Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Skill Assessment Of Multiple Hypoxia Models In Chesapeake Bay And Implications For Management Decisions, I. D. Irby, M. A.M. Friedrichs, C. T. Friedrichs, R. Hood

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Combining Observations And Numerical Model Results To Improve Estimates Of Hypoxic Volume Within The Chesapeake Bay, A. J. Bever, M. A.M. Friedrichs, C. T. Friedrichs, M. E. Scully

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Linking Structural And Functional Characteristics Of Restored Oyster Reefs : A Restoration Project In The Virginia Coast Reserve, M. Lisa Kellogg, Jeffrey C. Cornwell, Michael S. Owens, Mark Luckenbach, Paige G. Ross, Bowdoin Lusk

Reports

Eighteen native oyster reefs (16-m2 each) were restored using six oyster densities (0, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 adult oysters m-2) with three replicates of each density at an intertidal site in The Nature Conservancy’s Virginia Coast Reserve. Reef construction was successful and continues to provide a range of oyster biomass densities useful for exploring relationships between oyster reef structural and functional parameters. Between April 2012 and July 2013, a science-based monitoring program explored quantitative relationships between structural and functional characteristics of these restored reefs. Structural parameters examined included oyster abundance, oyster size/biomass, surface shell volume, reef topographic complexity …

A Model For Estimating The Tmdl-Related Benefits Of Oyster Reef Restoration : Harris Creek, Maryland, Usa, M. Lisa Kellogg, Mark Brush, Elizabeth W. North, Younjoo Lee

Reports

A user-friendly, web-accessible model has been developed that allows restoration practitioners and resource managers to easily estimate the TMDL-related benefits of oyster reef restoration per unit area, run restoration scenarios in Harris Creek, MD to optimize restoration planning and implementation, and calculate the benefits of the chosen plan. The model is rooted in scientifically defensible data and is readily transferable to systems throughout the Chesapeake Bay and Eastern Shore. The model operates in five vertically well-mixed boxes along the main axis of the creek. Exchanges among creeks are computed using a tidal prism approach and were compared to exchanges provided …

Multiplatform, Multidisciplinary Investigations Of The Impacts Of Modified Circumpolar Deep Water In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Walker O. Smith Jr., Kt Goetz, De Kaufman, By Queste, V Asper, Dp Costa, Ms Dinniman, Mam Friedrichs, Et Al

VIMS Articles

In 2010-2011, three projects combined to characterize the temporal and spatial distributions of Modified circumpolar Deep Water (MCDW) in the Ross Sea using icebreaker-based sampling, gliders, instrumented seals, and hindcasts from a numerical circulation model. The fieldwork cearly identified MCDW throughout the Ross Sea, and the lata were used to determine its influence on potential heat.md nutrient inputs and biotic distributions. Furthermore, the numerical simulations confirm its apparent trajectory and location. Substantial small-scale variability in oceanographic and biological distributions suggests that such variability may play an important role in biogeochemical cycles. Data from the three projects provide a view of …

The Influence Of Ca2+ Buffers On Free [Ca2+] Fluctuations And The Effective Volume Of Ca2+ Microdomains, Seth H. Weinberg, Gregory D. Smith

Arts & Sciences Articles

Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) plays a significant role in many cell signaling pathways, some of which are localized to spatially restricted microdomains. Ca2+ binding proteins (Ca2+ buffers) play an important role in regulating Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]). Buffers typically slow [Ca2+] temporal dynamics and increase the effective volume of Ca2+ domains. Because fluctuations in [Oa(2+)] decrease in proportion to the square-root of a domain's physical volume, one might conjecture that buffers decrease [Ca2+] fluctuations and, consequently, mitigate the significance of small domain volume concerning Ca2+ signaling. We test this hypothesis through mathematical and computational analysis of idealized buffer-containing domains and their stochastic …

Bathymetry Controls On The Location Of Hypoxia Facilitate Possible Real-Time Hypoxic Volume Monitoring In The Chesapeake Bay, A. J. Bever, M. A.M. Friedrichs, C. T. Friedrichs, M. E. Scully

