Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Identification Of Suspended Resilient Pellets In Particles Tracked By A Particle Image Camera System (Pics) In A Muddy Estuary, Grace M. Cartwright, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs

Presentations

The Particle Imaging Camera System (PICS) was designed to allow for the measurement of the settling velocity of individual particles in situ by using the smaller particles (< density < 1800kg/m3 ). This classification system, while adequate for suspended dredge plumes, needs to be revisited when the PICS is used in a muddy estuary, such as the York River Estuary, Virginia. Figure 1B shows the settling velocities of particles tracked within a video captured 2.5m from the surface in the Clay Bank region of the York River, plotted against their equivalent spherical diameters. While most of the particles are classified as flocs, as indicated by the blue dots in Figure 1C and the peak in the relative number of particles in Figure 1E, there is still a large number of particles classified as “bed aggregates” (red dots). This number of higher density particles may be unexpected, as this video was captured 4.25m over a “muddy bed” in a natural system with a flood current of 40cm/s. However, biologically compacted mud in the form of resilient pellets (see Figure 2) may be the answer. Bed sediments from five sediment cruises during this study period (Aug 2012 – Nov 2014) were found to be comprised of 86-96% mud (Figure 3A). However, 9-14% of the mud was packaged as resilient pellets (Figure 3B). Sediment captured 38cm above the bed by traps deployed on tripods were found to have 92-98% mud, with 4-14% of the mud packaged as resilient pellets (Figures 3A and B). Pellets isolated from the Apr to Jul 2014 trap were sampled with the PICS to determine the distribution of settling velocities (Ws), particle densities, and the ratio of the long and short axis of the particles. This will be used to identify the pellets in PICS videos captured during the five 6h anchor stations (black lines in Figure 3) where three depths were sampled each hour.

Controls On Bed Erodibility In A Muddy, Partially-Mixed Estuary: York River, Virginia, Usa, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartwright, Patrick J. Dickhut, Kelsey A. Fall

Presentations

Appropriate parameterization of time-dependent erodibility of muddy seabeds is a significant barrier to improved understanding and accurate modelling of sediment dynamics in estuaries and other coastal regions. In an effort to better understand controls on muddy seabed erodibility, bed erodibility and associated bed sediment properties have been measured by our group on cores collected on dozens of cruises over the last decade in the York Estuary (e.g., Dickhudt et al., 2009, 2011; Kraatz, 2013). We have also inferred time-varying erodibility indirectly in the York Estuary over several years by vertically integrating observations of tidally-varying suspended sediment concentration (e.g. Friedrichs et …

Propagation Of Tidal Waves Up In Yangtze Estuary During The Dry Season, Sheng Lu, Chaofeng Tong, Dong-Young Lee, Jinhai Zheng, Jian Shen, Wei Zhang, Yixin Yan

VIMS Articles

Tide is one of the most important hydrodynamic driving forces and has unique features in the Yangtze Estuary (YE) due to the complex geometry of third-order bifurcations and four outlets. This paper characterizes the tidal oscillations, tidal dampening, tidal asymmetry, and tidal wave propagation, which provides insights into the response of the estuary to tides during the dry season. The structural components of tidal oscillations are initially attained by tidal analysis. The increasingly richer spectrum inside the estuary shows an energy transfer corresponding to the generation and development of nonlinear overtides and compound tides. A 2-D numerical model is further …

Decadal Re-Evaluation Of Contaminant Exposure And Productivity Of Ospreys (Pandion Haliaetus) Nesting In Chesapeake Bay Regions Of Concern, Rs Lazarus, Ba Rattner, Pc Mcgowan, Robert Hale, Et Al

VIMS Articles

The last large-scale ecotoxicological study of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in Chesapeake Bay was conducted in 2000-2001 and focused on U.S. EPA-designated Regions of Concern (ROCs; Baltimore Harbor/Patapsco, Anacostia/middle Potomac, and Elizabeth Rivers). In 2011-2012, ROCs were re-evaluated to determine spatial and temporal trends in productivity and contaminants. Concentrations of p,p'-DDE were low in eggs and below the threshold associated with eggshell thinning. Eggs from the Anacostia/middle Potomac Rivers had lower total PCB concentrations in 2011 than in 2000; however, concentrations remained unchanged in Baltimore Harbor. Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants declined by 40%, and five alternative brominated flame retardants were …

