Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Spatio-Temporal Distribution And Transport Of Suspended Sediment In Laizhou Bay: Insights From Hydrological And Sedimentological Investigations, Bo Xie, Rui Bao, Dongxiao Yin, Et Al

VIMS Articles

Suspended sediment transport and deposition are crucial physical processes controlling the geomorphological evolution of estuaries and bays. Specially, under the context of worldwide coastal erosion, knowledge of the spatio-temporal distribution of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and its associated sediment load have become increasingly important for bay management. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of suspended sediment dynamics continues to be hampered by the lack of high-resolution observations. Here, we present a study of the transport mechanisms and controlling factors of suspended sediment over Laizhou Bay. For this, we conducted continuous measurements of SSC, salinity, temperature, and flow velocity at nine …

Seasonal Controls On Nearshore Dissolved Oxygen Variability And Hypoxia In A Coastal Embayment, Ryan K. Walter, Stephen A. Huie, (...), Piero L.F. Mazzini, Ian Robbins

VIMS Articles

Declining dissolved oxygen (DO) is emerging as an increasingly important stressor in nearshore ecosystems, and there is a growing need to better understand DO dynamics and hypoxia risk in this highly variable environment. In this study, we collected data from monthly cruises on the inner shelf, continuous nearshore moorings inside and outside a small coastal upwelling embayment (San Luis Obispo Bay in Central California), and weekly phytoplankton measurements inside the bay during the upwelling season. Nearshore DO was generally dominated by low-frequency synoptic variability, with increased DO variance near the surface relative to the bottom and inside the bay compared …

Extreme Event Ecology Needs Proactive Funding, Christopher J. Patrick, Enie Hensel, John S. Kominoski, Beth A. Stauffer, William H. Mcdowell

VIMS Articles

Commentary:

Extreme events such as wildfires, hurricanes, and floods have increased in frequency and intensity. It is no longer a question of if, but rather when and where these events will occur (Stott 2016), with adverse impacts on essential ecosystem
services including clean water, harvestable materials, and carbon sequestration. In some cases, extreme events such as wildfires may have positive impacts on populations and ecosystems. Managing these impacts requires understanding how environmental context as well as ecosystem and disturbance characteristics drive system responses (Hogan et al. 2020). However, funding for ecological extreme events research, such as through the US National …

A Numerical Investigation Of Hurricane Florence-Induced Compound Flooding In The Cape Fear Estuary Using A Dynamically Coupled Hydrological-Ocean Model, Daoyang Bao, Z. George Xue, John C. Warner, Melissa Moulton, Dongxiao Yin, Et Al

VIMS Articles

Hurricane-induced compound flooding is a combined result of multiple processes, including overland runoff, precipitation, and storm surge. This study presents a dynamical coupling method applied at the boundary of a processes-based hydrological model (the hydrological modeling extension package of the Weather Research and Forecasting model) and the two-dimensional Regional Ocean Modeling System on the platform of the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport Modeling System. The coupled model was adapted to the Cape Fear River Basin and adjacent coastal ocean in North Carolina, United States, which suffered severe losses due to the compound flood induced by Hurricane Florence in 2018. The model's robustness was …

Drivers And Seasonal Variability Of Redox-Sensitive Metal Chemistry In A Shallow Subterranean Estuary, Alison E. O'Connor, Elizabeth A. Canuel, Aaron J. Beck

VIMS Articles

The subterranean estuary (STE) has been historically defined in terms of the mixing of saline and fresh water, in an analogy to surface estuaries. However, redox gradients are also a defining characteristic of the STE and influence its role as a source or sink for metals in the environment. Approaching the STE from a redox-focused biogeochemical perspective (e.g., considering the role of microbial respiration and availability of organic matter) provides the ability to quantify drivers of metal transport across spatial and temporal scales. This study measured the groundwater composition of a shallow STE over 2 years and used multiple linear …

