Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Norfolk, Virginia Chesapeake Bay, Elizabeth And Lafayette River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

City of Norfolk is situated along the Chesapeake Bay, Elizabeth and Lafayette Rivers (Figure 1). Because the City’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone …

Werowocomoco Shoreline Management Plan, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Christine A. Wilcox

Reports

Werowocomoco is located on the York River in Gloucester County, Virginia (Figure 1). Historical documents identified Werowocomoco as the headquarters of Powhatan, the Algonquian political and spiritual leader when the English founded Jamestown in 1607. For many years, the exact location of the site was unknown; however, in 2003, archeological digs at the site on the York River between Leigh and Bland Creeks confirmed the location. The site has been occupied by Native Americans since 8,000 before the common era (BCE) and is one of the most important Native American sites in the nation.

In 2016, subsequent to the completion …

Comt Chesapeake Bay Hypoxia Modeling, M.A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs, M. Scully, I. Irby, Comt Estaurine Hypoxia Team

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Chesapeake, Virginia Elizabeth River Shorelines Data Summary Report, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

City of Chesapeake is situated between the Cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth along several branches of the Elizabeth River (Figure 1). Because the City's shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.

The purpose of this report is …

Role Of Electron-Electron Interactions In The Charge Dynamics Of Rare-Earth-Doped Cafe2as2, Zhen Xing, T. J. Huffman, Peng Xu, (...), M. M. Qazilbash, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

We have investigated the charge dynamics and the nature of many-body interactions in La- and Pr-doped CaFe2As2. From the infrared part of the optical conductivity, we discover that the scattering rate of mobile carriers above 200 K exhibits saturation at the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit of metallic transport. However, the dc resistivity continues to increase with temperature above 200 K due to the loss of Drude spectral weight. The loss of Drude spectral weight with increasing temperature is seen in a wide temperature range in the uncollapsed tetragonal phase, and this spectral weight is recovered at energy scales about one order of …

Copper(I) Oligomers And Polymers With Dicyanobenzene And Cyanopyridine Ligands, Mark K. Broderick, Congqi Yang, Robert D. Pike, Aaron Nicholas, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

The reaction of [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4 with o-, m-, or p-dicyanobenzene (DCB) or o-, m-, or p-cyanopyridine (CPy) in the presence of two equivalents of PPh3 produces DCB- or CPy-bridged copper(I) complexes. Cyclic dimers are formed for the ortho ligands, and zigzag polymers are formed using the para ligands. m-DCB produces a polymer, however m-CPy results in a cyclic trimer. Multiple lattice-bound solvates are formed upon crystallization of the o-DCB dimer from various solvents. A total of 11 X-ray crystal structures are reported for [Cun(PPh3)2n(bridge)n](BF4)n·(solvent): …

Shoreline Evolution: Prince George County, Virginia Upper Chippokes Creek, James And Appomattox River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Prince George County is situated between on the James River between Upper Chippokes Creek and the Appomattox Rivers (Figure 1). Because the County’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.

The purpose of this report is to …

Line Parameters Including Temperature Dependences Of Air- And Self-Broadened Line Shapes Of (Co2)-C-12-O-16: 2.06-Mu M Region, D. Chris Benner, V. Malathy Devi, Keeyoon Sung, Linda R. Brown, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

This study reports the results from analyzing a number of high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectra in the 2.06-μm spectral region for pure CO2 and mixtures of CO2 in dry air. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares curve fitting technique has been used to retrieve the various spectral line parameters. The dataset includes 27 spectra: ten pure CO2, two 99% 13C-enriched CO2 and fifteen spectra of mixtures of 12C-enriched CO2 in dry air. The spectra were recorded at various gas sample temperatures between 170 and 297 K. The absorption path lengths range from 0.347 to 49 m. The sample pressures …

Rhythmogenic And Premotor Functions Of Dbx1 Interneurons In The Pre-Bötzinger Complex And Reticular Formation: Modeling And Simulation Studies, Hanbing Song

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Breathing in mammals depends on rhythms that originate from the preBötzinger complex (preBötC) of the ventral medulla and a network of brainstem and spinal premotor neurons. The rhythm-generating core of the preBötC, as well as some premotor circuits, consists of interneurons derived from Dbx1-expressing precursors but the structure and function of these networks remain incompletely understood. We previously developed a cell-specific detection and laser ablation system to interrogate respiratory network structure and function in a slice model of breathing that retains the preBötC, premotor circuits, and the respiratory related hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus such that in spontaneously rhythmic slices, cumulative …

Sea-Level Rise & Virginia's Coastal Wetlands, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Rivers & Coast is a periodic publication of the Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The goal of Rivers & Coast is to keep readers well informed of current scientific understanding behind key environmental issues related to watershed rivers and coastal ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay.

