Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Sublethal Effects Of Methylmercury On Flight Performance And Molt In European Starlings (Sturnus Vulgaris), Jenna Rae Carlson

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Studies Of Molecular Dynamics Of Fmoc-Alanine-D3 Through Solid State Deuteron Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Jianhua Sun

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Are Occupancy Models Feasible Alternatives To Collecting Breeding Data?, Morgan D. Niccoli

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Methylmercury Exposure Affects Risk-Taking Behaviors In Zebra Finches: Tradeoffs Between Eating And Being Eaten, Megan Elizabeth Kobiela

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Polymeric Radiation Shielding For Applications In Space: Polyimide Synthesis And Modeling Of Multi-Layered Polymeric Shields, Clinton Cleveland Schiavone

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Tracelab: Reproducing Empirical Software Engineering Research, Evan Alexander Moritz

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Network Traffic Aware Smartphone Energy Savings, Andrew Joseph Pyles

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

In today's world of ubiquitous Smartphone use, extending the battery life has become an important issue. A significant contributor to battery drain is wireless networking. Common usage patterns expect Smartphones to maintain a constant Internet connection which exacerbates the problem.;Our research entitled A Network Traffic Approach to Smartphone Energy Savings focuses on extending Smartphone battery life by investigating how network traffic impacts power management of wireless devices. We explore 1) Real-time VoIP application energy savings by exploiting silence periods in conversation. WiFi is opportunistically placed into low power mode during Silence periods. 2.) The priority of Smartphone Application network traffic …

Gis Data: City Of Poquoson, Virgina Shoreline Inventory Report, Marcia Berman, Karinna Nunez, Sharon Killeen, Tamia Rudnicky, Carl Hershner, David Stanhope, David Weiss, Julie Bradshaw, Christine Tombleson

Data

The Shoreline Management Model is a GIS spatial model that determines appropriate shoreline best management practices using available spatial data and decision tree logic. Available shoreline conditions used in the model include the presence or absence of tidal marshes, beaches, and forested riparian buffers, bank vegetation cover, bank height, wave exposure (fetch), nearshore water depth, and proximity of coastal development to the shoreline. The model output for shoreline best management practices is displayed in the locality Comprehensive Map Viewer. One GIS shapefile is developed that describes two arcs or lines representing practices in the upland area and practices at the …

Excited State Calculations In Solids By Auxiliary-Field Quantum Monte Carlo, Fengjie Ma, Shiwei Zhang, Henry Krakauer

Arts & Sciences Articles

We present an approach for ab initio many-body calculations of excited states in solids. Using auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo, we introduce an orthogonalization constraint with virtual orbitals to prevent collapse of the stochastic Slater determinants in the imaginary-time propagation. Trial wave functions from density-functional calculations are used for the constraints. Detailed band structures can be calculated. Results for standard semiconductors are in good agreement with experiments; comparisons are also made with GW calculations and the connections and differences are discussed. For the challenging ZnO wurtzite structure, we obtain a fundamental band gap of 3.26(16) eV, consistent with experiments.

Analysis Of Spark Versus Non-Spark Mediated Sr Calcium Leak Using A Langevin Description Of Stochastic Calcium Release, Xiao Wang, Seth H. Weinberg, Gregory D. Smith, Yan Hao, Eric A. Sobie

Arts & Sciences Articles

No abstract provided.

Discrete-State Stochastic Models Of Calcium-Regulated Calcium Influx And Subspace Dynamics Are Not Well-Approximated By Odes That Neglect Concentration Fluctuations, Seth H. Weinberg, Gregory D. Smith

Arts & Sciences Articles

Cardiac myocyte calcium signaling is often modeled using deterministic ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and mass-action kinetics. However, spatially restricted “domains” associated with calcium influx are small enough (e.g., 10−17 liters) that local signaling may involve 1–100 calcium ions. Is it appropriate to model the dynamics of subspace calcium using deterministic ODEs or, alternatively, do we require stochastic descriptions that account for the fundamentally discrete nature of these local calcium signals? To address this question, we constructed a minimal Markov model of a calcium-regulated calcium channel and associated subspace. We compared the expected value of fluctuating subspace calcium concentration (a result …

Shoreline Evolution: City Of Virginia Beach, Virginia, Chesapeake Bay, Lynnhaven River, Broad Bay, And Atlantic Ocean Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox

Reports

The City of Virginia Beach is situated along both the Atlantic Ocean and Chesapeake Bay (Figure 1). Through time, the City’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future.Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.
The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of the City of Virginia Beach has evolved since 1937. Aerial imagery was taken for …

