Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Cyclic Ether Synthesis Via Lewis Acid Promoted Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Cyclization Reactions Of Unsaturated And Saturated Symmetric Acetals, Elizabeth Gonda

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Linked Beta-Cyclodextrins, Richard Desider Nemeth

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Comparative Analysis Of Sea Scallop Escapement/Retention And Resulting Economic Impacts, William D. Dupaul, Edward J. Heist, James E. Kirkley

Reports

During the months of June and September 1988, gear experiments were conducted aboard the F/V Carolina Dawn and Carolina Capes. The primary objective of the experiments was to assess the technical efficiency and size selectivity of 3.5-inch ring dredges relative to the current commercially-used 3.0-inch ring dredges. Secondary objectives were to analyze the economic and regulatory ramifications of using 3.5-inch ring dredges to control the age-at-capture and enhance the yield-per- recruit.

Reconnaissance Of Economic Heavy Minerals Of The Virginia Inner Continental Shelf, C. R. Berquist, C. H. Hobbs Iii

Reports

No abstract provided.

Oyster Spatfall In Virginia Rivers: 1987 Annual Summary, James Whitcomb

Reports

The Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) conducts weekly surveys from June through early October to obtain oyster spatfall information. Spat counts are made on oyster shells strung on wire and suspended from stakes on public and private beds. The number of spat on shells is counted each week of the spawning season to determine the potential of a particular area for receiving a strike and to predict the most likely period the strikes will occur.

Wetlands Board Bulletin Vol. Ii, No. 3, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Wetlands Reports

• Tidal Vegetated Wetlands and Shoreline Information by Political Subdivision.
• A Note From the Virginia Marine Resource Commission: Tracking Wetlands Permit Applications.
• Wetlands and Coastal Primary Sand Dune Violation Procedures Jurisdictional Boundaries for Shorelines Charts

Wetlands Board Bulletin Vol. Ii, No. 2, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Wetlands Reports

• Tidal Wetlands Inventories.
• Wetlands Tracking An Example Wetlands Permit

Status Of The Major Oyster Diseases In Virginia, Eugene M. Burreson

Reports

No abstract provided.

High Rydberg States Of An Atom In Parallel Electric And Magnetic Fields, Robert L. Waterland, John B. Delos, M. L. Du

Arts & Sciences Articles

We have calculated the energy spectrum of a highly excited atom in parallel electric and magnetic fields. The eigenvalues were obtained by semiclassical quantization of action variables calculated from first-order classical perturbation theory. For the field strengths studied, the electron moves on a Kepler ellipse whose orbital parameters evolve slowly in time, and first-order perturbation theory reduces the problem to just one degree of freedom. Action variables were calculated from perturbation theory and the eigenvalues were obtained by semiclassical quantization of the action. The semiclassical analysis leads directly to a correlation diagram which connects the eigenstates of the Stark effect …

Collisions Of F+ With Ne, M. Hottoka, B. Roos, John B. Delos, R. Srivastava, R. B. Sharma, W. Koshi

Arts & Sciences Articles

Measurements of inelastic collisions of F+ with Ne have been made. Transitions between 3P and 1D terms of F+ are seen, with the inelastically scattered ions sharply focused in the forward direction. Potential energy curves of (FNe)+ have been calculated. The 3Σ and 3Π curves correlating to F+(3P) are repulsive, while the 1Σ correlating to F+(1D) is attractive. Several curve crossings are identified, where transitions occur through spin-orbit coupling. Scattering angles and differential cross sections have been calculated, and they show the presence of a ‘‘glory’’ (or halo) effect, which accounts for the forward scattering of ions.

Wetlands Board Bulletin Vol Ii, No. 1, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Virginia Wetlands Reports

• Tidal Marsh Inventories List.
• 1987 Session Virginia Acts of Assembly Checklist For Wetlands Board Meetings and Public Hearings Wetland Board Opening Statement

Response Characteristics Of A Short Range, High Resolution, Digital Sonar Altimeter, Malcolm O. Green, John D. Boon

Reports

The Datasonics Model ASA-920 digital sonar altimeter (DSA) is a compact, high frequency (1 MHz), short range (0.5 to 5 m) underwater sonar device originally designed as an altimeter for submersib1es. Wright et al. (1986) have used the DSA successfully to measure changes in relative bed elevation at a point on the shoreface prior to and during a storm. Fixed to a rigid mounting on the seabed, the DSA produces a digital output that is proportional to the transducer elevation above the bed. The purpose of this report is to describe the response characteristics of the DSA.

Chesapeake Bay Fisheries: An Overview, Herbert M. Austin

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The value of the marine resources of the Chesapeake Bay is second only to its value as a transportation corridor. The oyster, blue crab and striped bass or rock fish, along with the sailboat, epitomize our vision of the Bay. Nowhere else do such important renewable natural resources co-exist so closely to man's residential and industrial activities.

