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Wright State University

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Articles 31 - 60 of 3840

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Accelerating Precision Station Keeping For Automated Aircraft, James D. Anderson Jan 2023

Accelerating Precision Station Keeping For Automated Aircraft, James D. Anderson

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Automated vehicles pose challenges in various research domains, including robotics, machine learning, computer vision, public safety, system certification, and beyond. These vehicles autonomously handle navigation and locomotion, often requiring minimal user interaction, and can operate on land, in water, or in the air. In the context of aircraft, one specific application is Automated Aerial Refueling (AAR). Traditional aerial refueling involves a "tanker" aircraft using a mechanism, such as a rigid boom arm or a flexible hose, to transfer fuel to another aircraft designated as the "receiver". For AAR, the boom arm may be maneuvered automatically, or in certain instances the …

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Direct Parameter Fitting Of Action Potentials In Skeletal Muscle Cells Which Include Longitudinal Segments, Tyme Suda Jan 2023

Direct Parameter Fitting Of Action Potentials In Skeletal Muscle Cells Which Include Longitudinal Segments, Tyme Suda

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Excitation of skeletal muscle cells triggers a large voltage spike known as an action potential (AP), leading to muscle contraction. Modeling of an AP is typically done using the method developed by scientists Hodgkin and Huxley (HH). In the HH method, voltage and time gated Na+ and K+ ionic currents are simulated, along with a positive “Leak” ionic current and capacitive current. Due to the complexity and the computational time required for simulation, direct fitting of HH parameters to experimental APs has rarely been attempted. A previous thesis at Wright State performed direct fitting for the case of a single …

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Comparative Adjudication Of Noisy And Subjective Data Annotation Disagreements For Deep Learning, Scott David Williams Jan 2023

Comparative Adjudication Of Noisy And Subjective Data Annotation Disagreements For Deep Learning, Scott David Williams

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Obtaining accurate inferences from deep neural networks is difficult when models are trained on instances with conflicting labels. Algorithmic recognition of online hate speech illustrates this. No human annotator is perfectly reliable, so multiple annotators evaluate and label online posts in a corpus. Labeling scheme limitations, differences in annotators' beliefs, and limits to annotators' honesty and carefulness cause some labels to disagree. Consequently, decisive and accurate inferences become less likely. Some practical applications such as social research can tolerate some indecisiveness. However, an online platform using an indecisive classifier for automated content moderation could create more problems than it solves. …

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Application Of The Hvsr Technique To Map The Depth And Elevation Of The Bedrock Underlying Wright State University Campus, Dayton, Ohio, Devika L. Ghuge Jan 2023

Application Of The Hvsr Technique To Map The Depth And Elevation Of The Bedrock Underlying Wright State University Campus, Dayton, Ohio, Devika L. Ghuge

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Estimating sediment thickness and bedrock surface geometry is critical for many hydrogeologic studies. The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR), a passive seismic method is a unique, non-invasive technique for speedily estimating bedrock depth. To record ambient seismic noise, the H/V method employs a single broadband three-component seismometer. A field assessment was conducted on the Wright State University Campus in Dayton, Ohio, to determine the depth (z) and elevation of the bedrock. Data were collected at 60 different locations. A known value for the depth of bedrock on campus was determined using the log from a local water well available from the …

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Data-Driven Strategies For Pain Management In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Swati Padhee Jan 2023

Data-Driven Strategies For Pain Management In Patients With Sickle Cell Disease, Swati Padhee

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This research explores data-driven AI techniques to extract insights from relevant medical data for pain management in patients with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). SCD is an inherited red blood cell disorder that can cause a multitude of complications throughout an individual’s life. Most patients with SCD experience repeated, unpredictable episodes of severe pain. Arguably, the most challenging aspect of treating pain episodes in SCD is assessing and interpreting the patient’s pain intensity level due to the subjective nature of pain. In this study, we leverage multiple data-driven AI techniques to improve pain management in patients with SCD. The proposed approaches …

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Solidity Compiler Version Identification On Smart Contract Bytecode, Lakshmi Prasanna Katyayani Devasani Jan 2023

