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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Mathematical Modeling Of A P-N Junction Solar Cell Using The Transport Equations, Surjeet Singh Jan 2017

Mathematical Modeling Of A P-N Junction Solar Cell Using The Transport Equations, Surjeet Singh

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While analytical models are limited in the situations that they can simulate, they are generally easier to implement than numerical models and provide a rapid view of the variables which affect a certain quantity. Analytical models are also very useful in educational situations; such as a graduate class on photovoltaics. The modeling of the interior workings of a solar cell can be complex and involved; and some of the equations can become quite lengthy. A focus of this thesis work is the derivation of the minority carrier density and minority current density equations for a p-n junction solar cell. The …

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Upstream Sources Inhibit Benthic Phosphorus Fluxes In The Lower Great Miami River, Southwest Ohio, Kortney Mullen Jan 2017

Upstream Sources Inhibit Benthic Phosphorus Fluxes In The Lower Great Miami River, Southwest Ohio, Kortney Mullen

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Human activities have increased nutrient loadings to aquatic ecosystems during the past century. During low river flow in late summer and early fall, excessive concentrations of phosphorus (P) are present in the Lower Great Miami River (LGMR) and contribute to its eutrophication. Although wastewater treatment plants are suspected of being major point sources of P to the LGMR during low river flow, riverbed sediment has not been examined as an additional potential source of P. Benthic P fluxes were measured at 11 representative locations along the LGMR during late summer and early fall of 2015. Sediment and overlying water sampled …

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Analysis Of Well Log Data And A 2d Seismic Reflection Survey In The Vicinity Of London, Ohio, Mohammad Mohshin Jan 2017

Analysis Of Well Log Data And A 2d Seismic Reflection Survey In The Vicinity Of London, Ohio, Mohammad Mohshin

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During the summer of 2015 a 2D seismic line (WSU-2015), ~2.3km long, was collected by Wright State University along Watson Road, south of London, Ohio. This seismic line is parallel to and approximately 1/4 km south of `Line 6' of Mayhew (1969), which is one of six analog, single-fold seismic lines within the area that he studied. The focus of this research is to interpret the stratigraphy revealed by the new seismic line, especially to evaluate the existence or otherwise of a fault that Mayhew (1969) inferred in his interpretation. An important step in this new interpretation was to construct …

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Implementation And Evaluation Of Goal Selection In A Cognitive Architecture, Sravya Kondrakunta Jan 2017

Implementation And Evaluation Of Goal Selection In A Cognitive Architecture, Sravya Kondrakunta

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A cognitive system attempts to achieve its goals by utilizing the appropriate resources present to yield the best possible outcome within a short duration. To achieve the goals in such an efficient manner, it is important for the agent to manage its goals well. Goal management not only makes the agent efficient but also flexible, more durable to the sudden changes in the environment, and self-reliant. Goal Management consists of various goal operations including goal formulation, selection, change, delegation, achievement, and monitoring. Each operation is unique and has its own significance in aiding the performance of the agent. The thesis …

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Incorporation Of Indeno[2,1-C]Fluorenes Into Polymers Via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution, Nathaniel Brackett Jan 2017

Incorporation Of Indeno[2,1-C]Fluorenes Into Polymers Via Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution, Nathaniel Brackett

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A difluoro indeno[2,1-c]fluorene monomer was synthesized by a four-step process. The first compound synthesized by a two-step process was 2,5- bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-3,4-di(4-fluorophenyl)cyclopentadienone. The next two compounds synthesized were diethyl 2,3-bis(fluorophenyl)-5-hexylterephthalate and 2,3- bis(fluorophenyl)-5-hexylterephthalic acid. The final step involved an intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation of the terephthalic acid derivative to form 3,10-difluoro-5,8- dioxo-5,8-dihydro-6-hexylindeno[2,1-c]fluorene. The difluoro monomer was reacted in a series of nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) polymerization reactions with bisphenol-A in N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) in an attempt to form novel poly(ether ether ketone ketone)s containing the indeno[2,1-c]fluorene structure. Analysis of the product by NMR and TLC showed the reaction was unsuccessful and the difluoro …