Over time, all natural resource distribution and abundance fluctuates in response to a normally fluctuating environment. Man's harvest adds an additional pressure, and in some cases recruitment levels cannot keep pace with consumer demand. In the Bay, pollutants, both intentional point source discharge, …

A Socio-Economic Overview Of The Chesapeake Bay Fisheries, James E. Kirkley

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The marine resources of the Chesapeake Bay are believed to provide substantial benefit to residents of the State of Maryland and Virginia. However, the possibility of overfishing and degradation of the marine environment seriously jeopardizes the possible benefit . In thsi section, a brief overview of the economic importance and characteristics of the Chesapeake Bay marine resources is presented. The potential for economic lossee are discussed relative to observed economic values.

Submerged And Emergent Aquatic Vegetation Of The Chesapeake Bay, Carl Hershner, Richard L. Wetzel

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Chesapeake Bay supports a diverse assemblage of submerged and emergent aquatic vegetation. The distribution of species of each kind of vegetation is governed largely by salinity. The functions of both submerged and emergent vegetation in the Bay ecosystem includes contributing to total net primary production, service a habitat and performance in both water quality and sedimentation processes. Research on submerged aquatic vegetation is focused on its role in the estuarine system and determinants of its distribution and abundance. Research on emergent vegetation still concerns basic questions of structure and function, but has also branched into methodologies for utilization by man …

Organic Chemicals In Sediments From The Lower Chesapeake Bay, R. J. Huggett, P. O. Defur

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Many of the toxic organic chemicals affecting the marine environment are hydrophobic and associate with sediments. Sediments can accumulate the substances over long intervals and store them after the original source of the toxic material has been eliminated. Contaminated sediments can provide small but damaging amounts of the to.xicant to the overlying water for decades. For example, more than 10 years after the discovery of Kepone in the James River, Virginia, much of the James' fisheries ·is still closed because Kepone levels are above federal action levels.

Identification And Distribution Of Urophycis (Gill) And Phycis (Artedi) Larvae And Pelagic Juveniles In The Middle Atlantic Bight, Bruce Henry Comyns

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Contaminant Effects On Chesapeake Bay Finfishes, Ronald J. Klauda, Michael E. Bender

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Habitat deterioration is consistent with perceived population declines for several resident and anadromous finfish species in Chesapeake Bay that are subjected to different levels of fishing pressure (e.g., striped bass versus blueback herring). Diminution of habitat quality has natural and anthropogenic roots that are difficult to separate. Recent contaminant effects studies focused on Chesapeake Bay fishes can be grouped as follows: (a) mathematical and statistical modeling studies aimed at elucidating contaminant and stock trend relationships using extant data and theoretical insights, (b) biological and chemical field surveys in selected areas to demonstrate spatio-temporal associations between levels of toxic organic and …

Contaminants In Chesapeake Bay: The Regional Perspective, George R. Helz, Robert J. Huggett

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Industrial and municipal point sources of contaminants are scattered along the shores of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, but reach especially high density at Norfolk, Va., and Baltimore, Md. Sedimentation and various chemical processes in many cases conspire to restrict the water-borne transport of contaminant away from point source . Kepone, residual chlorine, volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, and anthropogenic trace metals are well-studied example of point-source contaminants. For the most part, their concentration in water and sediment drop to nearly immeasurable values within a distance of a few kilometers, or sometimes a few tens of kilometers, from their source .

On …

Abundance Of Virginia Shellfish And Finfish, Herb Austin

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

Water temperature, which has been measured from the pier at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) since 1946, has shown a steady upward trend since 1975-1976. This trend has been most dramatic during the fall-winter period, with October and November of 1984 and 1985 being two of the warmest periods in the 30-year record. The fall of 1985 was the warmest in 30 years. Winter (January-March) temperatures have also shown a steady rise since the record cold January-February of 1977-1978.

Ware Creek Reservoir Release Study : Final Contract Report Submitted To James City County, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science

Reports

In Summer, 1986 a field program was conducted in Ware Creek from its mouth at the York River to the dam at Richardson's Millpond. The data collected was combined with flow data from USGS and a tide record from NOAA and was used to calibrate and verify a one-dimensional, real-time, hydrodynamic and salinity intrusion model. The model has been applied to study the effect of the proposed dam and reservoir on the salinity distribution in Ware Creek.

Potential Fish Egg Production By Mnemiopsis Leidyi Determined By Hydrography At The Chesapeake Bay Mouth, Harry D. Johnson

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Contaminants On Estuarine Zooplankton, Brian P. Bradley, Morrris H. Roberts Jr.