Solidity Compiler Version Identification On Smart Contract Bytecode, Lakshmi Prasanna Katyayani Devasani

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Identifying the version of the Solidity compiler used to create an Ethereum contract is a challenging task, especially when the contract bytecode is obfuscated and lacks explicit metadata. Ethereum bytecode is highly complex, as it is generated by the Solidity compiler, which translates high-level programming constructs into low-level, stack-based code. Additionally, the Solidity compiler undergoes frequent updates and modifications, resulting in continuous evolution of bytecode patterns. To address this challenge, we propose using deep learning models to analyze Ethereum bytecodes and infer the compiler version that produced them. A large number of Ethereum contracts and the corresponding compiler versions is …

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Encryption And Compression Classification Of Internet Of Things Traffic, Mariam Najdat M Saleh Jan 2023

Encryption And Compression Classification Of Internet Of Things Traffic, Mariam Najdat M Saleh

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is used in many fields that generate sensitive data, such as healthcare and surveillance. Increased reliance on IoT raised serious information security concerns. This dissertation presents three systems for analyzing and classifying IoT traffic using Deep Learning (DL) models, and a large dataset is built for systems training and evaluation. The first system studies the effect of combining raw data and engineered features to optimize the classification of encrypted and compressed IoT traffic using Engineered Features Classification (EFC), Raw Data Classification (RDC), and combined Raw Data and Engineered Features Classification (RDEFC) approaches. Our results demonstrate …

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Merit Study Of Battery Or Hydrogen Energy Storage For Large Scale, Combined Wind And Solar Electricity Generation, Ashley K. Moore Jan 2023

Merit Study Of Battery Or Hydrogen Energy Storage For Large Scale, Combined Wind And Solar Electricity Generation, Ashley K. Moore

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In the past several years, the energy sector has experienced a rapid increase in renewable energy installations due to declining capital costs for wind turbines, solar panels, and batteries. Wind and solar electricity generation are intermittent in nature which must be considered in an economic analysis if a fair comparison is to be made between electricity supplied from renewables and electricity purchased from the grid. Energy storage reduces curtailment of wind and solar and minimizes electricity purchases from the grid by storing excess electricity and deploying the energy at times when demand exceeds the renewable energy supply. The objective of …

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Hamilton Cycles In Bidirected Complete Graphs, Arthur Busch, Mohammed A. Mutar, Daniel Slilaty Dec 2022

Hamilton Cycles In Bidirected Complete Graphs, Arthur Busch, Mohammed A. Mutar, Daniel Slilaty

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Zaslavsky observed that the topics of directed cycles in directed graphs and alternating cycles in edge 2-colored graphs have a common generalization in the study of coherent cycles in bidirected graphs. There are classical theorems by Camion, Harary and Moser, Häggkvist and Manoussakis, and Saad which relate strong connectivity and Hamiltonicity in directed "complete" graphs and edge 2-colored "complete" graphs. We prove two analogues to these theorems for bidirected "complete" signed graphs.

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Machine Learning For Angiography-Based Blood Flow Velocity Prediction, Swati Padhee, Mark Johnson, Hang Yi, Tanvi Banerjee, Zifeng Yang Nov 2022

Machine Learning For Angiography-Based Blood Flow Velocity Prediction, Swati Padhee, Mark Johnson, Hang Yi, Tanvi Banerjee, Zifeng Yang

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely employed to predict hemodynamic characteristics in arterial models, while not friendly to clinical applications due to the complexity of numerical simulations. Alternatively, this work proposed a framework to estimate hemodynamics in vessels based on angiography images using machine learning (ML) algorithms. First, the iodine contrast perfusion in blood was mimicked by a flow of dye diffusing into water in the experimentally validated CFD modeling. The generated projective images from simulations imitated the counterpart of light passing through the flow field as an analogy of X-ray imaging. Thus, the CFD simulation provides both the ground …

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Machine Learning For Aiding Blood Flow Velocity Estimation Based On Angiography, Swati Padhee, Mark Johnson, Hang Yi, Tanvi Banerjee, Zifeng Yang Oct 2022

