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Articles 1471 - 1500 of 2159

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Forensic Applications Of Capillary Electrophoresis, Jennifer A. Jakubowski Jun 2000

Forensic Applications Of Capillary Electrophoresis, Jennifer A. Jakubowski

Honors Theses

The separation by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of the chiral narcotic propoxyphene is the goal of this work. A three-way collaboration between our research group, Professor lsiah Warner (LSU), and the New York State Forensic Investigation Center is underway, with the goal of separating controlled substances and developing techniques that the Forensic Center can apply in it& investigations. Earlier studies by Warner's group have shown that using polymerized N-undecylenyl-L-amino acid and peptide derivatives as pseudo-stationary phases in CZE has resulted in the separation of chiral molecules. Our separations were attempted by combining the drug samples with polymerized N-undecylenyl-L-amino acid and …

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Stereoselection In The Preparation Of Alpha-Oxy-Beta-Amino Esters : Revealing The Mechanism, Richard James Fox Jun 2000

Stereoselection In The Preparation Of Alpha-Oxy-Beta-Amino Esters : Revealing The Mechanism, Richard James Fox

Honors Theses

Due to their significant pharmaceutical applications, the development of efficient, stereoselective synthetic routes for the preparation of α-substituted-β-amino esters has become increasingly important. We demonstrated that the titanium enolates (47) of a.alkoxy acetate esters (48) add cleanly to imines (49), and predominately afford the anti diastereomer of the a.-oxy-f3-amino ester product (50). Furthermore, by altering the electronic properties of the ether oxygen, sterics of the ester and temperature conditions, we changed the anti:syn product ratio. We rationalized the origin of these effects, and proposed a mechanism of imine addition.

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Diastereoselection In Titanium Enolate Addition To Aldmines, Julia Leigh Barkin Jun 2000

Diastereoselection In Titanium Enolate Addition To Aldmines, Julia Leigh Barkin

Honors Theses

A mild and versatile synthesis of a-oxy-6-amino esters has been performed by condensation of the chlorotitanium enolates of methyl methoxyacetate with aldimines. The imine-aldol addition occurs in excellent yields without Lewis acid activation of the imine. All aryl imines examined show good to excellent diastereoselection for the anti isomers.

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Fluorescence Studies Of Tris (2,2'-Bipyridine) Ruthenium (Ii) In Thin Clay Films, Samuel James Salamone Jun 2000

Fluorescence Studies Of Tris (2,2'-Bipyridine) Ruthenium (Ii) In Thin Clay Films, Samuel James Salamone

Honors Theses

Because of their rich intercalation chemistry and ability to enhance the thermal stability of the included guest, layered silicate clays are excellent hosts for the fabrication of organic/inorganic nanocomposites. Composites of hectorite and tris(2, 2' -bipyridine) ruthenium(U), Ru(bpy), 3 2+, have attracted attention owing to their potential applications as glucose and oxygen based chemical sensors. Previous studies on the fluorescence behavior of Ru(bpy)3 2+ complexes in aqueous colloidal clay suspensions have shown enhanced emission traces. We report here the first study of the fluorescence responses of Ru(bpy) 3 2+ exchanged thin clay films. Variation of guest concentration and exposure time …

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Determination Of The Wavelength Dependence On The Metal Catalyzed Degradation Of The Herbicide Atrazine, Timothy Bertram May 2000

Determination Of The Wavelength Dependence On The Metal Catalyzed Degradation Of The Herbicide Atrazine, Timothy Bertram

Honors Theses

Since the advent of modern herbicide use in the early twentieth century, researchers have been plagued with the obvious problem of herbicide disposal. Most herbicides are specifically designed to resist natural degradation processes so that they can remain effective in the field for a substantial amount of time. In addition, they are also made water soluble so that they can be easily applied to crops. Finally, they are specifically produced to kill undesirable plant species in the quickest and often crudest fashions. Due to these specific properties herbicides pose a general threat to other organisms living in the same geographic …