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Terahertz Molecular Spectroscopy As A Tool For Analytical Probing Of Cellular Metabolism, Mitchell Cameron Paul Jan 2017

Terahertz Molecular Spectroscopy As A Tool For Analytical Probing Of Cellular Metabolism, Mitchell Cameron Paul

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Terahertz spectroscopy has found use as an analytical tool in determining chemical composition of exhaled human breath. This thesis demonstrates a novel application of this technology - analytical sensing of gaseous metabolic products of several types of human cell cultures. An innovative experimental system was developed for probing cellular metabolism using terahertz [THz] rotational spectroscopy. Gaseous emissions of cell cultures were analyzed and compared between several cell types. Cancerous and healthy lung cells as well as cancerous liver cells were studied. This technique carries a lot of promise as a noninvasive method of distinguishing between cell types and identifying cell …

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A Study Of Alkali-Resistant Materials For Use In Atomic Physics Based Systems, Aaron Thomas Fletcher Jan 2017

A Study Of Alkali-Resistant Materials For Use In Atomic Physics Based Systems, Aaron Thomas Fletcher

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Due to shortcomings in emerging alkali-based atomic physics based systems, a need to investigate alkali resistant materials has arisen. There is interest in alkali based systems such as atomic clocks and diode pumped alkali laser (DPAL) systems. In the case of atomic clocks and DPALs, alkali metal vapor, such as Rb, is the active part of the systems. The alkali vapor is confined in some manner of housing, but the transmission of electromagnetic radiation is required in the cells. This requires the incorporation of windows into the cell. The current window material, however, have been shown to degrade over time, …

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Portable Motion Lab For Diagnostic And Rehabilitation Processes, Yogesh Laxman Chavan Jan 2017

Portable Motion Lab For Diagnostic And Rehabilitation Processes, Yogesh Laxman Chavan

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In this thesis research, we have explored the capabilities of a household body-tracking device - Microsoft Xbox Kinect for motion analysis and assessment to assist patient’s rehabilitation after joint replacement and repair surgeries. In particular, we have combined the motion tracking capabilities of Kinect with the 3D modelling of human body for accurate and intuitive movement assessment and feedback. Our prototype system demonstrates the effective and efficient workflow of motion capturing, data processing and analyzing and augmented reality based presentation, resulting in a design which is not only accurate, reliable and robust, but also extremely cost- and space-efficient. Furthermore, we …

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Determination Of The Shape Of A Flattening Filter Free (Fff) Radiation Beam When Modified By A Physical Wedge, Kalel Alsaeed Jan 2017

Determination Of The Shape Of A Flattening Filter Free (Fff) Radiation Beam When Modified By A Physical Wedge, Kalel Alsaeed

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The determination of a flattening filter free (FFF) beam profile when the collimator is intentionally modified to incorporate a physical wedge. Specifically, radiation beam profiles change shape when a metallic wedge is placed in the path of the beam. Examination of this unknown is necessary to ascertain whether a physical wedge is clinically beneficial for applications involving FFF beams. The aim of this study is to determine if the radiation profile of a flattening filter free beam having a physical wedge is comparable to a beam with a flattening filter, with the same wedge inserted. This research involves measurement of …

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Modifying Some Iterative Methods For Solving Quadratic Eigenvalue Problems, Ali Hasan Ali Jan 2017

Modifying Some Iterative Methods For Solving Quadratic Eigenvalue Problems, Ali Hasan Ali

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In this thesis, we are investigating the solutions λ of a typical quadratic eigenvalue problem (QEP). Indeed, solutions [lambda] of a QEP of the form Q([lambda])=[lambda]2M+[lambda]D+S that satisfy Q([lambda])=0, can be obtained iteratively and without linearizing the problem. However, many iterative methods can only find some of the solutions [lambda]. Therefore, we are going to modify a method based on Newton iterations in order to find all of the solutions [lambda], that are known also as the eigenvalues of the QEP. In addition, we will investigate how the proposed method compares with standard iterative methods from the literature. Moreover, we …