Stafford County, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods And Guidelines, Marcia Berman, Karinna Nunez, Sharon Killeen, Tamia Rudnicky, Julie Bradshaw, Karen Duhring, David Stanhope, David Weiss, Carl Hershner

Reports

The data inventory developed for the Shoreline Inventory is based on a three tiered shoreline assessment approach. This assessment characterizes conditions that can be observed from a small boat navigating along the shoreline or by using observations made remotely at the desktop using high resolution imagery. The three tiered shoreline assessment approach divides the shorezone into three regions:

1) the immediate riparian zone, evaluated for land use; 2) the bank, evaluated for height, cover and natural protection; and 3) the shoreline, describing the presence of shoreline structures for shore protection and recreational purposes.

The 2015 Inventory for Stafford County was …

Evaluating Recruitment Of American Eel, Anguilla Rostrata, In The Potomac River (Spring 2015), Troy D. Tuckey, Mary C. Fabrizio

Reports

The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) adopted the Interstate Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the American Eel in November 1999. The FMP focuses on increasing coastal states’ efforts to collect American Eel data through both fishery‐dependent and fishery‐independent studies. Consequently, member jurisdictions agreed to implement an annual survey for young‐of‐year (YOY) American Eels. The survey is intended to “…characterize trends in annual recruitment of the YOY eels over time [to produce a] qualitative appraisal of the annual recruitment of American Eel to the U.S. Atlantic Coast” (ASMFC 2000). The development of these surveys began in 2000 with full implementation …

Shoreline Evolution: Stafford County, Virginia Potomac River And Rappahannock River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Stafford County is situated along the upper reaches of the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers. Because the County’s shoreline is continually changing, determining where the shoreline was in the past, how far and how fast it is moving, and what factors drive shoreline change will help define where the shoreline will be going in the future. These rates and patterns of shore change along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores will differ through time as winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of …

Tidal Flat Morphodynamics: A Synthesis, Carl T. Friedrichs

Presentations

Tidal flats commonly occur along coasts where the tidal range is large relative to typical wave height. They can be found where hydrodynamic energy is high or low, where sediments are sandy or muddy, and where shorelines are prograding, retreating, or stable. The study of the morphology and evolution of tidal flats is particularly well suited in the context of morphodynamics since characteristics such as profile shape, bed slope, and grain size clearly and systematically vary as a function of sediment supply and wave and tidal forcing, and the nature of wave- and tide-induced velocities across tidal flats is, in …

Historical Summer Distribution Of The Endangered North Atlantic Right Whale (Eubalaena Glacialis): A Hypothesis Based On Environmental Preferences Of A Congeneric Species, Sophie Monserrat, Maria G. Pennino, Tim D. Smith, Randall R. Reeves, Christine N. Meynard, David M. Kaplan, Ana S.L. Rodrigues

VIMS Articles

Aim: To obtain a plausible hypothesis for the historical distribution of North Atlantic right whales (NARWs) (Eubalaena glacialis) in their summer feeding grounds. Previously widespread in the North Atlantic, after centuries of hunt- ing, these whales survive as a small population off eastern North America. Because their exploitation began before formal records started, information about their historical distribution is fragmentary.

Comt Chesapeake Bay Hypoxia Modeling, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, I. Irby, A. Bever, M. Scully

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Modeling Storm Surge And Inundation In Washington, Dc, During Hurricane Isabel And The 1936 Potomac River Great Flood, Harry V. Wang, Jon Derek Loftis, David R. Forrest, Wade Smith, Barry Stamey

VIMS Articles

Abstract: Washington, DC, the capital of the U.S., is located along the Upper Tidal Potomac River, where a reliable operational model is needed for making predictions of storm surge and river-induced flooding. We set up a finite volume model using a semi-implicit, Eulerian-Lagrangian scheme on a base grid (200 m) and a special feature of sub-grids (10 m), sourced with high-resolution LiDAR data and bathymetry surveys. The model domain starts at the fall line and extends 120 km downstream to Colonial Beach, VA. The model was used to simulate storm tides during the 2003 Hurricane Isabel. The water level measuring …

Marine Debris & Microplastics: Sources & Solutions For Coastal Virginia, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Rivers & Coast is a periodic publication of the Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The goal of Rivers & Coast is to keep readers well informed of current scientific understanding behind key environmental issues related to watershed rivers and coastal ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay.