Regulatory Fidelity To Guidance In Virginia’S Tidal Wetlands Program, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

The Commonwealth of Virginia manages its tidal wetlands resources through implementation of the Tidal Wetlands Act (Va. Code §28.2-1300 et seq.). This Act establishes a state-local regulatory program providing the option for local governments located in the coastal zone to voluntarily assume the primary responsibility for local implementation, through a citizen wetlands board, with oversight by the Virginia Marine Resources Commission (VMRC). The Tidal Wetlands Act charges local wetlands boards with balancing the preservation and use of tidal wetlands in order to protect the ecosystem services they provide. In addition, Virginia has an established state policy of no-net loss of …

Hydrodynamics And Morphology Of Equilibrium Tidal Freshwater Channels, Carl Friedrichs

Presentations

This presentation addresses the dynamics and morphology of near-equilibrium tidal freshwater channels. The dynamics considered are based on sectionally-averaged current velocity and a barotropic momentum balance. A series of geometries are examined which attempt to encompass generic, reasonably realistic scenarios for tidal fresh water channels found in nature. This work presents and scales the governing equations of mass and momentum conservation. An essential step in this process is the identification of key length scales, corresponding inverse length scales (or "spatial rates of change"), and dimensionless ratios to be used subsequently to determine when and where to keep or neglect various …

Influence Of Natural And Novel Organic Carbon Sources On Denitrification In Forest, Degraded Urban, And Restored Streams, Ta Newcomer, Ss Kaushal, Pm Mayer, Ar Shields, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Et Al

VIMS Articles

Organic carbon is important in regulating ecosystem function, and its source and abundance may be altered by urbanization. We investigated shifts in organic carbon quantity and quality associated with urbanization and ecosystem restoration, and its potential effects on denitrification at the riparian-stream interface. Field measurements of streamwater chemistry, organic carbon characterization, and laboratory-based denitrification experiments were completed at two forested, two restored, and two unrestored urban streams at the Baltimore Long-Term Ecological Research site, Maryland, USA. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate loads increased with runoff according to a power-law function that varied across sites. Stable isotopes and molar C:N …

Ultra-Thin Perfect Absorber Employing A Tunable Phase Change Material, Mikhail A. Kats, Deepika Sharma, (...), M. M. Qazilbash, Et Al.

Arts & Sciences Articles

We show that perfect absorption can be achieved in a system comprising a single lossy dielectric layer of thickness much smaller than the incident wavelength on an opaque substrate by utilizing the nontrivial phase shifts at interfaces between lossy media. This design is implemented with an ultra-thin (∼λ/65) vanadium dioxide (VO2) layer on sapphire, temperature tuned in the vicinity of the VO2 insulator-to-metal phase transition, leading to 99.75% absorption at λ = 11.6 μm. The structural simplicity and large tuning range (from ∼80% to 0.25% in reflectivity) are promising for thermal emitters, modulators, and bolometers.

Shoreline Evolution Update: 1937/38-2009 End Point Rate Calculations Counties Of Accomack, Gloucester, And York Cities Of Newport News, Norfolk, And Poquoson, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, Mary C. Cox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr.

Reports

Through time, Chesapeake Bay’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments.

The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of six Virginia localities, Accomack, Gloucester, York, Newport News, Norfolk, and Poquoson, have evolved since 1937/38 (Figure 1). Aerial imagery was taken for most of the Bay region beginning then and …

2011 Chesapeake Bay Sav Coverage, Sav Data Administrator, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Data

Abstract: The 2011 Chesapeake Bay SAV Coverage was mapped from 1:24,000 black and white aerial photography to assess water quality in the Bay. Each area of SAV was interpreted from the rectified photography and classified into one of four density classes by the percentage of cover. The SAV beds were entered into an SDE GIS fetaure class using the quality control procedures documented below. The dataset contains all SAV areas that were identified from the areas flown. Some areas that are presumed to contain no SAV were not flown. Some small beds, particularly along narrow tributaries may not have been …

Estuarine Sediment Transport And Sedimentation, Carl T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Capabilities Of The Second Generation Pics Settling Column Floc Camera In A Muddy Tidal Estuary, York River, Virginia, Usa, Grace M. Cartwright, S. Jarrell Smith, Carl T. Friedrichs, Kelsey A. Fall

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Acoustic Scattering To Measure Dispersed Oil Droplet Size And Sediment Particle Size, Paul D. Panetta, Leslie Bland, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Dual Use Of A Sediment Mixing Tank For Calibrating Acoustic Backscatter And Direct Doppler Measurement Of Settling Velocity, Grace M. Cartwright, Carl T. Friedrichs, Paul D. Panetta