Dynamical Controls Of The Eastward Transport Of Overwintering Calanus Finmarchicus From The Lofoten Basin To The Continental Slope, Huizi Dong, Meng Zhou, Walker O. Smith Jr., Et Al

VIMS Articles

Diapausing populations of Calanus finmarchicus at depth in the Lofoten Basin (LB) return to the continental shelf and slope off the Lofoten-Vesterålen Islands during the phytoplankton spring bloom to feed and spawn, forming surface swarms with a great abundance. To study how overwintering populations of C. finmarchicus move with the deep currents and return to the shelf, Lagrangian transport characteristics of particles in deep water between 2008 and 2019 were analyzed using Global Ocean Reanalysis and Simulation re-analysis data and Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs). Our analyses revealed that persistent eastward transport of diapausing C. finmarchicus between LB and continental slope …

Tripod Deployment: Yr071205 To Yr080204, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), YSI6600 CTD, Sequoia LISST.

Tripod Deployment: Yr090512 To Yr090610, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), YSI6600 CTD, Sequoia LISST.

Tripod Deployment: Yr100224 To Yr100908, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), YSI6600 CTD.

Tripod Deployment: Yr111209 To Yr120229, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Two Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV), YSI6600 CTD.

Tripod Deployment: Yr120626 To Yr120924, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Two Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV), YSI6600 CTD.

Tripod Deployment: Yr130610 To Yr130729, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Two Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV), RBR CTD, HOBO, Sediment Trap.

Tripod Deployment: Yr141114 To Yr150316, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), RBR CTD, Sediment Trap.

Tripod Deployment: Yr160330 To Yr160520, Awac, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Acoustic Wave and Current Profiler (AWAC).

Tripod Deployment: Yr130610 To Yr130729, Adcp And Lisst, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of burst data collected as part of a tripod deployment. The tripod included the following instruments: Sequoia LISST, RDI 1200 kHz ADCP.

Master Sampling Spreadsheet And Timeline For Mudbed Project, Cristin L. Wright, Grace M. Massey, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

The MUlti-Disciplinary Benthic Exchange Dynamics (MUDBED) project was a >15-year collaboration of multiple VIMS scientists in characterizing sediment transport within the York River estuary.

Postpandemic Outlook For Organized Criminal Activities: Agility Across The Physical, Social, And Cyber Spaces, Jim Jones, Anthony Stefanidis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

The global COVID-19 pandemic and response affected every aspect of our society, including the activities of criminal organizations. In this chapter, we discuss several examples of criminal organization agility during the pandemic, drawn from the physical, social, and cyber domains. We assess that criminal organizations are emerging from the pandemic stronger than before, the pandemic presents a unique opportunity to study criminal organization agility, and criminal organizations are more exposed after their pandemic-driven adjustments. We also assess that this adjusted criminal activity and other factors, including risky operations that expose discoverable data, create investigative opportunities that will enable a deeper …

Joint Effects Of Fragmentation And Mercury Contamination On Marsh Periwinkle (Littoraria Irrorata) Movement, Marcos Krull, Michael C. Newman

VIMS Articles

There are different ways contaminants can interact and enhance the effects of habitat fragmentation, such as modifying the movement of organisms. The present study tested the hypothesis that mercury exacerbates the effects of
fragmentation by affecting the movement of the marsh periwinkle Littoraria irrorata and reducing the probability of snails crossing fragmented microlandscape experimental systems. How these changes could affect the search efficiency of organisms in the long term was assessed using hidden Markov models and random walks simulations. Bayesian nonlinear
models were used to analyze the effects of fragmentation and contamination on the mean speed and mean directional change …

A Global Synthesis Of Human Impacts On The Multifunctionality Of Streams And Rivers, Mario Brauns, Daniel C. Allen, Iola G. Boëchat, Wyatt F. Cross, Verónica Ferreira, Daniel Graeber, Christopher J. Patrick, Et Al