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The objectives of the chapter are (1) to evaluate laboratory studies concerning effects of heavy metals, pesticides and oxidants on copepods, mysids, bivalve and decapod larvae (2) access field studies (mainly with copepods) on these and other contaminants which when coupled with laboratory data provide information on known and potential hazards of contaminants to zooplankton and (3) briefly review some bioassay methods used in these studies.

Mercury is the most toxic heavy metal by weight, followed by copper, silver and cadmium. Pesticides have been tested much less extensively than heavy metals. In general, bivalve larvae seem less sensitive than the …

Mollusk Culture For The Chesapeake Bay, Michael Castagna

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The water quality of the Chesapeake Bay has suffered a decline over the last 5 decades due to anthropomorphic activities. Insidious additions of industrial and farm pollutant to the Bay have created a situation where in many areas there are periodic sub lethal levels of chemicals. Although the juveniles and adults seem to survive these levels, they are obviously interfering with some early life stage of the living organisms that make up the bay fauna. Species whose early life history takes place out of the Bay (i.e. Cal!inectes sapidus) are less affected by this problem than those species whose eggs, …

Contaminant Effects On Chesapeake Bay Shellfish, Michael E. Bender, Robert J. Huggett

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

The paper reviews contaminant effects on Chesapeake Bay shellfish from two avenues (1) adverse biological effects on the organisms and (2) fisheries closures due to bacterial and chemical contamination. The use of shellfish to monitor anthropogenic inputs of chemical contaminants is also discussed. Fisheries closures due to bacterial contamination account for the greatest economic loss due to man's activities. Kepone contamination in the James River, Virginia caused fisheries closures but has not appeared to cause biological damage to the resources. Organotin compounds from antifouling paints appear to pose a threat to Chesapeake Bay shellfish.

Factors Affecting The Distribution And Abundance Of The Blue Crab In Chesapeake Bay, W. A. Van Engel

VIMS Books and Book Chapters

That environmental conditions in the Chesapeake Bay are optimal for the blue crab population is suggested by the fact that hard crab landings by Virginia and Maryland watermen accounted for almost 48% of the total of East and Gulf coast landings in 1985. Estimates of total mortality from the egg to the adult stage range from 0.999973 to 0.999996. Commercial fishing removes an additional 0.0000031 to 0.0000251, leaving 0.0000024 to 0.000001 as the rates of removal by other sources. Physical and chemical pollutants, predators, and plants and animals symbiotic with the blue crab are part of the environment that must …

Interaction Of Long Waves And Nearshore Barred Topography--A Mechanism Of Bar Migration, Chang-Shik Kim

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

It has been widely observed in nature that longshore bar topography changes profile in the onshore-offshore direction. It is common for some bars to migrate onshore during post-storm phases and offshore during storms. Although the behavior of submarine bars has been widely reported, its mechanisms and forcings are far less clear. to determine the mechanism for bar migration or for the persistence of bar systems, a numerical model is developed, which accounts for the mass transport velocities in the bottom boundary layer induced by a family of combined long waves at surf-beat frequencies and wind waves. The present approach simulates …

Sorption Of Nonpolar Organics On Minerals And Aquifer Materials, Thomas B. Stauffer

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The sorption of nonpolar organic chemicals on hydrous oxides, clay minerals, and subsurface aquifer materials was studied using the batch isotherm technique. Radiolabeled (&\sp{lcub}14{rcub}&C) trichloroethylene, orthodichlorobenzene, naphthalene, and 1-methylnaphthalene were sorbed on mineral sorbents, subsurface aquifer materials, and a surface soil at six different equilibrium concentrations over a concentration range from 0.001 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L. A knowledge of the sorption coefficients of these fuel components and solvents is necessary to predict the transport of these chemicals through groundwater systems and ultimately to rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Sorption on oxides and surface soils was found to be pH-dependent with decreased …

Low-Energy Bedload Transport By Combined Wave And Current Flow On A Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight Shoreface, Malcolm O. Green

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

The control of the mean flow, wind-wave energy and wind-wave asymmetry on low-energy bedload transport magnitude, direction and divergence on a wave-dominated shoreface was investigated. The objective was to develop a mechanistic basis for postulated fairweather replenishment of the beach sediment prism by sediments derived from offshore. Fairweather currents were measured at 17.5-m and 22-m depth. Periods of competent flow were identified using a combined-flow boundary-layer model. Madsen and Grant's (1976) combined-flow bedload-transport model was used to calculate sediment fluxes after modification of the expression for instantaneous transport rate to include a threshold criterion; this was necessary since sediment is …

Polynuclear Hydrocarbons In Sediments And Clams In The Vicinity Of A Refinery Outfall, P. O. Defur, M. E. Bender, C. W. Su, Et Al

Reports

The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine whether certain organic substances (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) present in a refinery process water are found in adjacent sediments and bivalves; and 2) to determine the concentrations of the compounds detected.