Comparison Of Modeled And Observed Bed Erodibility In The York River Estuary, Virginia, Over Varying Time Scale, Danielle Tarpley, Courtney Harris, Carl Friedrichs

Presentations

In general, the availability of sediment for transport increases with the magnitude of bed shear stress, which varies over various temporal and spatial scales. However, in a muddy setting, consolidation or swelling of the bed also contributes to fluctuations in sediment mobility. One such environment is the York River estuary, a partiallymixed tidal tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. The York River often has a Secondary Turbidity Maximum (STM) mid-estuary at the transition from a shallower, less stratified section upstream to a deeper, more stratified section downstream. Since 2006 various instrument arrays have been deployed as part of the Multidisciplinary …

Us-Ioos/Comt Estuarine Hypoxia Nowcast/Forecast Product: Identification And Feedback, Carl T. Friedrichs, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, David R. Forrest, R.R. Hood

Presentations

The Estuarine Hypoxia component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (US-IOOS) Coastal and Ocean Modeling Testbed (COMT) is evaluating existing hydrodynamic and water quality models used or likely to be used for operations and/or for regulation in the Chesapeake Bay and other, similar estuarine environments. The outcomes of this work are expected to help with the development of operational hypoxia forecast capabilities for the Bay. As a proof-of-concept, the ChesROMS hydrodynamic model, linked to a 1-term constant respiration equation for dissolved oxygen (DO), is presently being used to produce realtime now-casts and shortterm (3-day) forecasts of DO for the …

Alkali Metal Bismuth(Iii) Chloride Double Salts, Andrew W. Kelly, Aaron Nicholas, John C. Ahern, Benny Chan, Howard H. Patterson, Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

Evaporative co-crystallization of MCl (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs) with BiOCl in aqueous HCl produces double salts: MxBiyCl(x+3y)·zH2O. The sodium salt, Na2BiCl5·5H2O (monoclinic P21/c, a = 8.6983(7) Å, b = 21.7779(17) Å, c = 7.1831(6) Å, β = 103.0540(10)°, V = 1325.54(19) Å3, Z = 4) is composed of zigzag chains of μ2-Cl-cis-linked (BiCl5)n2n– chains. Edge-sharing chains of NaCln(OH2)6−n octahedra (n = 0, 2, 3) are linked through μ3-Cl to Bi. The potassium salt, K7Bi3Cl16 (trigonal R−3c, a = 12.7053(9) Å, …

Controlling Excited-State Contamination In Nucleon Matrix Elements, Boram Yoon, Rajan Gupta, (...), Kostas Orginos, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

We present a detailed analysis of methods to reduce statistical errors and excited-state contamination in the calculation of matrix elements of quark bilinear operators in nucleon states. All the calculations were done on a 2 + 1-flavor ensemble with lattices of size 32(3) x 64 generated using the rational hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm at a = 0.081 fm and with M-pi = 312 MeV. The statistical precision of the data is improved using the all-mode-averaging method. We compare two methods for reducing excited-state contamination: a variational analysis and a 2-state fit to data at multiple values of the source-sink separation …

Integrated Assessment Of Oyster Reef Ecosystem Services: Macrofauna Utilization Of Restored Oyster Reefs, M. Lisa Kellogg, Kennedy T. Paynter, Paige G. Ross, Jennifer C. Dreyer, Cate Turner, Manisha Pant, Alan Birch, Edward Smith

Reports

Within the Harris Creek Oyster Sanctuary in the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay, we evaluated relationships between basic oyster reef characteristics and the abundance and biomass of macrofauna. The eight sites selected for these studies included five restored oyster reef sites and three sites suitable for restoration that had not been restored. These sites encompassed a range of oyster biomass density and were spread throughout the sanctuary area. At each site one month prior to each of four sampling periods, divers filled four wire mesh baskets (0.1m2 surface area x 15 cm depth) with material from the site and embedded …

Consolidation And Stratification Within A Muddy, Partially Mixed Estuary: A Comparison Between Idealized And Realistic Models For Sediment Transport In The York River Estuary, Virginia, Danielle Tarpley, Courtney Harris, Carl Friedrichs

