Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Base-Induced Reactions Of P-Nitrobenzyl Compounds, Paul Henry Ruehle

Doctoral Dissertations

"The base-induced reactions of several p-nitrobenzyl compounds were studied. The products varied with changes in the leaving groups. With relatively poor leaving groups (Cl, S⁺(Me)₂), p,p'- dinitrostilbene was produced in good yield. The products of the reaction of p-nitrobenzyl chloride and hydroxide ion in 50% aqueous dioxane were 52.0% p,p'-dinitrostilbene, 43.9% cis- and trans-p,p'-dinitrostilbene oxides, 3.2% p-nitrobenzyl alcohol, and traces of other compounds. With dissolved oxygen, no stilbene was produced; the main product was 88% cis- and trans-p,p'-dinitrostilbene oxides. The addition of small amounts of di-t-butyl nitroxide caused a decrease in both the rate of the reaction and the amount …

The Chemical And Electrochemical Oxidative Decarboxylation Of Methyliminodiacetic Acid In Acid Media, Rita Kathleen Hessley

Doctoral Dissertations

"Methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) is oxidized with cerium. (IV) in both perchloric and sulfuric acids to give sarcosine, formaldehyde, and carbon dioxide"--Abstract, page 2.

A Study Of The Kinetic And Thermodynamic Properties Of Carbon Acids In Methanol, Dennis L. Filger

Doctoral Dissertations

The thermodynamic acidity (pK_a) of iodoform in methanol was determined at 25°C and 35°C; the values are 18.74 and 18.05, respectively . These acidity constants were determined by a modification of the equilibrium quenching technique which involves the conversion of the conjugate base of iodoform, present at equilibrium, to the radioactively labelled acid.

The rate constants for the methoxide-catalyzed hydrogentritium exchange of chloroform, iodoform, 9-phenylfluorene and indene were determined in methanol at various temperatures. The second-order rate constants obtained from these studies were shown to be the rate constants for removal of a triton. The activation parameters (ΔH …

Thermodynamic And Electrochemical Studies Of Niobium In Molten Fluorides And Chloroaluminates, Gann Ting

Doctoral Dissertations

The oxide chemistry of niobium(V) has been studied in molten LiF-BeF₂ mixtures. The stoichiometry of an oxygen-containing niobium(V) species (NbO₂F) has been established in molten Li₂BeF₄ from the heterogeneous equilibrations of NiNb₂o₆ and NiO with the melt containing NiF₂, the equilibrium quotient for the reaction was determined. The equilibrium quotient for the heterogeneous reaction of Nb₂O₅ and BeO with molten LiF-BeF₂ mixtures (67-33 and 52-48 mole %) was also determined, and the effect of the melt composition on the solubility of Nb₂O_{5 …}

A Study Of Gas-Surface Interactions Through Sticking Coefficient, Condensation Coefficient And Sublimation Rate Measurements, Charles E. Bryson Iii

Doctoral Dissertations

"The behavior of the sticking coefficient of CO₂ on an H₂O substrate as a function of time is interpreted in terms of a microscopic nucleation theory. For a substrate temperature near 75 K and an incident flux near 10¹³ molecule cm⁻² sec⁻¹, a critical cluster size of four molecules and and activation energy of nucleation of 22 ± 2.4 Kcal mole⁻¹ is obtained. The analysis treats the nucleation processes as continuous rather than as a discontinuous process at some critical temperature.

In addition the same molecular beam apparatus used for the above experiment was used to measure the condensation …

Tchebycheff Approximation On A Discrete Point Set: Algorithms Old And New, William Edward Mcbride

Doctoral Dissertations

"Several linear and nonlinear algorithms for solving the discrete Tchebycheff problem are compared in this study. The Lawson algorithm is compared with two more well-known methods of linear Tchebycheff approximation. A new acceleration scheme for the Lawson algorithm is introduced and its performance is tested with an already existing acceleration technique. The new version is found to be better than the previous one but not as effective as the traditional Exchange method.