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Skill Assessment Of Multiple Hypoxia Models In Chesapeake Bay And Implications For Management Decisions, I. D. Irby, M. A.M. Friedrichs, Y. Feng, C. T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Combining Observations And Numerical Model Results To Improve Estimates Of Hypoxic Volume Within The Chesapeake Bay, A. J. Bever, M. A.M. Friedrichs, C. T. Friedrichs, M. E. Scully

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Simple Parameterized Models For Predicting Mobility, Burial, And Re-Exposure Of Underwater Munitions, C. T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Buoyant And Gravity-Driven Transport On The Waipaoa Shelf, J. M. Moriarty, Courtney K. Harris, Carl T. Friedrichs, M. G. Hadfield

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program Annual Report 2013, Susanna Musick, Lewis Gillingham

Reports

Through 2013, the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program has maintained a 18-year database of records for tagged and recaptured fish. The program is a co- operative project of the Virginia Saltwater Fishing Tournament (under the Virginia Marine Resources Commission-VMRC) and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) of the College of William and Mary (under the VIMS Marine Advisory Program).

Salt Ponds Shore Zone Modeling For Breakwater Placement: Summary Report, Donna A. Milligan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

The City of Hampton Beachfront and Storm Protection Management Plan (Waterway Surveys, VIMS, and URS, 2011) provides a conceptual plan for the placement of structures along Hampton’s shoreline (Figure 1). The Shoreline Studies Program (SSP) at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) provided the original shoreline modeling used for this plan in 1999. The modeling was used to provide guidance on structure placement for management of the entire beach fronting shoreline. The City has built three of the structures in the Plan along the public beach at Buckroeand presently is planning to design and construct the recommended breakwater in …

The Estuarine Hypoxia Component Of The Coastal Ocean Modeling Testbed (Comt), Marjy Friedrichs, Lyon Lanerolle, Carl T. Friedrichs, Raleigh Hood

Presentations

Due to increased nutrient loads that are delivered to our coastal ecosystems, hypoxic events are becoming increasingly prevalent. In response, NOAA is working to monitor, understand and predict hypoxia in U.S. waters in order to develop strategies for forecasting these events and minimizing their detrimental effects. The Chesapeake Bay and its associated tidal tributaries, which together form one of the world’s largest and most important estuaries, is one of the coastal systems where degraded water quality and hypoxia are a major concern. Partially as a result of the number of public livelihoods affected by hypoxic events, the Chesapeake Bay is …

Composition, Distribution, And Dynamics Of Intertidal Epibiota On Coastal Defense Structures, Donna Marie Bilkovic, Molly Mitchell

Reports

Proliferation of artificial structures to protect shorelines has introduced novel habitat to most coastal environments and fragmented natural habitats. These changes can result in disrupted connectivity, habitat homogenization, and altered estuarine landscapes, with uncertain implications for estuarine and marine faunal community structure and function. In estuaries, such as Chesapeake Bay, where soft-bottom habitat dominates and rocky shorelines are rare, the introduction of artificial rocky structure may enhance recruitment of species that are limited by the availability of suitable substrate including native and introduced species (Bilkovic & Mitchell 2013). There is a significant lack of empirical data on the types of …

Monitoring Relative Abundance Of American Shad In Virginia Rivers 2013 Annual Report, Eric J. Hilton, Robert Latour, Brian Watkins, Ashleigh Magee

Reports

Concern about the decline in landings of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Atlantic coast prompted the development of an interstate fisheries management plan (FMP) under the auspices of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Program (ASMFC 1999). Legislation enables imposition of federal sanctions on fishing in those states that fail to comply with the FMP. To be in compliance, coastal states are required to implement and maintain fishery-dependent and fishery-independent monitoring programs as specified by the FMP. For Virginia, these requirements include spawning stock assessments, the collection of biological data on the spawning run (e.g., age-structure, sex ratio, and …

Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Situation And Outlook Report : Results Of The 2013 Virginia Shellfish Aquaculture Crop Reporting Survey, Karen Hudson, Thomas J. Murrary

Reports

The shellfish aquaculture industry in Virginia continues to grow, adding significant value to the state’s seafood marketplace. Today, watermen continue to harvest both hard clams and oysters from the state’s public resources, albeit at diminished rates. At the same time, Virginia’s watermen-farmers are providing growing quantities of additional quality shellfish to consumers. In recent years, folliowing the lead of the hard clam industry, a significant transition to intensive aquaculture of native oysters is underway. The once-extensive oyster planting utilizing wild seed has contracted primarily as a result of endemic oyster diseases and increasing wildlife predation of seed oysters. In its …