Presentations

The York River estuary is a partially mixed semi-diurnal tidal tributary of the Chesapeake Bay with salinities ranging from 0 to 26 psu and an ~0.8 m tidal range. Sediment within many estuaries, including the York River, Virginia, is dominated by mixtures of mud. Due to its cohesive nature, estimating sediment fluxes for mud is a complex problem that can be addressed using numerical models such as the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS), which incorporates suspended sediment transport, erosion, and deposition within the hydrodynamic Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). One version of the CSTMS accounts for cohesive processes via …

Sea Level Driven Marsh Expansion In A Coupled Model Of Marsh Erosion And Migration, Matthew L. Kirwan, Dc Walters, W. G. Reay, Ja Carr

VIMS Articles

Coastal wetlands are among the most valuable ecosystems on Earth, where ecosystem services such as flood protection depend nonlinearly on wetland size and are threatened by sea level rise and coastal development. Here we propose a simple model of marsh migration into adjacent uplands and couple it with existing models of seaward edge erosion and vertical soil accretion to explore how ecosystem connectivity influences marsh size and response to sea level rise. We find that marsh loss is nearly inevitable where topographic and anthropogenic barriers limit migration. Where unconstrained by barriers, however, rates of marsh migration are much more sensitive …

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2015, Susanna Musick, Lewis Gillingham

Reports

Through 2015, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program has maintained a 20-year database of records for tagged and recaptured fish. The program is a cooperative project of the Virginia Saltwater Fishing Tournament (under the Virginia Marine Resources Commission-VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) of the College of William and Mary (under the VIMS Marine Advisory Program).

Identification Of Suspended Resilient Pellets In Particles Tracked By A Particle Image Camera System (Pics) In A Muddy Estuary, Grace M. Massey, Kelsey Fall, Carl Friedrichs, S.J. Smith

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Hypoxia Forecasts As A Tool For Chesapeake Bay Fisheries, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Carl T. Friedrichs, David R. Forrest, R.R. Hood

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad And River Herring In Virginia Rivers 2015 Annual Report, Eric J. Hilton, Robert Latour, Patrick E. Mcgrath, Brian Watkins, Ashleigh Magee

Reports

Concern about the decline in landings of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Atlantic coast prompted the development of an interstate fisheries management plan (FMP) under the auspices of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Program (ASMFC 1999). Legislation enables imposition of federal sanctions on fishing in those states that fail to comply with the FMP. To be in compliance, coastal states are required to implement and maintain fishery-dependent and fishery-independent monitoring programs as specified by the FMP. For Virginia, these requirements include spawning stock assessments, the collection of biological data on the spawning run (e.g., age-structure, sex ratio, and …

A Hydrodynamic-Sediment Transport Numerical Model For The Waipaoa Shelf, New Zealand: Model Archive, Julia Moriarty, Courtney K. Harris, Mark G. Hadfield

Data

No abstract provided.

Resolution Limits Of Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry With Pulsed Source, Guangzhi Qu

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) is a time-of-flight mass spectrometry commonly used to detect a wide mass range of biomarkers. However, MALDI requires a high laser pulse energy to create ions with a mass higher than 50,000 Daltons. That high laser energy increases the net ion production but it also degrades the instrument's mass resolution. This project uses a Room Temperature Ionization Liquid (RTIL) as a liquid matrix with a self healing surface instead of a standard crystal matrix to increase shot to shot reproducibility, enabling a systematic study of the origin of the resolution degradation. This study shows that …

Turbulent Particle Transport As A Function Of Toroidal Rotation In Diii-D H-Mode Plasmas, X. Wang, Saskia Mordijck, L. Zeng, L. Schmitz, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

In this paper we show how changes in toroidal rotation, by controlling the injected torque, affect particle transport and confinement. The toroidal rotation is altered using the co- and counter neutral beam injection (NBI) in low collisionality H-mode plasmas on DIII-D (Luxon 2002 Nucl. Fusion 42 614) with dominant electron cyclotron heating (ECH). We find that there is no correlation between the toroidal rotation shear and the inverse density gradient, which is observed on AUG when T-e/T-i is varied using ECH (Angioni et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 215003). In DIII-D, we find that in a discharge with balanced …

Examining Spring-Neap Cycle Variation In Bed Erodibility In The York River Estuary, Va: A Numerical Study, Danielle Tarpley, Courtney Harris, Carl Friedrichs