A nonlinear version of Lawson's algorithm is proposed for the solution of problems having approximating functions which are varisolvent. Some linear theorems of Lawson are extended to the …

Charge Transfer Between Oˉ Ions And O₂ Molecules In The Ground State And Singlet Delta Excited State, Ronald Floyd Mathis

Doctoral Dissertations

"A crossed-beam apparatus has been built and used to study charge transfer between O⁻ ions and O₂ molecules in the ground state and in the metastable, singlet delta, excited state. The energy of the incident ions ranged from 10 to 10,000 eV.

The cross section for charge transfer between O⁻ and ground state O₂ was found to peak at about 5 keV, as predicted on the basis of the Rapp and Francis theory. At the lower energies there is good agreement with the previous measurements of Snow et al., and Rutherford and Turner, who also used crossed beam techniques. The …

Hall Effect Measurements Of The Net Ionic Mobility In Nacl, Nabr And Nai, Suman Kumar Hukku

Doctoral Dissertations

"Ac Hall effect measurements of the net ionic mobility, µ_H, in "pure" NaCl, NaBr and Nal were made over their intrinsic temperature ranges extending up to about 250⁰ C below the crystal melting point. A well characterized detector system was employed which provided a mobility sensitivity ≥ 2 x 10^-4 cm² · V^-1 · s^-1. Complementary electrical conductivity, σ, data was also collected. The charge transport was assumed to be due to Schottky defects and both cation and anion contributions were considered. The high temperature anion contribution to mobility was clearly demonstrated by …

A Stochastic Theory Of The Stepwise Growth Of Ice Crystal Surfaces, Andreas Kasimir Goroch

Doctoral Dissertations

"Previous theories have had limited success in explaining the presence of a peak in the behavior of the rate of advance of a step on an ice crystal surface with respect to temperature. In the present work we examine the temperature dependence of the advance of steps on the basal face of an ice crystal from several points of view. An alternate derivation is presented for the random motion of adsorbents on a cubic lattice with absorbing points, and this theory is applied for the advance of a step on an ice surface. The velocity of step advance according to …

A Study Of The Pulse-Height Response Of Silicon Surface-Barrier Detectors To High-Energy Heavy Ions, Gregory Dan Smith

Doctoral Dissertations

"The pulse-height defect (PHD) of high-energy heavy ions in silicon surface-barrier detectors can be divided into three components: (1) energy loss in the gold-surface layer, (2) a nuclear-stopping defect, and (3) a defect due to recombination of electron-hole pairs in the plasma created by the heavy ion. The plasma recombination portion of the PHD was the subject of this study using the variation of the PHD with (1) the angle of incidence of incoming heavy ions, and (2) changes in the detector bias. The Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator at Argonne National Laboratory was used to produce scattered beam ions …

Some Results On Quasi-Uniform Spaces, Karen Sylvia Carter

Doctoral Dissertations

"An example of a quasi-uniform space which is complete but not strongly complete is constructed. We also give an example to show that a T₁ space does not necessarily have a T₁ strong completion.

The definition of Cauchy filter is discussed. An alternate definition, referred to as C-filter, is considered. A construction of a C-completion is given and it is shown that if a quasi-pseudometric is complete, then the corresponding quasi-uniform structure is C-complete.

Conjugate quasi-uniform spaces are discussed. A theorem relating a transitive base of a quasi-uniform structure to a transitive base of the conjugate structure is …

The Atomic Absorption Determination Of Ultra-Trace Tellurium In Rocks Utilizing High Sensitivity Sampling Systems, Richard D. Beaty

Doctoral Dissertations

"The sampling boat and the graphite furnace have been shown to possess the required sensitivity to detect tellurium at ultra-trace levels, in a variety of sample types, by atomic absorption. In the sampling boat approach, tellurium in sample solutions is chemically separated and concentrated by extraction into methyl isobutyl ketone before measurement. For samples exhibiting extraction interferences or excessively high background absorption, a preliminary separation of tellurium by coprecipitation with selenium is described. Using this technique, tellurium can be quantitatively detected down to 5 nanograms and linear response is observed to 100 nanograms. Relative standard deviations of better than 7% …

Scavenging Of Atmospheric Particles By Water Drops, Ming-Shian Wu

Doctoral Dissertations

"In the first paper, the mechanisms of particle capture and coalescence of aerosols by a moving water drop in the atmosphere are studied using the boundary-layer flow approximation. The particle trajectory is computed by solving the equations of motion of the particle both outside and inside the boundary layer using the Adams-Moulton method. The grazing trajectory is found by a trial-and-error technique. The collision and collection efficiencies of scavenging due to particle inertia and to the velocity gradient of the flow field are then computed for water drops ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mm in radius and for particle of …