Physics 201: Modern Physics, Jamie Leach, Marc T. Sher

Arts & Sciences Open Educational Resources

Following the spirit of the new curriculum, it was decided to convert the Modern Physics course, Physics 201, into a course with a COLL200 attribute. The course covered the basics of relativity and quantum mechanics, and typically has 50-60 students. It was desired to include a substantial discussion of the historical and social significance of the material.

Challenges Associated With Operational Modeling Of Low-Oxygen Waters In Chesapeake Bay: Results From A Multiple Modeling Effort, I. D. Irby, M. A.M. Friedrichs, C. T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Phase Transition In Bulk Single Crystals And Thin Films Of Vo2 By Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy And Imaging, Mengkun Liu, Aaron J. Sternbach, (...), M. M. Qazilbash, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

We have systematically studied a variety of vanadium dioxide (VO2) crystalline forms, including bulk single crystals and oriented thin films, using infrared (IR) near-field spectroscopic imaging techniques. By measuring the IR spectroscopic responses of electrons and phonons in VO2 with sub-grain-size spatial resolution (similar to 20 nm), we show that epitaxial strain in VO2 thin films not only triggers spontaneous local phase separations, but also leads to intermediate electronic and lattice states that are intrinsically different from those found in bulk. Generalized rules of strain-and symmetry-dependent mesoscopic phase inhomogeneity are also discussed. These results set the stage for a comprehensive …

Including Fine-Grained Sediment Processes Within Numerical Representations Of A Partially-Mixed Estuary, The York River, Virginia, Danielle Tarpley, Courtney Harris, Carl Friedrichs, Kelsey Fall

Presentations

The Community Sediment Transport Modeling System (CSTMS) is being used to represent conditions in the York River, Virginia, a partially-mixed tidal tributary of Chesapeake Bay. Our modeling approach includes both an idealized two-dimensional longitudinal representation of the estuary, and a more realistic full three-dimensional model of the York River. Both have been implemented using versions of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Our modeling efforts have been motivated by a rich set of observation data from in-situ measurements made by acoustic Doppler velocimeters (ADVs), a pulse coherent acoustic Doppler profiler (PC-ADP), a laser in-situ scattering and transmissometry (LISST), and a …

Precision Measurements Of A1n In The Deep Inelastic Regime, Diana S. Parno, David Flay, Matthew Posik, Kalyan C. Allada, Whitney Armstrong, Todd Averett, Fatiha Benmokhtar, William Bertozzi, Alexandre Camsonne, Mustafa Canan, Gordon D. Cates, Chunhua Chen, Jian-Ping Chen, Sunghyun Choi, Eugene Chudakov, Francesco Cusanno, Mark M. Dalton, Wouter Deconick, Kees W. De Jager, Xiaochao Deng, Alexandre Deur, Chiranjib Dutta, Lamiaa El Fassi, Gregg B. Franklin, Megan Friend, Haiyan Gao, Franco Garibaldi, Shalev Gilad, Ronald Gilman, Oleksandr Glamazdin, Serkan Golge, Javier Gomez, Lei Guo, Ole Hansen, Douglas W. Higenbotham, Timothy Holmstrom, Jacob Huang, Charles Hyde, Hassan F. Ibrahim, Xiaodong Jiang, Ge Jin, Joseph Katich, Aidan Kelleher, Ameya Kolarkar, Wolfgang Korsch, Gerfried Kumbartzki, John J. Lerose, Richard Lindgren, Nilanga Liyanage, Elena Long, Alex Lukhanin, Vahe Mamyan, Dustin Mcnulty, Zein-Eddine Meziani, Robert Michaels, Miha Mihovilovic, Bryan Moffit, Navaphon Muangma, Sirish Nanda, Amrendra Narayan, Vladimir Nelyubin, Blaine Norum, Nuruzzaman Nuruzzaman, Yoomin Oh, Jen-Chieh Peng, Xin Qian, Yi Qiang, Abdurahim Rakhman, Seamus Riordan, Arun Saha, Bradley Sawatzky, Mitra H. Shabestari, Albert Shahinyan, Simon Širca, Patricia Solvignon, Ramesh Subedi, Vincent Sulkosky, William A. Tobias, Wolfgang Troth, Diancheng Wang, Youcai Wang, Bogdan Wojtsekhowski, Xinhu Yan, Huan Yao, Yunxiu Ye, Zhihong Ye, Lulin Yuan, Xiaohui Zhan, Li Zhang, Yawei Zhang, Bo Zhao, Xiaochao Zheng