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Computational Modeling Of A Williams Cross Flow Turbine, Sajjan Pokhrel Jan 2017

Computational Modeling Of A Williams Cross Flow Turbine, Sajjan Pokhrel

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Hydropower is not only the most used renewable energy source in the United States, but in the world. While it is well known that large hydropower facilities, like the Hoover Dam, provide large amounts of electrical power, there is also a tremendous opportunity for hydroelectric power generation from small scale facilities that has largely been overlooked. The work being presented here studies a new cross flow turbine called the Williams Cross Flow Turbine (WCFT), which was designed to extract electric energy from low head, run-of-the-river, small hydropower sites. To spur the implementation of the WCFT in small hydropower applications, and …

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Visualization Of Carbon Monoxide Particles Released From Firearms, Sadan Suneesh Menon Jan 2017

Visualization Of Carbon Monoxide Particles Released From Firearms, Sadan Suneesh Menon

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A number of soldiers have come forward to report discomfort, irritation and respiratory problems after taking part in a live firing session. These problems are caused due to the fumes and particulates emitted from the gun upon firing. There exists substantial research work focused on lead and other harmful metallic particulates expelled from a firearm, since they are the most harmful among the other emissions. However, our research focuses on visualizing the carbon monoxide (CO) particles released from a firearm in order to help understand adverse effects they may have on the human body. We use data provided by researchers …

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Web-Delivered Assembly Language Interactive Training And Its Sequence Identification For Software Reverse Engineering, Sunethra Thimmapuram Jan 2017

Web-Delivered Assembly Language Interactive Training And Its Sequence Identification For Software Reverse Engineering, Sunethra Thimmapuram

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The purpose of this research is to help the beginners of software reverse engineering, the process of extracting knowledge or design information from a product and reproducing it on basis of extracted information. Beginner users often find it difficult to use, as the task may be found daunting at first sight due to a lack of existing learning resources. We need a better way to present information to the novice reverse engineer about how to understand low-level sequences of assembly instructions. This is akin to how the key to learning a foreign language is based upon a fundamental knowledge of …

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Development Of A Performance Assessment System For Language Learning, Imen Kasrani Jan 2017

Development Of A Performance Assessment System For Language Learning, Imen Kasrani

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Recent advances in computer-assisted, language-speaking, learning/training technology have demonstrated its promising potential to improve the outcome of language learning in early education, special education, English as a Second Language (ESL), and foreign language. The growing number of readily available mobile app-based solutions help encourage interest in learning to speak a foreign language, but their effectiveness is limited due to their lack of objective assessment and performance feedback resembling expert judgment. For example, it has been recognized that, in early education, students learn best with one-on-one instructions. Unfortunately, teachers do not have the time, and it is challenging to extend the …

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Evolution And Biogeography Of The Tachinid Flies With Focus On The Tribe Blondeliini (Insecta: Diptera: Tachinidae), Z. L. Burington Jan 2017

Evolution And Biogeography Of The Tachinid Flies With Focus On The Tribe Blondeliini (Insecta: Diptera: Tachinidae), Z. L. Burington

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1. The large Diptera family Tachinidae is a diverse and recent group of koinobiont endoparasitoids feeding on a wide range of insects and some other arthropods. 2. Unfortunately, taxonomic confusion and poor understanding of tropical faunas has made difficulties for both basic and derived ecological research on tachinid flies. 3. Here I present evolutionary and ecological hypotheses for tachinid flies, with focus on the large tribe Blondeliini. Chapter 2 summarizes evidence for a latitudinal gradient in tachinid fly species richness within the Americas, using 7 survey data sets within both the temperate zone and tropics. In Chapter 3, I use …

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Adapting The Search Space While Limiting Damage During Learning In A Simulated Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle, Monica Sam Jan 2017

Adapting The Search Space While Limiting Damage During Learning In A Simulated Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle, Monica Sam