Machine Learning For Aiding Blood Flow Velocity Estimation Based On Angiography, Swati Padhee, Mark Johnson, Hang Yi, Tanvi Banerjee, Zifeng Yang

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is widely employed to predict hemodynamic characteristics in arterial models, while not friendly to clinical applications due to the complexity of numerical simulations. Alternatively, this work proposed a framework to estimate hemodynamics in vessels based on angiography images using machine learning (ML) algorithms. First, the iodine contrast perfusion in blood was mimicked by a flow of dye diffusing into water in the experimentally validated CFD modeling. The generated projective images from simulations imitated the counterpart of light passing through the flow field as an analogy of X-ray imaging. Thus, the CFD simulation provides both the ground …

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Toward Mental Effort Measurement Using Electrodermal Activity Features, William Romine, Noah Schroeder, Tanvi Banerjee, Josephine Graft Sep 2022

Toward Mental Effort Measurement Using Electrodermal Activity Features, William Romine, Noah Schroeder, Tanvi Banerjee, Josephine Graft

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

The ability to monitor mental effort during a task using a wearable sensor may improve productivity for both work and study. The use of the electrodermal activity (EDA) signal for tracking mental effort is an emerging area of research. Through analysis of over 92 h of data collected with the Empatica E4 on a single participant across 91 different activities, we report on the efficacy of using EDA features getting at signal intensity, signal dispersion, and peak intensity for prediction of the participant's self-reported mental effort. We implemented the logistic regression algorithm as an interpretable machine learning approach and found …

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Leveraging Natural Learning Processing To Uncover Themes In Clinical Notes Of Patients Admitted For Heart Failure, Ankita Agarwal, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, William Romine, Amanuel Alambo, Mia Cajita, Tanvi Banerjee Sep 2022

Leveraging Natural Learning Processing To Uncover Themes In Clinical Notes Of Patients Admitted For Heart Failure, Ankita Agarwal, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, William Romine, Amanuel Alambo, Mia Cajita, Tanvi Banerjee

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Heart failure occurs when the heart is not able to pump blood and oxygen to support other organs in the body as it should. Treatments include medications and sometimes hospitalization. Patients with heart failure can have both cardiovascular as well as non-cardiovascular comorbidities. Clinical notes of patients with heart failure can be analyzed to gain insight into the topics discussed in these notes and the major comorbidities in these patients. In this regard, we apply machine learning techniques, such as topic modeling, to identify the major themes found in the clinical notes specific to the procedures performed on 1,200 patients …

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Improving The Factual Accuracy Of Abstractive Clinical Text Summarization Using Multi-Objective Optimization, Amanuel Alambo, Tanvi Banerjee, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Mia Cajita Jul 2022

Improving The Factual Accuracy Of Abstractive Clinical Text Summarization Using Multi-Objective Optimization, Amanuel Alambo, Tanvi Banerjee, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Mia Cajita

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

While there has been recent progress in abstractive summarization as applied to different domains including news articles, scientific articles, and blog posts, the application of these techniques to clinical text summarization has been limited. This is primarily due to the lack of large-scale training data and the messy/unstructured nature of clinical notes as opposed to other domains where massive training data come in structured or semi -structured form. Further, one of the least explored and critical components of clinical text summarization is factual accuracy of clinical summaries. This is specifically crucial in the healthcare domain, cardiology in particular, where an …

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Improving Pain Assessment Using Vital Signs And Pain Medication For Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: Retrospective Study, Swati Padhee, Gary K. Nave Jr, Tanvi Banerjee, Daniel M. Abrams, Nirmish Shah Jun 2022

Improving Pain Assessment Using Vital Signs And Pain Medication For Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: Retrospective Study, Swati Padhee, Gary K. Nave Jr, Tanvi Banerjee, Daniel M. Abrams, Nirmish Shah