City Of Suffolk Shoreline Management Plan, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Donna A. Milligan, Christine A. Wilcox, Marcia Berman, Tamia Rudnicky, Karinna Nunez, Sharon A. Killeen

Reports

City of Suffolk understands that water resources are an integral part of the quality of life for its residents. The City’s Comprehensive Plan states that management of development and land disturbing activities directly affect the quality of surface water, drinking water, fisheries and wetland habitat (City of Suffolk Department of Planning, 2006).

The shores of Suffolk range from exposed open river to very sheltered creeks, and the nature of shoreline change varies accordingly. While the City’s Comprehensive Plan provides general guidance for shore erosion control, a shoreline management plan is useful for evaluating and planning shoreline management strategies appropriate for …

New Guidance For Local Wetlands Boards, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Rivers & Coast is a periodic publication of the Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The goal of Rivers & Coast is to keep readers well informed of current scientific understanding behind key environmental issues related to watershed rivers and coastal ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay.

The Storm Surge And Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling In New York City During Hurricane Sandy, Harry V. Wang, Jon Derek Loftis, Zhou Liu, David R. Forrest, Yinglong J. Zhang

VIMS Articles

Hurricane Sandy inflicted heavy damage in New York City and the New Jersey coast as the second costliest storm in history. A large-scale, unstructured grid storm tide model, Semi-implicit Eulerian Lagrangian Finite Element (SELFE), was used to hindcast water level variation during Hurricane Sandy in the mid-Atlantic portion of the U.S. East Coast. The model was forced by eight tidal constituents at the model’s open boundary, 1500 km away from the coast, and the wind and pressure fields from atmospheric model Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) provided by Weatherflow Inc. The comparisons of the modeled storm tide with the NOAA …

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 29, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

No abstract provided.

Symbolic Arma Model Analysis, Keith H. Webb, Lawrence Leemis

Arts & Sciences Articles

ARMA models provide a parsimonious and flexible mechanism for modeling the evolution of a time series. Some useful measures of these models (e.g., the autocorrelation function or the spectral density function) are tedious to compute by hand. This paper uses a computer algebra system, not simulation, to calculate measures of interest associated with ARMA models.

Early Results From The Qweak Experiment, D. Androic, David S. Armstrong, A. Asaturyan, Todd Averett

Arts & Sciences Articles

A subset of results from the recently completed Jefferson Lab Qweak experiment are reported. This experiment, sensitive to physics beyond the Standard Model, exploits the small parity-violating asymmetry in elastic ~ep scattering to provide the first determination of the proton’s weak charge Q p w. The experiment employed a 180 µA longitudinally polarized 1.16 GeV electron beam on a 35 cm long liquid hydrogen target. Scattered electrons in the angular range 6◦ < θ < 12◦ corresponding to Q2 = 0.025 GeV2 were detected in eight Cerenkov detectors arrayed symmetrically around the beam axis. The goals of the experiment were to provide a measure of Q p w to 4.2% (combined statistical and systematic error), which implies a measure of sin2 (θw) at the level of 0.3%, and to help constrain the vector weak quark charges C1u and C1d. The experimental method is described, with particular focus on the challenges associated with the world’s highest power LH2 target. The new constraints on C1u and C1d provided by the subset of the experiment’s data analyzed to date will also be shown, together with the extracted weak charge of the neutron.

Estimating Relative Abundance Of Young-Of-Year American Eel, Anguilla Rostrata, In The Virginia Tributaries Of Chesapeake Bay (Spring 2013), Troy D. Tuckey, Mary C. Fabrizio

Reports

The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) adopted the Interstate Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the American Eel in November 1999. The FMP focuses on increasing coastal states’ efforts to collect American Eel data through both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent studies. Consequently, member jurisdictions agreed to implement an annual survey for young-of-year (YOY) American Eels. The survey is intended to “…characterize trends in annual recruitment of the YOY eels over time [to produce a] qualitative appraisal of the annual recruitment of American Eel to the U.S. Atlantic Coast” (ASMFC 2000). The development of these 4 surveys began in 2000 with full …