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Friction Of (110) Diamond In The Presence Of Small Hydrocarbon Molecule, Catherine Manning Jan 2000

Friction Of (110) Diamond In The Presence Of Small Hydrocarbon Molecule, Catherine Manning

Honors Theses

Molecular dynamic simulations have been used to explore the friction between two (110) diamond surfaces in sliding contact. In general, when a third-body hydrocarbon molecule is placed between two computer generated diamond surfaces in sliding contact, the result is a reduction of friction as the load iH increased compared to the same surfaces in the absence of third-body molecules. The size, shape, and alignment of the third-body hydrocarbon molecules play an essential role in the reduction of friction. Results for a system with ethane presented as a third-body molecule will be compared to previous theoretical studies as well as existing …

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Cisplatin Interstrand Cross-Linking Of Defined Sequence Nucleosomal Dna, Erin Elizabeth Wilkes Jan 2000

Cisplatin Interstrand Cross-Linking Of Defined Sequence Nucleosomal Dna, Erin Elizabeth Wilkes

Honors Theses

DNA interstrand cross-linking agents have been recognized for many years to be powerful antitumor chemotherapeutics. While the interactions between free DNA and many anticancer drugs have been explored extensively, there is less infonnation available about these interactions with nucleosomal DNA. Nitrogen mustards have been reported to exhibit relatively similar cross-linking sites and efficiencies of binding in free and nucleosomal DNA, but mitomycin C exhibits markedly reduced cross-linking near the center of nucleosomal DNA. This current study focuses on cisplatin interstrand cross-linking of the 154 base pair 55 rRNA gene fragment of Xenopus borealis reconstituted with histones from chicken erythrocytes. The …

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A Catechol Approach To Natural Product Synthesis, Michelle E. Weber Jan 2000

A Catechol Approach To Natural Product Synthesis, Michelle E. Weber

Honors Theses

This research has focused on the total synthesis of the iron--chelating natural product 1-(2,3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methoxy-I-butanone. An extract of the iron-cleficient fungus Gleophyllwn lraebeum, this molecule is thought to bind to Fe3+ in a hexacoordinate system to aid in transport through cell walls in order to help regulate iron levels in such iron-deficient fungi. Since the proposed structure of the molecule is based only on the spectral data of a very small sample, our hope is to synthesize and confirm its structure as the extract of the brown rot fungus. We have developed a relatively short retrosynthesis for our work on this …

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Interactions Of Ti(Iv) And Sn(Iv) Organometallic Complexes With Double-Stranded Dna, Katherine Macdonald Davies Jan 2000

Interactions Of Ti(Iv) And Sn(Iv) Organometallic Complexes With Double-Stranded Dna, Katherine Macdonald Davies

Honors Theses

In order to understand further the interactions that exist between specific organometallic complexes and DNA, reactions of double-stranded calf-thymus DNA with bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride [Cp₂TiC1₂] (TDC), bis(t-butylcyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride [(C₄H₉Cp)₂TiC1₂] (r-butyl TDC), bis(i-propylcyclopentadienly)titanium dichloride [(C₃H₆Cp)2TiCl₂ a-propyl mc), bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) titanium dichloride [(Cp"₂TiC1₂ (pentarnethyl TDC), triphenyltin chloride (Ph₃SnCl), diphenylrin dichloride (Ph₂SnC1₂) , and triphenyltin acetate (Ph₃SnOAc) were performed. The goal of this research is to establish how the fundamental structure and composition of these compounds determine the effecti veness of their DNA interactions. Each metal compound was incubated with calf thymus DNA at several metal: DNA ratios and reactions were maintained at 37°C at …

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Masterpiece: Computer-Generated Music Through Fractals And Genetic Theory, Amanda Broyles Jan 2000

Masterpiece: Computer-Generated Music Through Fractals And Genetic Theory, Amanda Broyles

Honors Theses

A wide variety of computer-generated music exists. I have writ.ten a program which will generate music by using genetic theory and fractals. The genetic theory is used to mold input pieces into a musical motif. The motif is then elaborated by the fractal formula into a composition. A brief introduction to the world of genetic theory and fractals is given. Analysis of a musical work produced in this manner shows coherent patterns and also emotion.