VIMS Articles

Human impacts, particularly nutrient pollution and land-use change, have caused significant declines in the quality and quantity of freshwater resources. Most global assessments have concentrated on species diversity and composition, but effects on the multifunctionality of streams and rivers remain unclear. Here, we analyse the most comprehensive compilation of stream ecosystem functions to date to provide an overview of the responses of nutrient uptake, leaf litter decomposition, ecosystem productivity, and food web complexity to six globally pervasive human stressors. We show that human stressors inhibited ecosystem functioning for most stressor-function pairs. Nitrate uptake efficiency was most affected and was inhibited …

Vertical Transport Timescale Of Surface-Produced Particulate Material In The Chesapeake Bay, Jilian Xiong, Jian Shen

VIMS Articles

Accumulation and remineralization of surface-produced particulate organic matter (POM) in the water column and seabed link closely to hypoxia and the health of aquatic ecosystems. The POM retention time provides a key timescale to interpret biochemical reaction processes. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations in the vertical particulate age (VPA) of surface-produced POM, which is the mean time elapsed since the particulates last contact the surface, by incorporating major physical processes including sinking, resuspension, and deposition in the Chesapeake Bay. It was found that the vertical transport time for the particulates (i.e., VPA) is much longer than the …

Introducing R, Lawrence Leemis

Arts & Sciences Book Chapters

R is an open source programming language and interactive programming environment that has become the software tool of choice in data analytics. Learning Base R provides an introduction to the language for those with and without prior programming experience. It introduces the key topics that you will need to begin analyzing data and programming in R. The focus here is on the R language rather than a particular application. Within the text, there are 200 exercises to assess your R skills.

Sediment Survey: Yr060823, Station 3917, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Patrick J. Dickhudt, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

This dataset consists of sediment properties including grain size distribution, percent moisture, percent organic matter, sediment bed erodibility, as well as (in most cases) x-ray images of the sediment structure. Most samples were taken in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Sediment Survey: Yr070322, Station 3929, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Patrick J. Dickhudt, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

This dataset consists of sediment properties including grain size distribution, percent moisture, percent organic matter, sediment bed erodibility, as well as (in most cases) x-ray images of the sediment structure. Most samples were taken in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Sediment Survey: Yr070323, Station 3930, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Patrick J. Dickhudt, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

This dataset consists of sediment properties including grain size distribution, percent moisture, percent organic matter, sediment bed erodibility, as well as (in most cases) x-ray images of the sediment structure. Most samples were taken in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Sediment Survey: Yr111212, Station S4985-S4988, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

This dataset consists of sediment properties including grain size distribution, percent moisture, percent organic matter, sediment bed erodibility, as well as (in most cases) x-ray images of the sediment structure. Most samples were taken in support of an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV) tripod deployed in nearby location.

Tower Deployment: Yr141125 To Yr150316, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of data collected during a tower deployment of four Nortek Vector ADV sensors which were mounted at different depths in the water column to monitor suspended sediment concentrations and sizes. Conductivity and temperature were also monitored at corresponding depths.

Tower Deployment: Yr151022 To Yr151103, Lisst, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of data collected during a tower deployment of a Sequoia LISST 100-ST sensor in the surface waters to monitor suspended sediment concentrations and sizes.

Tower Deployment: Yr150821 To Yr150831, Lisst, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of data collected during a tower deployment of a Sequoia LISST 100-ST sensor in the surface waters to monitor suspended sediment concentrations and sizes.

Tower Deployment: Yr170508 To Yr170524, Adv, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of data collected during a tower deployment of four Nortek Vector ADV sensors which were mounted at different depths in the water column to monitor suspended sediment concentrations and sizes. Conductivity and temperature were also monitored at corresponding depths.

Tower Deployment: Yr160406 To Yr160421, Lisst, Clay Bank, York River Virginia, Grace M. Massey, Kelsey A. Fall, Carl T. Friedrichs

Data

Dataset consists of data collected during a tower deployment of a Sequoia LISST 100-ST sensor in the surface waters to monitor suspended sediment concentrations and sizes.