Skill Assessment Of Multiple Hypoxia Models In Chesapeake Bay And Implications For Management Decisions, I. D. Irby, M. Friedrichs, Carl Friedrichs, Raleigh Hood

Presentations

The Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) has used their coupled watershed-water quality modeling system to develop a set of Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) for nutrients and sediment in an effort to reduce eutrophication impacts which include decreasing the seasonal occurrence of hypoxia within the Bay. The CBP is now considering the use of a multiple model approach to enhance the confidence in their model projections and to better define uncertainty. This study statistically compares the CBP regulatory model with multiple implementations of the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) in terms of skill in reproducing monthly profiles of hydrodynamics, nutrients, chlorophyll …

Added Value Of Combining Multiple Optical And Acoustic Instruments When Characterizing Fine-Grained Estuarine Suspensions, G. M. Cartwright, C. T. Friedrichs, L. P. Sanford, S. J. Smith

Presentations

Various optical and acoustic instruments have specific advantages and limitations for characterizing suspensions, and when used together more information can be obtained than with one instrument alone. The LISST 100X, for example, is a powerful tool for estimating particle size distribution, but because of the inversion method used to determine the size distribution, it is difficult to distinguish two dominate populations that peak close to one another, especially among larger grain sizes. In the York River estuary, VA, additional information obtained through the deployment of a RIPScam camera system and an ADV along with the LISST 100X allowed differentiation between …

Phytoplankton Growth Rates In The Ross Sea, Antarctica, Anna F. Mosby, Walker O. Smith Jr.

VIMS Articles

The Ross Sea is a highly productive region of the Southern Ocean, but phytoplankton growth rates there are poorly constrained. Variability in growth rates was investigated on a January−February 2012 cruise to the Ross Sea using 37 14C isotopic tracer incubations and 11 dilution experiments. We examined the effects of extended incubations on measured growth rates in 14C incubations, quantified phytoplankton growth and grazing mortality rates through dilution experiments, and analyzed the effects of irradiance on carbon:chlorophyll ratios in dilution experiments. Growth rates in 14C incubations ranged from 0.03 to 0.85 d−1. We found that chlorophyllbased phytoplankton growth rates in …

Reducing Wave-Induced Microwave Water-Level Measurement Error With A Least Squares-Designed Digital Filter, John D. Boon

VIMS Articles

A microwave water-level sensor, the Design Analysis model H-3611i, will soon enter service at tide stations operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) as part of the National Water Level Observation Network. CO-OPS tests include a multisensor deployment at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility at Duck, North Carolina, to evaluate microwave water-level measurement error over a wide range of Atlantic Ocean sea states. In situ precision and accuracy of processed (6-min average) water level is found to depend on sea state in addition to data processing methods …

Amine- And Sulfide-Sensing Copper(I) Iodide Films, James P. Killarney, Meaghan Mckinnon, Caitlin Murphy, Et Al., Robert D. Pike

Arts & Sciences Articles

Copper(I) iodide films were cast onto glass from solution. The CuI films absorb vapor-phase amine and sulfide molecules, producing a range of photoluminescent emission colors. Spectroscopic data suggest the presence of low energy CuI cluster-centered transitions.

Structure, Dynamics, And Photophysics In The Copper(I) Iodide–Tetrahydrothiophene System, Kylie M. Henline, Charles Wang, Robert D. Pike, John C. Ahern, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

Combination of CuI and tetrahydrothiophene (THT) in MeCN or neat THT produces various phases, depending upon experimental conditions. Green luminescent product (CuI)4(THT)2 (1) consists of Cu4I4 cubane units knit into a 3-D network by μ2-THT ligands. Dull yellow luminescent (CuI)10(THT)7(MeCN) (2) contains {[Cu4I4(THT)](μ2-THT)2(Cu2I2)(μ2-THT)2[Cu4I4(NCMe)]} “rungs” linked into 1-D ladders by pairs of μ2-THT ligands. Two molecular (CuI)4(THT)4 phases were found: orange luminescent 3a and yellow luminescent 3b. Triclinic 3b is the more stable phase at 25 °C, but it undergoes endothermic transformation to monoclinic 3a at 38 °C. Compound 3a transforms to a triclinic phase (3a′) that retains orange emission at …