Auger Satellites Of The L₂₃ Auger Emission Bands Of Al, Si, And P, John Junior Melles

Doctoral Dissertations

"In this study a detailed investigation of the high energy satellites of the L₂₃ Auger emission bands of Al, Si, and P was made. The satellites are interpreted as arising from double ionization of the L₂₃ shell rather than from a plasmon gain process. The parent-satellite energy separations, ΔE, between like structures were determined and were found to be consistently smaller than the volume plasmon energies measured for the same samples. A comparison of Si and SiO revealed no evidence that ΔE for Si is dependent on the volume plasmon energy of the sample.

The satellite threshold excitation …

Paleozoic Stratigraphy As An Ore Control Of Hydrothermal, Base-Metal, Sulfide Deposits In New Mexico, John Samuel Sullivan Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations

"Until now the concept or regional stratigraphic control of hydrothermal ore deposits has not received much attention in the literature as a possible exploration guide for locating additional ore bodies. This concept is applied on a regional scale to Paleozoic strata in thirteen mining districts with hydrothermal base-metal deposits in a 35,300 square mile area or southwest New Mexico.

The rocks at the stratigraphic position of the ore-zones are characterized as massive- to thick-bedded with less than 5 percent chert present. The rocks are abundantly to moderately fractured. Fine- to medium-grained dolomite is the dominant host-rock in the lower Paleozoic …

Absolute Differential Elastic And Inelastic Cross Sections In 25-140 Kev He⁺ + He Collisions, Victor Pol

Doctoral Dissertations

"The UMR heavy-ion energy-loss spectrometer has been modified to study the angular dependence of elastic and inelastic scattering for 25-140 keV He⁺ incident on He. The data were obtained as energy-loss spectra at angles from 0 to 7.3 x 10^-3 rad (c.m.) with energy-loss resolution of 0.6 to 1.0 eV and angular resolution of 1.2 x 10^-3 to 2.4 x 10^-3 rad (c.m.). From the spectra we have calculated average differential cross sections for elastic scattering, direct excitation of the individual He(n=2) states and direct excitation of the He⁺(n=2) states. By integrating the differential …

Anionic Polymerization Of A Series Of 5-Membered Cyclocarbosiloxanes, Balaraman Suryanarayanan

Doctoral Dissertations

"A study has been made on the anionic polymerization of a series of 5-membered cyclocarbosiloxanes with methyl and/or phenyl substituents. The polymerization was initiated by lithium n-butyldiphenylsilanolate in the presence of tetrahydrofuran. Six 5-membered cyclocarbosiloxanes (2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-1-oxa-2,5-disilacyclopentane; 2,2,5- trimethyl-5-phenyl-1-oxa-2,5-disilacyclopentane; 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-diphenyl- 1-oxa-2,5-disilacyclopentane; 2,2-dimethyl-5 ·,5-diphenyl-1-oxa- 2,5-disilacyclopentane; 2-methyl-2,5,5-triphenyl-1-oxa-2,5-disilacyclopentane; 2,2,5,5-tetraphenyl-1-oxa-2,5-disilacyclopentane) were synthesized. Since the chemical shifts of the protons of the cyclic monomers and the polymers formed were different, the rate of polymerization of the cyclic monomers was measured utilizing an NMR spectrometer. The effects of tetrahydrofuran concentration, initiator concentration and water concentration on the rate of polymer formation and on the molecular weight of …

Petrography, Diagenesis And Environment Of Deposition Of The Gasconade Formation, Lower Ordovician, Southern Missouri, Abd El-Aziz El-Hady A. Borahay

Doctoral Dissertations

"The Gasconade Formation (Lower Ordovician) has been studied in the surface and subsurface in the Ozarks of Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma. The formation is mostly dolomite with a sandstone member at the base (Gunter) and frequent occurrences of chert bodies of different shapes particularly in the middle part.