Articles

We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin virtual-photon asymmetry A₁A1 on the neutron in the deep inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry, large-acceptance spectrometer and a longitudinally and transversely polarized ³He target. Our data cover a wide kinematic range 0.277≤x≤0.5480.277≤x≤0.548 at an average Q²Q2 value of 3.078 (GeV/c)², doubling the available high-precision neutron data in this x range. We have combined our results with world data on proton targets to make a leading-order extraction of the ratio of polarized-to-unpolarized parton distribution functions for up quarks and for down quarks in the same …

Factors Affecting Munitions Mobility Underwater, C. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Precision Measurements Of A^N1 In The Deep Inelastic Regime, Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Todd Averett

Arts & Sciences Articles

We have performed precision measurements of the double-spin virtual-photon asymmetry A1 on the neutron in the deep inelastic scattering regime, using an open-geometry, large-acceptance spectrometer and a longitudinally and transversely polarized 3He target. Our data cover a wide kinematic range 0.277 ≤ x ≤ 0.548 at an average Q 2 value of 3.078 (GeV/c)2, doubling the available high-precision neutron data in this x range. We have combined our results with world data on proton targets to make a leading-order extraction of the ratio of polarized-to-unpolarized parton distribution functions for up quarks and for down quarks in the same kinematic range. …

Modification Of Electronic Structure In Compressively Strained Vanadium Dioxide Films, T. J. Huffman, Peng Xu, A. J. Hollingshad, M. M. Qazilbash, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a phase transition between an insulating monoclinic phase and a conducting rutile phase. Like other correlated electron systems, the properties of VO2 can be extremely sensitive to small changes in external parameters such as strain. In this paper, we investigate a compressively strained VO2 film grown on (001) quartz substrate in which the phase transition temperature (T-c) has been depressed to 325 K from the bulk value of 340 K. Infrared and optical spectroscopy reveals that the lattice dynamics of this strained film are similar to unstrained VO2. However, some of the electronic interband transitions of …

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2014, Susanna Musick, Lewis Gillingham

Reports

Through 2014, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program has maintained a 19-year database of records for tagged and recaptured fish. The program is a cooperative project of the Virginia Saltwater Fishing Tournament (under the Virginia Marine Resources Commission-VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) of the College of William and Mary (under the VIMS Marine Advisory Program).

Precision Measurement Of The P(E,E ' P)Pi(0) Reaction At Threshold, K. Chirapatpimol, (...), David S. Armstrong, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

New results are reported from a measurement of pi(0) electroproduction near threshold using the p(e , e'p)pi(0) reaction. The experiment was designed to determine precisely the energy dependence of s- and p-wave electromagnetic multipoles as a stringent test of the predictions of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). The data were taken with an electron beam energy of 1192 MeV using a two-spectrometer setup in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. For the first time, complete coverage of the. phi*(pi) and. theta*(pi) angles in the p pi(0) center of mass was obtained for invariant energies above threshold from 0.5 up to 15 MeV. …

The Q(Weak) Experimental Apparatus, T. Allison, (...), David S. Armstrong, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

The Jefferson Lab experiment determined the weak charge of the proton by measuring the parity-violating elastic scattering asymmetry of longitudinally polarized electrons from an unpolarized liquid hydrogen target at small momentum transfer. A custom apparatus was designed for this experiment to meet the technical challenges presented by the smallest and most precise (e) over right arrowp asymmetry ever measured. Technical milestones were achieved at Jefferson Lab in target power, beam current, beam helicity reversal rate, polarimetry, detected rates, and control of helicity-correlated beam properties. The experiment employed 180 mu A of 89% longitudinally polarized electrons whose helicity was reversed 960 …

