nonmetallic behavior, whereas monoclinic FeS beyond ∼7 GPa is diamagnetic and nonmetallic. This is compelling experimental evidence to show that, along the room-temperature isotherm, hexagonal FeS has thermally activated charge carriers and a high-spin magnetic-electronic configuration, whereas monoclinic …

P-Cross-Section Bodies, Richard J. Gardner, Apostolos Giannopoulos

Mathematics Faculty Publications

If K is a convex body in Eⁿ, its cross-section body CK has a radial function in any direction u is ∈ S^n-1 equal to the maximal volume of hyperplane sections of K orthogonal to u. A generalization called the p-cross-section body C_pK of K, where p > -1, is introduced. The radial function of C_pK in any direction u ∈ S^n-1 is the pth mean of the volumes of hyperplane sections of K orthogonal to u through points in K. It is shown that C …

Lake Whatcom Monitoring Project 1997/1998 Report, Robin A. Matthews, Michael Hilles, Geoffrey B. Matthews

Lake Whatcom Annual Reports

This report is part of an on-going series of annual reports and special project reports that document the Lake Whatcom monitoring program.

This work is conducted by the Institute for Watershed Studies and other departments at Western Washington University. The major objective of this program is to provide long-term baseline water quality monitoring in Lake Whatcom and selected tributaries. Each section contains brief explanations about the water quality data, along with discussions of patterns observed in Lake Whatcom.

The Planet, 1999, Spring, Anita White, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

An Analytic Solution To The Busemann-Petty Problem On Sections Of Convex Bodies, Richard J. Gardner, Alexander Koldobsky, Thomas Schlumprecht

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We derive a formula connecting the derivatives of parallel section functions of an origin-symmetric star body in Rⁿ with the Fourier transform of powers of the radial function of the body. A parallel section function (or (n - 1)-dimensional X-ray) gives the ((n - 1)-dimensional) volumes of all hyperplane sections of the body orthogonal to a given direction. This formula provides a new characterization of intersection bodies in Rⁿ and leads to a unified analytic solution to the Busemann-Petty problem: Suppose that K and L are two origin-symmetric convex bodies in Rⁿ such that the …

A Value-Belief-Norm Theory Of Support For Social Movements: The Case Of Environmentalism, Paul C. Stern, Thomas Dietz, Troy D. Abel, Greg Guagnano, Linda Kalof

College of the Environment on the Peninsulas Publications

We present a theory of the basis of support for a social movement. Three types of support (citizenship actions, policy support and acceptance, and personal-sphere behaviors that accord with movement principles) are empirically distinct from each other and from committed activism. Drawing on theoretical work on values and norm-activation processes, we propose a value-belief-norm (VBN) theory of movement support. Individuals who accept a movement's basic values, believe that valued objects are threatened, and believe that their actions can help restore those values experience an obligation (personal norm) for pro-movement action that creates a predisposition to provide support; the particular type …

Extremal Graphs For Weights, Béla Bollobás, Paul Erdös, Amites Sarkar

Mathematics Faculty Publications

Given a graph G = (V,E) and α ∈ R, we write wα(G)=∑_xyϵEdG(x)^αdG(y)^α, and study the function w_α(m) = max {w_α(G): e(G) = m}. Answering a question from Bollobás and Erdös (Graphs of external weights, to appear), we determine w_i(m) for every m, and we also give bounds for the case α ≠ 1.

The Planet, 1999, Winter, Anita White, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Stratigraphy And Sedimentology Of The Pipestone Canyon Formation, North Central Washington, James Jenner Peterson

WWU Graduate School Collection

Since Mesozoic time, the western margin of North America has grown through the addition of tectonic terranes, transported atop the subducting paleo-Pacific oceanic plate. The “Baja British Columbia” terrane model postulates accretion of the Insular superterrane at the latitude of southern Mexico and subsequent, margin-parallel translation north to juxtaposition with the western portion of the Intermontane superterrane. After amalgamation, the composite block continued north to its current location. The timing of the proposed translation has not bear well constrained. In the study area, the Okanogan Range batholith of the Intermontane superterrane’s Quesnellia terrane is juxtaposed with the sedimentary and volcanic …

A Fluid Inclusion And Structural Analysis Of The West Chance Vein System, Sunshine Mine, Kellogg, Idaho, David S. (David Scott) Boyer