Presentations

The York River estuary is categorized as micro-tidal with a tidal range ~0.8 m; however, periodically produce enough shear stress to erode sediment from the bed and redistribute it along the estuary. However, the supply of mobile sediment differs over various temporal and spatial scales. The primary focus here is to examine the tidal variation in bed mobility by comparing variations in bed erodibility over the spring-neap cycle. To accomplish this goal, the Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS) is implemented in a three-dimensional domain using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). This version of the CSTMS accounts for suspended …

Influence Of Suspended Particle Properties On Optical Properties And Resultant Water Clarity Along A Partially-Mixed Estuary, York River, Virginia, Usa, Kelsey Fall, Carl Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartwright, David Bowers

Presentations

The Chesapeake Bay and its associated tidal tributaries are among the many coastal systems where degraded water clarity is a major concern. Despite long-term decreases in sediment input, water clarity has continued to deteriorate, especially in the southern Bay. Here it is proposed that the disconnect between water clarity and sediment input is related to the dynamic nature of locally suspended estuarine particles, as well as the interaction between suspended organic particles and inorganic solids. Typical estuarine particles are not single solid particles, but clusters of inorganic and organic particles and water (i.e., flocs). Floc properties (such as size, composition, …

What Controls Bed Erodibility In Muddy, Partially-Mixed Estuaries? Insights From The York River, Virginia, Carl Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartwright, P.J. Dickhudt, Kelsey Fall

Presentations

Appropriate parameterization of time-dependent erodibility of muddy seabeds is a significant barrier to improved understanding and accurate modeling of sediment dynamics in estuaries and other coastal regions. In an effort to better understand controls on muddy seabed erodibility, bed erodibility and associated bed sediment properties have been measured by our group on cores collected on dozens of cruises over the last decade in the York Estuary. We have also inferred time-varying erodibility indirectly in the York Estuary over several years by vertically integrating observations of tidally-varying suspended sediment concentration. This presentation synthesizes the results of these long-term observations in this …

Integrated Assessment Of Oyster Reef Ecosystem Services: Fish And Crustacean Utilization And Trophic Linkages, M. Lisa Kellogg, Paige G. Ross, Mark Luckenbach, Jennifer C. Dreyer, Manisha Pant, Alan Birch, Sean Fate, Edward Smith, Kennedy Paynter

Reports

Using a regression design that encompassed the continuum of oyster reef biomass density in Harris Creek, MD, from unrestored reefs to those restored reefs with the greatest oyster biomass, we examined finfish and crustacean utilization of these habitats. Of the eight sites studied, three had not been subject to any restoration activities and five had been planted in 2012 with juvenile oysters set on oyster shell. All sites were sampled in April, June, August, and October 2015. During each sampling period, we assessed abundance, total length and biomass of finfish and examined gut contents to assess the diets of selected …

Ultrafast Multidimensional Laplace Nmr Using A Single-Sided Magnet, Jared N. King, Vanessa J. Lee, Susanna Ahola, Ville-Veikko Telkki, Tyler Meldrum

Arts & Sciences Articles

Laplace NMR (LNMR) consists of relaxation and diffusion measurements providing detailed information about molecular motion and interaction. Here we demonstrate that ultrafast single- and multidimensional LNMR experiments, based on spatial encoding, are viable with low-field, single-sided magnets with an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This approach shortens the experiment time by one to two orders of magnitude relative to traditional experiments, and increases the sensitivity per unit time by a factor of three. The reduction of time required to collect multidimensional data opens significant prospects for mobile chemical analysis using NMR. Particularly tantalizing is future use of hyperpolarization to increase sensitivity by …

Nitrogen Sources And Net Growth Efficiency Of Zooplankton In Three Amazon River Plume Food Webs, Natalie Loick-Wilde, Sarah C. Weber, Brandon J. Condon, Douglas G. Capone, Victoria J. Coles, Patricia M. Medeiros, Deborah K. Steinberg, Joseph P. Montoya

VIMS Articles

The plasticity of nitrogen specific net growth efficiency (NGE) in marine mesozooplankton is currently unresolved, with discordant lines of evidence suggesting that NGE is constant, or that it varies with nitrogen source, food availability, and food quality in marine ecosystems. Specifically, the fate of nitrogen from nitrogen fixation is poorly known. We use ¹⁵N : ¹⁴N ratios in plankton in combination with hydrological data, nutrient profiles, and nitrogen fixation rate measurements to investigate the relationship between new nitrogen sources and the nitrogen specific NGE in three plankton communities along the outer Amazon River plume. The NGE of small …