The dolomite crystals in the lower and upper parts are subhedral to euhedral of equicrystalline to two-size fabric and range in size from 300-600 microns, and subhedral to anhedral of variable fabric and smaller size in the middle part. A sequence of cloudy and clear areas, named zoning, characterizes the euhedral crystals. …

Approaches To The Synthesis Of Azabullvalene, Thomas Rudolph Steinheimer

Doctoral Dissertations

"Three approaches to the synthesis of the heretofore unknown azabullvalene, the pi electron equivalent heterocyclic congener of bullvalene itself, are described. Two of the schemes are based upon the assumption that the most convenient method for the introduction of the nitrogen atom is via thermal rearrangement of the appropriate azide.

The first involved the generation of the homobarrelene carbon skeleton and sub sequent decomposition of its azide. This compound arises formally as the product of the Diels-Alder addition of acetylene to the bicyclic valence isomer of tropyl azide (cyclohepta-1, 3, 5- trienyl-7-azide). In order to achieve this goal, Diels-Alder additions …

Petrography, Chemical Composition, And Stratigraphic Setting Of The Coals Of North-Central Missouri, William Keith Wedge

Doctoral Dissertations

"Under a grant from the National Air Pollution Control Administration, the Missouri Geological Survey undertook a core drilling program to learn more about the coals in north-central Missouri. The stratigraphic setting and chemical and petrographic characteristics of 43 complete samples of coal recovered from 13 diamond drill holes in the exploration program in north-central Missouri are major contributions of this study. These samples represent twelve different coal beds of the Atokan and Desmoinesian Series of the Pennsylvanian System of Missouri and range in thickness from 9.6 to 44.4 inches. They have an average thickness of 20.4 inches and a combined …

Mössbauer Studies Of Electrostatic Hyperfine Interactions In 238U, 236U, And 234U, Joyce Anne Monard

Doctoral Dissertations

The nuclear gamma resonance (NGR) for ²³⁸U, ²³⁶U, and ²³⁴U in the compound (UO₂) Rb (NO₃)₃ has been established at 4.2°K following the alpha decay of PuO₂ sources. The ratios of the electric quadrupole moments of these isotopes have been determined and the electric field gradient at the uranium site has been calculated from the data. The isomer shift in ²³⁴U has been measured for both PuO₂ and PuA1₄ sources and the change in nuclear radius between the excited and the ground state has been calculated.

A Study Of The (3He, N) Reaction At 25 Mev, Mark Bentley Greenfield

Doctoral Dissertations

Energy spectra of neutrons from the ¹²C (³He, n)140; ²⁷A1(³He, n)²⁹P; ²⁸Si(³He, n)³⁰S; and ^58,60,62Ni(³He, n)^60,62,64Zn reactions have been measured at 25 MeV incident ³He energy using time-of-flight techniques. An overall energy resolution of about 1 percent for detection of 10-35 MeV neutrons provided accurate determinations of level excitations. Differential cross sections were extracted for many two particle states with up to 10 MeV excitation in the residual nuclei. By varying the beam incident angle and leaving the flight path somewhat …

The Utilization Of High Sensitivity Noble Gas Mass Spectrometry In The Detection Of Iodine-129 And Plutonium-244, Mervet S. Boulos

Doctoral Dissertations

"Mass spectrometric analysis of the xenon isotopes in natural gas wells demonstrates that radioactive isotopes of element number 53 (I) and element number 94 (Pu) were present at the time of the Earth's formation. Evidence for the now extinct nuclide¹²⁹I (t_1/2 = 17 x 10⁶ years) was found in CO₂ -rich gas while evidence for the now extinct ²⁴⁴Pu (t_1/2 = 82 x 10⁶ years) was discovered in other natural gas wells. The amounts of ¹²⁹I in thyroids was measured by combining neutron activation analysis with noble gas mass spectrometry. The current …

Elementary Length Topologies Constructed Using Pseudo-Norms With Values In Tikhohov Semi-Fields, Jackie Ray Hamm

Doctoral Dissertations

"Elementary length topologies defined on normed and pseudo-normed linear spaces are studied. It is shown that elementary length topologies constructed with different pseudo-norms are never equivalent. Elementary length topologies are constructed on certain topological spaces and some of their properties are investigated. It is shown that certain "measuring devices" (i.e., norms, pseudo-norms, semi-norms, and pseudo-metrics) which take their values in Tikhonov semifields may be used to construct elementary length topologies on any topological linear space. Relationships between two elementary length topologies generated with different measuring devices are considered.