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Sunshine mine, near Kellogg ID, is a mesothermal Ag-Pb vein deposit in the Coeur d’Alene mining district. Proterozoic siliciclastic rocks of the Ravalli Group, Belt Supergroup, host the ore bodies. The recently discovered West Chance ore body has been under development for the past five years. This tabular ore body strikes west and dips steeply to the south, has 300m (~1000 ft) strike length and extends approximately 914m (~3000 ft) down dip. Ore is located where the WNW-striking Chance fault changes to a predominately west-striking structure. This study consists of a fluid inclusion and structural analysis of the West …

Seismic Characterization Of The Northern Puget Lowland, Washington, Lori K. (Lori Kelly) Roberts

WWU Graduate School Collection

Records show that thousands of earthquakes have occurred in the northern Puget Lowland since 1969. At least fifteen of these events have been greater than magnitude 4, and one (Deming mag. 5.2, 1990) was the second largest recorded shallow crustal event in Washington for the last hundred years. Despite the evidence that suggests that the potential for great earthquakes capable of severe damage in the northern Puget Lowland is very real, the seismicity in the area is poorly understood. This is in part due to the wide scattering and apparently random assortment of recorded events. This thesis attempts to create …

Structure And Metamorphism Of The Talc Creek Area, Harrison Lake B.C., Minda L. Troost

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Slollicum and Cogburn terranes, metamorphosed country rock within the southern Coast Plutonic Complex, are juxtaposed along a thrust fault together with large slabs of ultramafic rock. The structure and metamorphism along and near this fault are the focus of this study.

Three periods of deformation (D₁-D₃) affected the study area. D₁ structures consist of penetrative foliation and lineations that are attributed to thrust stacking of the Slollicum and Cogburn terranes. Foliation, which parallels the fault contact, dips to the northeast at moderate to steep angles. Lineations have mainly down-dip orientations. D₂ structures record …

The Planet, 1998, Fall, Anita White, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

The Planet, 1998, Spring, Derek Reiber, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Directional Properties Of P-Wave Velocities And Acoustic Anisotropy In Different Structural Domains Of The Northern Barbados Ridge Accretionary Prism Complex, Bernard A. Housen, W. Bruckmann, K. Moran

Geology Faculty Publications

Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 156 revisited the northern Barbados Ridge, where the previous Deep Sea Drilling Program Leg 78A and ODP Leg 110 studied the frontal part of this accretionary prism. Drilling and logging-while-drilling at Sites 947, 948, and 949 successfully identified major thrust faults and the décollement, which was the target of several downhole experiments. Two of the eight holes drilled were equipped with borehole observatories that will monitor temperature, pressure, and fluid flow over the next years. Coring at Hole 948C recovered 180 m of sediment, centered around the décollement, which was positively identified based on structural …

A Landscape Plan Based On Historical Fire Regimes For A Managed Forest Ecosystem: The Augusta Creek Study, David O. Wallin, John Cissel, Frederick J. (Frederick John) Swanson, Gordon E. (Gordon Elliot) Grant, Deanna H. Olson, Stanley V. Gregory, Steven L. (Steven Lee) Garman, Linda R. Ashkenas, Matthew G. Hunter, Jane A. Kertis, James H. Mayo, Michelle D. Mcswain, Sam G. Swetland, Keith A. Swindle

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The Augusta Creek project was initiated to establish and integrate landscape and watershed objectives into a landscape plan to guide management activities within a 7600-hectare (19,000-acre) planning area in western Oregon. Primary objectives included the maintenance of native species, ecosystem processes and structures, and long-term ecosystem productivity in a federally managed landscape where substantial acreage was allocated to timber harvest. Landscape and watershed management objectives and prescriptions were based on an interpreted range of natural variability of landscape conditions and disturbance processes. A dendrochronological study characterized fire patterns and regimes over the last 500 years. Changes in landscape conditions throughout …

Huxley Horizon, 1998, Spring, Volume 01, Issue 01, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

Historical Collection of Huxley Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Lake Whatcom Monitoring Project 1996/1997 Report, Robin A. Matthews, Michael Hilles, Geoffrey B. Matthews

Lake Whatcom Annual Reports

This report is part of an on-going series of annual reports and special project reports that document the Lake Whatcom monitoring program.

This work is conducted by the Institute for Watershed Studies and other departments at Western Washington University. The major objective of this program is to provide long-term baseline water quality monitoring in Lake Whatcom and selected tributaries. Each section contains brief explanations about the water quality data, along with discussions of patterns observed in Lake Whatcom.