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited blood disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Most patients with SCD experience repeated, unpredictable episodes of severe pain. These pain episodes are the leading cause of emergency department visits among patients with SCD and may last for several weeks. Arguably, the most challenging aspect of treating pain episodes in SCD is assessing and interpreting a patient's pain intensity level. Objective: This study aims to learn deep feature representations of subjective pain trajectories using objective physiological signals collected from electronic health records. Methods: This study used electronic health record data collected …

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Characterization Of A Family Of Rotationally Symmetric Spherical Quadrangulations, Lowell Abrams, Daniel Slilaty May 2022

Characterization Of A Family Of Rotationally Symmetric Spherical Quadrangulations, Lowell Abrams, Daniel Slilaty

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

A spherical quadrangulation is an embedding of a graph G in the sphere in which each facial boundary walk has length four. Vertices that are not of degree four in G are called curvature vertices. In this paper we classify all spherical quadrangulations with n-fold rotational symmetry (n ≥ 3) that have minimum degree 3 and the least possible number of curvature vertices, and describe all such spherical quadrangulations in terms of nets of quadrilaterals. The description reveals that such rotationally symmetric quadrangulations necessarily also have a pole-exchanging symmetry.

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Entity-Driven Fact-Aware Abstractive Summarization Of Biomedical Literature, Amanuel Alambo, Tanvi Banerjee, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Michael Raymer Mar 2022

Entity-Driven Fact-Aware Abstractive Summarization Of Biomedical Literature, Amanuel Alambo, Tanvi Banerjee, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Michael Raymer

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

As part of the large number of scientific articles being published every year, the publication rate of biomedical literature has been increasing. Consequently, there has been considerable effort to harness and summarize the massive amount of biomedical research articles. While transformer-based encoder-decoder models in a vanilla source document-to-summary setting have been extensively studied for abstractive summarization in different domains, their major limitations continue to be entity hallucination (a phenomenon where generated summaries constitute entities not related to or present in source article(s)) and factual inconsistency. This problem is exacerbated in a biomedical setting where named entities and their semantics (which …

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An Interactive Game With Virtual Reality Immersion To Improve Cultural Sensitivity In Healthcare, Paul J. Hershberger, Yong Pei, Timothy N. Crawford, Sabrina M. Neeley, Thomas Wischgoll, Dixit B. Patel, Miteshkumar M. Vasoya, Angie Castle, Sankalp Mishra, Lahari Surapaneni, Aman A. Pogaku, Aishwarya Bositty, Todd Pavlack Mar 2022

An Interactive Game With Virtual Reality Immersion To Improve Cultural Sensitivity In Healthcare, Paul J. Hershberger, Yong Pei, Timothy N. Crawford, Sabrina M. Neeley, Thomas Wischgoll, Dixit B. Patel, Miteshkumar M. Vasoya, Angie Castle, Sankalp Mishra, Lahari Surapaneni, Aman A. Pogaku, Aishwarya Bositty, Todd Pavlack

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Purpose: Biased perceptions of individuals who are not part of one’s in-groups tend to be negative and habitual. Because health care professionals are no less susceptible to biases than are others, the adverse impact of biases on marginalized populations in health care warrants continued attention and amelioration. Method: Two characters, a Syrian refugee with limited English proficiency and a black pregnant woman with a history of opioid use disorder, were developed for an online training simulation that includes an interactive life course experience focused on social determinants of health, and a clinical encounter in a community health center utilizing virtual …

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Delaunay Walk For Fast Nearest Neighbor: Accelerating Correspondence Matching For Icp, James D. Anderson, Ryan M. Raettig, Josh Larson, Scott L. Nykl, Clark N. Taylor, Thomas Wischgoll Mar 2022

Delaunay Walk For Fast Nearest Neighbor: Accelerating Correspondence Matching For Icp, James D. Anderson, Ryan M. Raettig, Josh Larson, Scott L. Nykl, Clark N. Taylor, Thomas Wischgoll

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Point set registration algorithms such as Iterative Closest Point (ICP) are commonly utilized in time-constrained environments like robotics. Finding the nearest neighbor of a point in a reference 3D point set is a common operation in ICP and frequently consumes at least 90% of the computation time. We introduce a novel approach to performing the distance-based nearest neighbor step based on Delaunay triangulation. This greedy algorithm finds the nearest neighbor of a query point by traversing the edges of the Delaunay triangulation created from a reference 3D point set. Our work integrates the Delaunay traversal into the correspondences search of …