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A Computational Approach To Determining Stability Constants For Transition Metal Ion Complexes, Jason St. Clair Jan 2000

A Computational Approach To Determining Stability Constants For Transition Metal Ion Complexes, Jason St. Clair

Honors Theses

The complexation of metal ions in natural waters plays a critical role in defining the metal's biogeochemistry, Numerous investigators have used various experimental techniques to measure complexation constants in the laboratory, but many constants are still poorly undefined or have yet to be investigated due to the difficulty of some of the experiments. A computational approach to obtaining these constants for complexes of Fe(lII), Fe(D), Cr(lli), Cu(lI), Zn(II), and Cd(II) was explored with varying degrees of success. Calculated Gibbs Free Energies were compared to experimental stability constants. Calculations were performed using Spartan's DFT package at the pEP level and with …

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Determination Of Nizatidine-Guest Complexation Constants And Computer Aided Molecular Design, Carolyn J. Mordas Jan 2000

Determination Of Nizatidine-Guest Complexation Constants And Computer Aided Molecular Design, Carolyn J. Mordas

Honors Theses

Nizatidine, N-[2-[[[2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-4-thiazoly]]methy1]thio]ethyl]-N'- methyl- 2-nitro-I,l, ethenediamine, has been investigated for its potential to act as a host to small molecules through hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions. In previous work, pyridoxine (vitamin B6) was hypothesized to have a high guest-host binding constant with nizatidine. This was supported through experimental methods involving one and two dimensional NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and high performance liquid chromatography. Computer aided molecular design and three dimensional conformationally flexible database searching led to the discovery of other possible guests, including albuterol, which has exhibited even higher binding constants from HPLC.

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Behavioral Analysis And Enrichment Effects On Captive Red Wolves, Laurie Thompson Sep 1999

Behavioral Analysis And Enrichment Effects On Captive Red Wolves, Laurie Thompson

Honors Theses

The red wolf, Canis rufus, is a highly endangered predator native to the eastern United States. Their original range is thought to have extended from as far west as Texas all the way to the east coast, and as far south as Florida and north to at least the Ohio River valley. Their decline is attributed to human encroachment causing loss of habitat, persecution of the species, and extensive hybridization with coyotes, Canis latrans, once their numbers began to diminish (Riley and McBride, 1972). In addition to these problems, parasites have had a substantial effect on their already dwindling numbers …

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The Binding Of Fluorophores To Beta-Cyclodextrin Derivatives, Kellie J. Forrestall Jun 1999

The Binding Of Fluorophores To Beta-Cyclodextrin Derivatives, Kellie J. Forrestall

Honors Theses

β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a seven-unit cyclic sugar molecule with a toroidal shape, a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic cavity. It has been suggested that pyrene (P) forms a 2:1 (P(β-CD)2) complex with β-CD, where pyrene lies in-between the two wider rims of the β-CD. We examined this hypothesis by comparing the spectral properties of pyrene in the presence of substituted β-CDs. These properties include the shape and lifetime of pyrene fluorescence and the effect on pyrene fluorescence of added iodide quencher and alcohol. The derivatives studied included those with substituents only on the narrow rim, and those with substitution on …

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The Characterization Of Methylene-Blue-Doped Sol Gels And The Development Of A Fluorenscence-Based Fiber-Optic Sensor For Sulfite, Tara K. Morcone Jun 1999

The Characterization Of Methylene-Blue-Doped Sol Gels And The Development Of A Fluorenscence-Based Fiber-Optic Sensor For Sulfite, Tara K. Morcone