Measurement Of Parity-Violating Asymmetry In Electron-Deuteron Inelastic Scattering, Wouter Deconinck

Articles

The parity-violating asymmetries between a longitudinally polarized electron beam and an unpolarized deuterium target have been measured recently. The measurement covered two kinematic points in the deep-inelastic scattering region and five in the nucleon resonance region. We provide here details of the experimental setup, data analysis, and results on all asymmetry measurements including parity-violating electron asymmetries and those of inclusive pion production and beam-normal asymmetries. The parity-violating deep-inelastic asymmetries were used to extract the electron-quark weak effective couplings, and the resonance asymmetries provided the first evidence for quark-hadron duality in electroweak observables. These electron asymmetries and their interpretation were published …

Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad And River Herring In Virginia Rivers 2014 Annual Report, Eric J. Hilton, Rob Latour, Brian Watkins, Ashleigh Magee

Reports

Concern about the decline in landings of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Atlantic coast prompted the development of an interstate fisheries management plan (FMP) under the auspices of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Program (ASMFC 1999). Legislation enables imposition of federal sanctions on fishing in those states that fail to comply with the FMP. To be in compliance, coastal states are required to implement and maintain fishery-dependent and fishery-independent monitoring programs as specified by the FMP. For Virginia, these requirements include spawning stock assessments, the collection of biological data on the spawning run (e.g., age-structure, sex ratio, and …

Skill Assessment Of Multiple Hydrodynamic-Dissolved Oxygen Models In Chesapeake Bay, I. Irby, M. A.M. Friedrichs, C. T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

The Estuarine Hypoxia Component Of The Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed: Providing Environmental Intelligence To Decision-Makers In The Chesapeake Bay Region, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, L. Lanerolle, Carl T. Friedrichs, R. Hood

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Locally Smeared Operator Product Expansions In Scalar Field Theory, Christopher J. Monahan, Kostas Orginos

Arts & Sciences Articles

We propose a new locally smeared operator product expansion to decompose nonlocal operators in terms of a basis of smeared operators. The smeared operator product expansion formally connects nonperturbative matrix elements determined numerically using lattice field theory to matrix elements of nonlocal operators in the continuum. These nonperturbative matrix elements do not suffer from power-divergent mixing on the lattice, which significantly complicates calculations of quantities such as the moments of parton distribution functions, provided the smearing scale is kept fixed in the continuum limit. The presence of this smearing scale complicates the connection to the Wilson coefficients of the standard …

Measurement Of Parity-Violating Asymmetry In Electron-Deuteron Inelastic Scattering, D. Wang, (...), D. S. Armstrong, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

The parity-violating asymmetries between a longitudinally polarized electron beam and an unpolarized deuterium target have been measured recently. The measurement covered two kinematic points in the deep-inelastic scattering region and five in the nucleon resonance region. We provide here details of the experimental setup, data analysis, and results on all asymmetry measurements including parity-violating electron asymmetries and those of inclusive pion production and beam-normal asymmetries. The parity-violating deep-inelastic asymmetries were used to extract the electron-quark weak effective couplings, and the resonance asymmetries provided the first evidence for quark-hadron duality in electroweak observables. These electron asymmetries and their interpretation were published …

Dual-Sensor Fluorescent Probes Of Surfactant-Induced Unfolding Of Human Serum Albumin, Christopher J. Abelt

Arts & Sciences Articles

Two extrinsic fluorescent probes, 3-(dimethylamino)-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta[a]naphthalen-7-one (1) and 7-(dimethylamino)-2,3-dihydrophenanthren-4(1H)-one (2), are used to probe the unfolding of human serum albumin by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). These probes respond separately to the polarity and H-bond-donating ability of their surroundings. Competitive binding experiments show that fluorophore 1 binds to site I (domain IIA) and 2 binds to site II (domain IIIA). The local acidity of 1 in site I is out of the sensing range of 1, whereas the local acidity of 2 in site II is calculated to be nearly zero on Catalans solvent acidity index. Both probes show that the first …