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A History Of Wright State University's Department Of Geological Science, Paul J. Wolfe Jan 2022

A History Of Wright State University's Department Of Geological Science, Paul J. Wolfe

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

A history of Wright State University's disbanded and reintegrated Department of Geological Sciences written by department faculty member Paul J. Wolfe. Wolfe describes the development of the program, the faculty throughout the years, and the programs offered through the department.

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Building An Understanding Of Human Activities In First Person Video Using Fuzzy Inference, Bradley A. Schneider Jan 2022

Building An Understanding Of Human Activities In First Person Video Using Fuzzy Inference, Bradley A. Schneider

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Activities of Daily Living (ADL’s) are the activities that people perform every day in their home as part of their typical routine. The in-home, automated monitoring of ADL’s has broad utility for intelligent systems that enable independent living for the elderly and mentally or physically disabled individuals. With rising interest in electronic health (e-Health) and mobile health (m-Health) technology, opportunities abound for the integration of activity monitoring systems into these newer forms of healthcare. In this dissertation we propose a novel system for describing ’s based on video collected from a wearable camera. Most in-home activities are naturally defined by …

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Using Network Analysis To Contrast Three Models Of Student Forum Discussions, Hannah N. Benston Jan 2022

Using Network Analysis To Contrast Three Models Of Student Forum Discussions, Hannah N. Benston

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There is much research about how actors and events in social networks affect each other. In this research, three network models were created for discussion forums in three semesters of undergraduate general physics courses. This study seeks to understand what social network measures are most telling of a online forum classroom dynamic. That is, I wanted to understand more about things like what students are most central to the networks and whether this is consistent across different network models. I also wanted to better understand how students may or may not group together. What relationships (student to student, student to …

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Harmful Algal Blooms In Caesar Creek Lake And Their Relationship To Riparian Cover, Morgan C. Grunden Jan 2022

Harmful Algal Blooms In Caesar Creek Lake And Their Relationship To Riparian Cover, Morgan C. Grunden

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Caesar Creek Lake (CCL) in Warren County, OH has recently been experiencing harmful algal blooms (HABs) which are most likely attributed to an excess of phosphorus (P) from fertilizers and manures applied to surrounding fields. Sediments act as a sink for P later supplying a source of P in lakes for HABs when waters become thermally stratified and anoxic. This study seeks to determine the relationship between HABs in CCL and riparian cover at the main tributaries, Anderson Fork and Caesar Creek. In order to do this, sediment samples were collected from four sample sites along Anderson Fork and three …

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Automatically Inferring Image Bases Of Arm32 Binaries, Daniel T. Chong Jan 2022

Automatically Inferring Image Bases Of Arm32 Binaries, Daniel T. Chong

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Reverse engineering tools rely on the critical image base value for tasks such as correctly mapping code into virtual memory for an emulator or accurately determining branch destinations for a disassembler. However, binaries are often stripped and therefore, do not explicitly state this value. Currently available solutions for calculating this essential value generally require user input in the form of parameter configurations or manual binary analysis, thus these methods are limited by the experience and knowledge of the user. In this thesis, we propose a user-independent solution for determining the image base of ARM32 binaries and describe our implementation. Our …

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Mercury Concentrations And Mercury Methylation Along The Freshwater To Marine Continuum, Lindsay D. Starr Jan 2022

Mercury Concentrations And Mercury Methylation Along The Freshwater To Marine Continuum, Lindsay D. Starr

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Mercury (Hg) is a neurotoxin that can have detrimental impacts on the human nervous system and on brain development in infants. Methylmercury (MeHg) is the most toxic form of Hg and can concentrate to potentially harmful levels in higher levels of marine food webs. Production of MeHg in oxic water columns is poorly understood due to lack of knowledge of the mechanisms of formation and distribution. Recent work has reported widespread, putative Hg methylation genes in nitrite oxidizers, but any relationship with nitrifiers is unknown. This work focuses on Hg water column distribution, speciation, and methylation. The aims of this …