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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are characterized by closely coupled physical and software components that operate simultaneously on different spatial and temporal scales; exhibit multiple and distinct behavioral modalities; and interact with one another in ways not entirely predictable at the time of design. A commonly appearing type of CPS are systems that contain one or more smart components that adapt locally in response to global measurements of whole system performance. An example of a smart component robotic CPS system is a Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle (FW-MAV) that contains wing motion oscillators that control their wing flapping patterns to enable the …

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Towards A Prediction Of Landscape Evolution From Chemical Weathering And Soil Production, Eric Alan Jackson Jan 2017

Towards A Prediction Of Landscape Evolution From Chemical Weathering And Soil Production, Eric Alan Jackson

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The time evolution of a periodic landscape under the influence of chemical weathering and physical erosion is computed. The model used incorporates weathering and soil production as a flux limited reaction controlled by groundwater flow. Scaling of the flow rate is obtained from a percolation theoretic treatment. The erosion of the soil material produced by this process is modeled by the diffusion of elevation, as consistent with downslope soil transport proportional to the tangent of the angle of the topography, and application of the equation of continuity to surface soil transport. Three initial topographies are examined over a periods of …

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Thermoelectrical Properties Of Covetics, S. M. Sarif Rana Jan 2017

Thermoelectrical Properties Of Covetics, S. M. Sarif Rana

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Covetics are hybrid materials fabricated by fusing carbon with metals in an induction furnace. There is an indication that covetics have better thermal and electrical proper-ties in comparison with pure metals. The main goal of this research is to study thermal transport in covetics measured by specific absorption rate using calorimetry. In addition, temperature distribution has been measured along the both metal and covetic wires carrying currents of 5 A and 10 A, respectively. The first set of copper covetic (Cu cov) samples with nominal content of 36 at% carbon were prepared by Third Millennium Materials Company (TMMC) in the …

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Extraordinary Optical Transmission In Aligned Carbon Nanotube Devices At Terahertz Frequencies., Shaikhah F. Almousa Jan 2017

Extraordinary Optical Transmission In Aligned Carbon Nanotube Devices At Terahertz Frequencies., Shaikhah F. Almousa

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In the phenomenon known as extraordinary optical transmission (EOT), a narrow band of selected frequencies are transmitted when incident on an array of subwavelength periodic apertures where the resonant frequency is determined by the geometry of the array of apertures and optical properties of the metal-dielectric interface. This takes place due to the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the metal and dielectric interface. Using the COMSOL Multiphysics software RF Module, a unit cell of a carbon nanotube (CNT) based EOT device is modeled in order to verify theoretical calculations of the resonant frequency using S-parameter calculations. The simulation …

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Detection And Analysis Of Polyurethane Biodegradation Due To Cryptococcus Laurentii, Tyler Jacob Zicht Jan 2017

Detection And Analysis Of Polyurethane Biodegradation Due To Cryptococcus Laurentii, Tyler Jacob Zicht

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Current United States aircraft are equipped with a multitude of protective coatings on the interior and exterior of the vehicle, ultimately enhancing their ability to ensure a safe and effective mission. Aircraft, over the course of their lifetime, will experience impact, corrosion, weathering, and microbial damage to its defensive structures, rendering it vulnerable to attacks. Damaged coatings are then repaired on the aircraft once detected in inspection or replaced in accordance to the lifecycle of the material on the aircraft. However potentially harmful threats such as bacteria are not considered by the Air Force to be dangerous. Therefore, the purpose …

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Harassment Detection On Twitter Using Conversations, Venkatesh Edupuganti Jan 2017

Harassment Detection On Twitter Using Conversations, Venkatesh Edupuganti

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Social media has brought people closer than ever before, but the use of social media has also brought with it a risk of online harassment. Such harassment can have a serious impact on a person such as causing low self-esteem and depression. The past research on detecting harassment on social media is primarily based on the content of messages exchanged on social media. The lack of context when relying on a single social media post can result in a high degree of false alarms. In this study, I focus on the reliable detection of harassment on Twitter by better understanding …