Presentations

While the Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) is designed to determine fluid velocity, it is important to recognize that it is actually the velocity of the scatterers themselves that is measured. Thus in a calibration tank designed to relate sediment-induced backscatter to sediment concentration, the vertical velocity registered by an ADV at a given point is actually the true fluid velocity plus the sediment’s settling velocity. And absent net vertical volume flux, the average vertical velocity registered by an ADV across a horizontal plane is equal to the mean sediment settling velocity. For this study, a series of ADV calibrations were …

Virginia Wetlands Report Vol. 27, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, Center For Coastal Resources Management

Virginia Wetlands Reports

Tidal Marsh Inventories

City Of Virginia Beach, Virginia Shoreline Inventory Report Methods And Guidelines, Marcia Berman, Harry Berquist, Sharon Killeen, Carl Hershner, Karinna Nunez, Karen Reay, Tamia Rudnicky, Daniel E. Schatt

Reports

The data inventory developed for the Shoreline Inventory is based on a three tiered shoreline assessment approach. In most cases this assessment characterizes conditions that can be observed from a small boat navigating along the shoreline. The three tiered shoreline assessment approach divides the shorezone into three regions:

1 ) the immediate riparian zone, evaluated for land use; 2 ) the bank, evaluated for height, stability, cover and natural protection; and 3 ) the shoreline, describing the presence of shoreline structures for shore protection and recreational purposes. A combination of handheld GPS units and GPS registered videography were used to …

Recurrent Flooding Study, Center For Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

Rivers & Coast is a periodic publication of the Center for Coastal Resources Management, Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The goal of Rivers & Coast is to keep readers well informed of current scientific understanding behind key environmental issues related to watershed rivers and coastal ecosystems of the Chesapeake Bay.

Impact Of Diatom-Diazotroph Associations On Carbon Export In The Amazon River Plume, Ly Yeung, Wm Berelsen, Et Al, Deborah K. Steinberg, Et Al

VIMS Articles

Offshore tropical river plumes are associated with areas of high N-2 fixation (diazotrophy) and biological carbon drawdown. Episodic blooms of the diatom Hemiaulus hauckii and its diazotrophic cyanobacterial symbiont Richelia intracellularis are believed to dominate that carbon drawdown, but the mechanism is not well understood. We report primary productivity associated with blooms of these diatom-diazotroph assemblages (DDAs) in the offshore plume of the Amazon River using simultaneous measurements of O-2/Ar ratios and the triple-isotope composition of dissolved O-2. In these blooms, we observe peaks in net community productivity, but relatively small changes in gross primary productivity, suggesting that DDA blooms …

Shoreline Evolution: Westmoreland County, Virginia Potomac River And Rappahannock River Shorelines, Donna A. Milligan, Christine Wilcox, C. Scott Hardaway Jr., Mary C. Cox

Reports

Westmoreland County is situated along the Potomac River and Rappahannock River. Through time, the County’s shoreline has evolved, and determining the rates and patterns of shore change provides the basis to know how a particular coast has changed through time and how it might proceed in the future. Along Chesapeake Bay’s estuarine shores, winds, waves, tides and currents shape and modify coastlines by eroding, transporting and depositing sediments. The purpose of this report is to document how the shore zone of Westmoreland County has evolved since 1937. Aerial imagery was taken for most of the Bay region beginning that year …

Evaluating Recruitment Of American Eel, Anguilla Rostrata, In The Potomac River (Spring 2012), Troy D. Tuckey, Mary C. Fabrizio

Reports

The Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) adopted the Interstate Fishery Management Plan (FMP) for the American eel in November 1999. The FMP focuses on increasing coastal states’ efforts to collect American eel data through both fishery-dependent and fishery-independent studies. Consequently, member jurisdictions agreed to implement an annual survey for young-of-year (YOY) American eels. The survey is intended to “…characterize trends in annual recruitment of the YOY eels over time [to produce a] qualitative appraisal of the annual recruitment of American eel to the U.S. Atlantic Coast” (ASMFC 2000). The development of these surveys began in 2000 with full implementation …

Relationships Between Erodibility And Fine-Grained Seabed Properties On Tidal To Seasonal Time-Scales, York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, Lindsey M. Kraatz, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartwright, Kelsey A. Fall

Presentations

No abstract provided.

Controls On Particle Settling Velocity And Bed Erodibility In The Presence Of Muddy Flocs And Pellets As Inferred By Advs, York River Estuary, Virginia, Usa, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs, Grace M. Cartwright

Presentations

No abstract provided.