The Planet, 1998, Winter, Derek Reibert, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Dairy Farming And The Effects Of Agricultural, Nonpoint-Source Pollution On Stream Water Quality, Johnson Creek Watershed, Whatcom County, Washington, Max Thomas Wills

WWU Graduate School Collection

The Johnson Creek watershed, which supports one of the highest densities of dairy farms in Washington State, suffers from degraded stream water quality, primarily in the form of high fecal coliform concentrations, elevated nutrients, and low levels of dissolved oxygen. Despite the implementation of best management practices (BMPs) over the past two decades, poor stream water quality has persisted. The Washington State Department of Ecology (DOE) is therefore required under section 303(d) of the federal Clean Water Act, to establish a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) policy for the basin as a means of remediating the impaired water bodies. The …

Ground And Surface Water Interaction Near A Plywood Manufacturing Facility On The Lake Roosevelt Shoreline, Kettle Falls, Washington, Paul W. D. Humphreys

WWU Graduate School Collection

From April 1994 to December 1996, a water quality investigation was performed at the Boise Cascade Plywood Plant in Kettle Falls, Washington. This investigation was required by the Washington Department of Ecology to assess possible contamination from the process water lagoon and wet log storage area on the groundwater and nearby Lake Roosevelt. Water samples were collected from 11 groundwater monitoring wells, the lagoon, and two lake-shore seeps, and the samples were analyzed for a variety of chemical parameters. Water elevation data were also collected to evaluate the physical nature of the interaction between ground and surface water. The primary …

Design And Analysis Of Multispecies Toxicity Tests For Pesticide Registration, Wayne G. Landis, Robin A. Matthews, Geoffrey B. Matthews

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The community conditioning hypothesis describes ecological structures as historical, nonequilibrial, and by definition complex. Indeed, the historical nature of ecological structures is seen as the primary difference between single-species toxicity tests and multispecies test systems. Given the complex properties of ecological structures, multispecies toxicity tests need to be designed accordingly with appropriate data analysis tools. Care must be taken to ensure that each replicate shares an identical history, or divergence will rapidly occur. Attempting to realize homogeneity by linear cross inoculation or waiting for an equilibrium state to occur assumes properties that ecological structures do not have. Data analysis must …

The Planet, 1997, Autumn, Derek Reiber, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.

Preservation Of The Range Under Perturbations Of An Operator, Branko Ćurgus, Branko Najman

Mathematics Faculty Publications

A sufficient condition for the stability of the range of a positive operator in a Hilbert space is given. As a consequence, we get a class of additive perturbations which preserve regularity of the critical point 0 of a positive operator in a Krein space.

Conserving Coastal Wetlands Despite Sea Level Rise, W. K. (William K.) Nuttle, Mark M. Brinson, D. Cajon, J. C. Callaway, R. R. Christian, G. L. Chmura, William H. Conner, Robert H. Day, M. Ford, J. Grace, J. Lynch, Richard A. Orson, R. W. Parkinson, D. Reed, John M. Rybczyk, T. J. Smith Iii, Richard P. Stumpf, K. Williams

Environmental Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Coastal wetlands provide valuable services such as flood protection and fisheries production to a global population that is increasingly concentrated near the coast and dependent on its resources. Many of the world's coastal wetlands suffered significant losses during this century, and the creation of new wetland areas is not keeping pace with recent losses. Some destruction of wetland areas can be expected as a consequence of the continual reworking of the coastal zone by dynamic geologic processes. Yet human activities also play a role, both directly by encroaching on coastal wetlands and indirectly by influencing the hydrologic and geologic processes …

Discrete Tomography: Determination Of Finite Sets By X-Rays, Richard J. Gardner, Peter Gritzmann

Mathematics Faculty Publications

We study the determination of finite subsets of the integer lattice Zⁿ, n ≥ 2, by X-rays. In this context, an X-ray of a set in a direction u gives the number of points in the set on each line parallel to u. For practical reasons, only X-rays in lattice directions, that is, directions parallel to a nonzero vector in the lattice, are permitted. By combining methods from algebraic number theory and convexity, we prove that there are Sour prescribed lattice directions such that convex subsets of Zⁿ (i.e., finite subsets F with F = Z …

The Planet, 1997, Spring, Julie Irvin, Huxley College Of The Environment, Western Washington University

The Planet

No abstract provided.