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Antimicrobial Activity Of Fractionated Borohydride-Capped And Electrochemical Colloidal Silver, Marjorie M. Markopoulos Jan 2017

Antimicrobial Activity Of Fractionated Borohydride-Capped And Electrochemical Colloidal Silver, Marjorie M. Markopoulos

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Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ionic silver (Ag+) are known to be broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Recent studies show these agents may be an alternative to the most widely used drinking water disinfectant, chlorine. Chlorine is a toxic industrial chemical with a lethal concentration of 430 ppm after 30 minutes. Additionally, chlorine can react with naturally occurring materials to produce a number of disinfection byproducts such as chloroform and trihalomethanes. Some of these byproducts pose cancer risks in addition to other negative impacts to human health. These would be eliminated with the use of Ag+ or AgNPs. The main goal of this …

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Development Of An Ultra-Portable Non-Contact Wound Measurement System, Anka Babu Billa Jan 2017

Development Of An Ultra-Portable Non-Contact Wound Measurement System, Anka Babu Billa

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Continuous monitoring of changes in wound size is key to correctly predict whether wounds will heal readily with conventional treatment or require more aggressive treatment strategies. Unfortunately, existing wound measurement solutions don't meet the clinical demand due to their limitations in accuracy, operating complexity and time, acquisition and operation cost, or reproducibility, resulting in unnecessarily lengthy recovery or extra treatment procedures, incurring an excessively high financial cost, and in many cases extended usage of addictive painkillers. In this thesis, we proposed and developed a low cost, a portable non-contact solution that combines multi-spectral imaging and a portfolio of imaging processing …

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Semantics-Based Summarization Of Entities In Knowledge Graphs, Kalpa Gunaratna Jan 2017

Semantics-Based Summarization Of Entities In Knowledge Graphs, Kalpa Gunaratna

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The processing of structured and semi-structured content on the Web has been gaining attention with the rapid progress in the Linking Open Data project and the development of commercial knowledge graphs. Knowledge graphs capture domain-specific or encyclopedic knowledge in the form of a data layer and add rich and explicit semantics on top of the data layer to infer additional knowledge. The data layer of a knowledge graph represents entities and their descriptions. The semantic layer on top of the data layer is called the schema (ontology), where relationships of the entity descriptions, their classes, and the hierarchy of the …

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Removal Of Select Chlorinated Hydrocarbons By Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported On Powdered Activated Charcoal, Md Abu Raihan Chowdhury Jan 2017

Removal Of Select Chlorinated Hydrocarbons By Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Supported On Powdered Activated Charcoal, Md Abu Raihan Chowdhury

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Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) has shown limited effectiveness in degrading chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHCs), like 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (1,1,1-TCA) and Trichloroethene (TCE), in aqueous solution. A rapid agglomeration behavior of NZVI particles due to van der waals and magnetic forces can negatively impact its overall effectiveness due to increase in particle size, and decline in CHC degradation kinetics. Different support materials, such as clays and activated carbon, have been used to stabilize NZVI particle and reduce agglomeration in aqueous solution. In this bench-scale study, NZVI supported on Powdered Activated Charcoal (PAC) was selected to prepare a composite, called PAC/NZVI, for a more …

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Linking The Variance Of Permeability And Porosity To Newly Interpreted Lithofacies At The Site Of The Illinois Basin - Decatur Project, Decatur, Illinois, Ritu Chaity Ghose Jan 2017

Linking The Variance Of Permeability And Porosity To Newly Interpreted Lithofacies At The Site Of The Illinois Basin - Decatur Project, Decatur, Illinois, Ritu Chaity Ghose

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For effective geological sequestration of CO_2, it is critical to understand the processes associated with CO_2 movement and trapping in reservoirs, which requires a proper understanding of a diverse set of heterogeneous geologic properties. A highly-resolved data set from the Cambrian lower Mt. Simon sandstone reservoir (Unit A) in Decatur, Illinois, was used in a new approach to analyzing the variance of permeability and porosity. Newly interpreted bedding types, along with other factors, including grain size, and presence of bleached alterations, were considered in the analysis of variance. The results reveal that the factors contributing most to the sample variance …