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Validating Software States Using Reverse Execution, Nathaniel Christian Boland Jan 2022

Validating Software States Using Reverse Execution, Nathaniel Christian Boland

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A key feature of software analysis is determining whether it is possible for a program to reach a certain state. Various methods have been devised to accomplish this including directed fuzzing and dynamic execution. In this thesis we present a reverse execution engine to validate states, the Complex Emulator. The Complex Emulator seeks to validate a program state by emulating it in reverse to discover if a contradiction exists. When unknown variables are found during execution, the emulator is designed to use constraint solving to compute their values. The Complex Emulator has been tested on small assembly programs and is …

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Synthetic Aperture Ladar Automatic Target Recognizer Design And Performance Prediction Via Geometric Properties Of Targets, Jacob W. Ross Jan 2022

Synthetic Aperture Ladar Automatic Target Recognizer Design And Performance Prediction Via Geometric Properties Of Targets, Jacob W. Ross

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Synthetic Aperture LADAR (SAL) has several phenomenology differences from Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) making it a promising candidate for automatic target recognition (ATR) purposes. The diffuse nature of SAL results in more pixels on target. Optical wavelengths offers centimeter class resolution with an aperture baseline that is 10,000 times smaller than an SAR baseline. While diffuse scattering and optical wavelengths have several advantages, there are also a number of challenges. The diffuse nature of SAL leads to a more pronounced speckle effect than in the SAR case. Optical wavelengths are more susceptible to atmospheric noise, leading to distortions in formed …

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Bedrock Anisotropy At Sycamore Farms: An Investigation Using Azimuthal Resistivity And Electromagnetic Induction, Cody M. Kessler Jan 2022

Bedrock Anisotropy At Sycamore Farms: An Investigation Using Azimuthal Resistivity And Electromagnetic Induction, Cody M. Kessler

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Azimuthal resistivity surveys coupled with an electromagnetic survey were completed at Sycamore Farms with the goal of investigating bedrock fracturing at the site. Previous work on this subject matter was completed at the site using similar geophysical tools, however, this study utilizes a unique method of azimuthal resistivity and higher resolution electromagnetic data. 72 azimuthal surveys were completed, and the electromagnetic survey covered all fields in which azimuthal surveys were completed. The results from the two methods were compared to identify zones of bedrock fracturing. Although correlation between the two data sets was limited it was found that the electromagnetic …

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Has Winter Weather In Southwest Ohio Been Affected By The El Niño Southern Oscillation, The North Atlantic Oscillation, The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, And The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation?, John A. Blue Jan 2022

Has Winter Weather In Southwest Ohio Been Affected By The El Niño Southern Oscillation, The North Atlantic Oscillation, The Pacific Decadal Oscillation, And The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation?, John A. Blue

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Winter temperature and precipitation in Southwest Ohio over the last century were examined for anomalies attributable to teleconnections with large-scale atmospheric perturbations caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). The record of temperature gives evidence of a teleconnection with the NAO, ENSO, and PDO, with the strongest link being for phases of the NAO. Most winters during positive NAO phases had mean monthly temperature warmer than the century long mean, and the majority of negative NAO phase winters had colder temperatures. The difference …

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The Effects Of An Ultrafast Pulsed Laser On Ybco Thin Film Circuit Transients, Matthew L. Rustad Jan 2022

The Effects Of An Ultrafast Pulsed Laser On Ybco Thin Film Circuit Transients, Matthew L. Rustad

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Terahertz (THz) frequency light has shown promise for a wide variety of applications due to its material characterization and imaging capabilities. Its nondestructive nature coupled with its submillimeter spatial resolution provides the most value for terahertz light as an imaging tool. The application of terahertz technology has been limited by a lack of novel and powerful sources. It has been shown that that Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO), a type II superconductor, has certain properties that would allow YBCO to be an effective source for THz light. Recent microwave work has shown that when a persistent supercurrent is placed on …

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