Let (X,t) be a topological linear space such that t is determined …

Diffusiophoretic Forces Between Juxtaposed Atmospheric Particles, Allen L. Williams

Doctoral Dissertations

"The role of diffusiophoretics and Stefan flow in droplet growth by accretion and in-cloud scavenging is examined. A calculation is made for the diffusive forces between two juxtaposed spheres one or both of which are undergoing diffusional growth and the influence of the diffusive force on the trajectories of two spheres, assumed to obey the creeping flow equations is found. The results are: a) the diffusiophoretic force between two water droplets is zero. b) the diffusiophoretic force between a spherical ice particle and a water droplet, although non-zero, is too small to appreciably influence the fall trajectories. c) the diffusiophoretic …

An Acceleration Technique For A Conjugate Direction Algorithm For Nonlinear Regression, Larry Wilmer Cornwell

Doctoral Dissertations

"A linear acceleration technique, LAT, is developed which is applied to three conjugate direction algorithms: (1) Fletcher-Reeves algorithm, (2) Davidon-Fletcher-Powell algorithm and (3) Grey's Orthonormal Optimization Procedure (GOOP). Eight problems are solved by the three algorithms mentioned above and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The addition of the LAT algorithm improves the rate of convergence for the GOOP algorithm in all problems attempted and for some problems using the Fletcher-Reeves algorithm and the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell algorithm. Using the number of operations to perform function and derivative evaluations, the algorithms mentioned above are compared. Although the GOOP algorithm is relatively unknown outside of the …

The Average Dissipation Curve Of An Attenuative Layered Earth Medium, Joong Hee Chun

Doctoral Dissertations

"A feasible method of estimating the attenuative properties of a layered earth medium from a reflection seismogram has been developed. An average attenuation factor of n layers in the least squares sense is designated as ß and its usefulness in real applications is investigated. Techniques of extracting dissipation factors from both noise free and noisy reflection seismic traces are discussed. In order to describe the change of the factors with an increase of depth, an average dissipation curve the form of which is similar to the average velocity of layered medium is also introduced. Both the ß and the average …

Trend Surface Analysis As An Aid In Exploration For Mississippi Valley Type Ore Deposits, John Siegfried Trapp

Doctoral Dissertations

"The conditions necessary for emplacement of Mississippi Valley-type mineral deposits can be expressed using mathematical symbols as a function of the pre-depositional topography of the host formation and post-depositional structure. These conditions can be observed and analyzed in the Missouri region from residual maps of trend surface analysis of the Precambrian surface. In areas where the topography prior to deposition of the ore bearing horizon has been strongly altered by the deposition of the basal Paleozoic formation the Lamotte Formation residual maps from trend surface analysis of the top of the Lamotte better illustrate these conditions. The Lamotte Formation in …

Geochemical Anomalies In The Igneous Wall Rock At Mayflower Mine, Park City District, Utah, Zuhair Al-Shaieb

Doctoral Dissertations

"Approximately 500 samples were collected from the igneous wall rock of the Mayflower Mine, Park City District, Utah. The mine is the sixth largest gold producer in the United States. The samples were analyzed for copper lead, zinc silver, manganese, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Gold was determined by neutron activation analysis, silicon and sulfur by x-ray fluorescence spectrometery. The calculation of the mineral norm from the chemical analysis showed the wall rock to be of granodioritic composition. A study of selected vein samples indicates that the copper, silver and gold content in the veins …

Mathematical Modeling Of River Water Temperatures, Leland Lovell Long

Doctoral Dissertations

"The applicability of power spectral density techniques, Fourier series analysis, and linear regression to the mathematical modeling of river water temperature is demonstrated. Consideration is also given to the problem of estimating thermal inputs to rivers from man-made sources such as electrical power plants. First, power spectral density techniques are used in the time-series analysis of water temperature records which were taken from the Missouri River. Two spectral ranges are then studied from the standpoint of their applicability to (1) mathematical model building and (2) detection and identification of cyclic thermal inputs. Next, a Fourier regression fit to the time-series …