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Synthesis Of Alkyl Substituted Phenylated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone Ketone)S, Matthew Cerone Jan 2017

Synthesis Of Alkyl Substituted Phenylated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone Ketone)S, Matthew Cerone

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A phenylated bis(fluorobenzoyl) monomer, 5-hexyl-2,3-diphenyl-1,4-bis(fluorobenzoyl)benzene, was synthesized via a four-step process. The first three compounds synthesized were diethyl 5-hexyl-2,3-diphenyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate, 5-hexyl-1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-diphenylbenzene and 5-hexyl-2,3-diphenyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxaldehyde. The final step involved the reaction of the Grignard formed from p-bromofluorobenzene with the dialdehyde to yield a diol intermediate which was oxidized to the bis(fluorobenzoyl) monomer by use of a Jones oxidation. The monomer was polymerized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution (NAS) with bisphenol-A, resorcinol, and hydroquinone in N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) to yield novel, phenylated PEEKKs. The number-average molecular weights (Mn) for the polymers were found to be 35,700 g/mol, 34,800 g/mol and 28,000 g/mol, respectively and the weight-average …

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Synthesis Of 4-Iodo-3-(2-Iodoaryl) And 4-Bromo-3-(2-Bromoaryl) Sydnones And Their Reactions With Sodium Sulfite, Sodium Borohydride, And Iodine Monochloride, Kyle Jacob Liddy Jan 2017

Synthesis Of 4-Iodo-3-(2-Iodoaryl) And 4-Bromo-3-(2-Bromoaryl) Sydnones And Their Reactions With Sodium Sulfite, Sodium Borohydride, And Iodine Monochloride, Kyle Jacob Liddy

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One goal of the Turnbull research group has been the synthesis of dihalogenated arylsydnones; i.e. sydnones with halogen substitution on the sydnone ring itself, as well as at the position on the aryl ring ortho to the sydnone. Further, it has been of interest to explore the reactivity of these compounds, once obtained. The present study examined the synthesis of 4-iodo-3-(2-iodoaryl)-, or "diiodo", and 4-bromo-3-(2-bromoaryl)-, or "dibromo", sydnones and the reactions of these compounds with Na2SO3 (sodium sulfite) and NaBH4 (sodium borohydride) to create a better understanding of the reactivity of diiodo and dibromo arylsydnones in general. Additionally, the reactivity …

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Intelligent Tutoring System Effects On The Learning Process, Ali Talib Qasim Al-Aqbi Jan 2017

Intelligent Tutoring System Effects On The Learning Process, Ali Talib Qasim Al-Aqbi

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The traditional education systems that have been used for several centuries have evolved very slowly and might be ineffective for addressing diverse learning styles and levels of preparation. This system is characterized by many students interacting with a single teacher, who is unable to address the individual needs of every student. Therefore, some students can become frustrated and fail to reach their educational potential. An Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), which is a computer application used to provide students with one-to-one supplemental tutoring tailored to the student's learning style and pace, is of interest to educators for improving student learning. To …

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Rendering Owl In Latex For Improved Readability: Extensions To The Owlapi, Cogan M. Shimizu Jan 2017

Rendering Owl In Latex For Improved Readability: Extensions To The Owlapi, Cogan M. Shimizu

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As ontology engineering is inherently a multidisciplinary process, it is necessary to utilize multiple vehicles to present an ontology to a user. In order to examine the content of an ontology, formal logic renderings of the axioms appear to be a very helpful approach for some. This thesis introduces a number of incremental improvements to the OWLAPI's \LaTeX{} rendering framework in order to improve the readability, concision, and correctness of OWL files translated into Description Logic and First Order Logic. In addition, we examine the efficacy of these renderings as vehicles for understanding an ontology.

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