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research was to develop a fiber-optic sensor for sulfite via immobilizing Methylene Blue (MB) within a sol-gel matrix. MB is a redox-indicating dye. In the oxidized form, the dye is a blue color, but reduction causes a change to the colorless, leuco form. This property is advantageous for the detection of reducing agents, such as sulfite. In solution, leuco-MB reverts to its blue form in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The method of MB immobilization is through the use of sol gels. The environment of a sol gel is chemically inert and small analytes can …

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The Dynamic Interactions Of Actin Stress Fibers And Microtubutes, Daniel Jason Kelmanovich Jun 1999

The Dynamic Interactions Of Actin Stress Fibers And Microtubutes, Daniel Jason Kelmanovich

Honors Theses

The regulation of actin stress fibers (SF) are linked to the stability of microtubule (M1) structures. The exact method of interaction is not understood. To study the interaction, live cells containing fluorescent α-actinin were observed and treated with MT perturbing drugs as well as ATP-depletion. These treatments affect the stability of the microtubules and stress fibers respectively. A plasmid coding for fluorescent tubulin was also inserted into these cells to aid in observing both the MTs and SFs simultaneously. The observation relies on fluorescent microscopy and digital imaging. By observing the changes in the MTs and SFs in live cells, …

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The Polymerization Of Aniline On Transition-Metal Cation Exchanged Hectorite Films, Charity Mcmanaman Jun 1999

The Polymerization Of Aniline On Transition-Metal Cation Exchanged Hectorite Films, Charity Mcmanaman

Honors Theses

Inorganic-organic materials often exhibit enhanced flexibility and thermal stability over their individual inorganic and organic precursors. We are studying the polymerization of organic aniline monomers on inorganic hectorite clay thin film supports. Previous research has shown that aniline polymerizes on the surface and intergallery regions of Cu(II)-exchanged hectorite films. We have synthesized a library of first row transition-metal exchanged hectorite thin film hosts and are probing the effects of the different transition metal cations on aniline polymerization. We have used infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and digital photography to characterize the extent of aniline polymerization on the films. Utilizing the transition …

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Biogeography Of The Short-Tailed Shrews (Blarina Brevicauda And B. Carolinensis) In The Tennessee River Valley And Adjacent Areas Of The Midsouth, Michael Jeffries Apr 1999

Biogeography Of The Short-Tailed Shrews (Blarina Brevicauda And B. Carolinensis) In The Tennessee River Valley And Adjacent Areas Of The Midsouth, Michael Jeffries

Honors Theses

In response to conflicting reports of the distribution of the two species of Blarina (B. brevicauda and B. carolinensis) in the Tennessee Valley area, specimens from The Natural History Museum of The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga and The University of Georgia were analyzed. Cranial measurements were used in both a discriminant function analysis and a principle components analysis to determine species assignments. Blarina brevicauda was found in central Tennessee, the highlands of the Cumberland Plateau, and the mountains of far east Tennessee, whereas B. carolinensis was found in the Ridge and Valley of southeast Tennessee, separated from B. brevicauda …

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Shout With The Largest Mob : Toward A Model For Primitive Communication In Mobile Automata, Rebecca A. Weber Apr 1999

Shout With The Largest Mob : Toward A Model For Primitive Communication In Mobile Automata, Rebecca A. Weber

Honors Theses

We consider the problem of simulating communication between independent, autonomous agents, or machines, using only local rules with no global control over the agents' behavior. First, we construct an algorithm by which the machines will avoid collisions with each other and with boundaries or obstacles. Noting that collision avoidance alone will not result in higher-level behavior, and with the goal of creating agents which would self-organize, we begin to develop a signalling system by which agents can communicate. This leads to a new method for modeling agent motion in the plane. Throughout, we are motivated by possible linkages between our …

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Pressure Dependence Of The Metal-Insulator Transition In Fesi1-Xa1x, Brian Perone Apr 1999

Pressure Dependence Of The Metal-Insulator Transition In Fesi1-Xa1x, Brian Perone

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Novel Precursors For Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Copper Metal, Zuzanna T. Cygan Apr 1999

Novel Precursors For Chemical Vapor Deposition Of Copper Metal, Zuzanna T. Cygan

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Synthesis Of A Novel ??-Amino Acid Capable Of Stabilizing A 310-Helix Via Side-Chain Salt-Bridging, Reema K. Thalji Apr 1999

Synthesis Of A Novel ??-Amino Acid Capable Of Stabilizing A 310-Helix Via Side-Chain Salt-Bridging, Reema K. Thalji

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Issues In Automated Distribution Of Processes Over The Networks, Alexey Morozov Jan 1999

Issues In Automated Distribution Of Processes Over The Networks, Alexey Morozov

Honors Theses

The main goal of this paper is t o survey the issues an application developer would have to resolve in producing a system that would be able to spread its computational load across several computers connected by a network. Before this can be done, a brief introduction to distributed and parallel computing is necessary.

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Method For Identification Of Origins Of Replication And Genes Regulated By Dnaa In Bacteria, Olga G. Troyanskaya Jan 1999

Method For Identification Of Origins Of Replication And Genes Regulated By Dnaa In Bacteria, Olga G. Troyanskaya

Honors Theses

The study is focused on developing computer programs to identify origin of DNA replication based on analysis of total bacterial genomes, scoring regions for number of DnaA binding sites, AT content, DNA adenine methylase boxes, and integration host factors binding sites. The programs were tested on cyanobacterium Synechocystis, and several potential origins were identified. However, no one definite region could be located. Currently, software is being developed to analyze common motifs around the origins of all bacteria with known origins. Genes whose transcription could be regulated by DnaA were identified by searching for DnaA boxes preceding promoter regions.

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Dinetic And Mechanistic Investigations Of Photocatalysis : Photoreactions Of Cr(Co)6 With Alkenes, Aaron E. Dietrich Jun 1998

Dinetic And Mechanistic Investigations Of Photocatalysis : Photoreactions Of Cr(Co)6 With Alkenes, Aaron E. Dietrich

Honors Theses

Flash photolysis has proven to be an effective technique for determining reaction mechanisms. Upon photolysis, a CO ligand is removed from Cr(CO)6 forming the reactive molecular fragment Cr(C0)5. In the presence of alkene, L, Cr(CO)s can react to form the meta-stable intermediate Cr(C0)5L. At high L concentrations, Cr(CO)5L decays by pseudo-first-order kinetics with an observed rate constant, kobs, which is dependent on the concentration of both L and added CO. The exar.t nature of the dependence provides insight into the mechanism of the decay of Cr(C0)5L and a plot of 1/kobs vs. [L] will give the rate constants for both …

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Studies Directed Toward The Enantioselective Addition Of Reformatsky Reagents To Aldimines, Lamyaa Hassib Jun 1998

Studies Directed Toward The Enantioselective Addition Of Reformatsky Reagents To Aldimines, Lamyaa Hassib

Honors Theses

Interest in β-amino esters and β-lactams has grown significantly due to their applications in the synthesis of compounds of pharmaceutical interest. Examples include β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillin and carbapenem families. Because β-lactams and β-amino esters share a common pathway, methods to prepare either are often contaminated and thus complicated by the formation of the other. We have developed convenient and highly controllable method which can afford either product cleanly.

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Studies Directed Toward The Enantioselective Addition Of Reformatsky Reagents To Aldimines, Lamyaa Hassib Jun 1998

Studies Directed Toward The Enantioselective Addition Of Reformatsky Reagents To Aldimines, Lamyaa Hassib

Honors Theses

Interest in β-amino esters and β-lactams has grown significantly due to their applications in the synthesis of compounds of pharmaceutical interest. Examples include β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillin and carbapenem families. Because β-lactams and β-amino esters share a common pathway, methods to prepare either are often contaminated and thus complicated by the formation of the other. We have developed convenient and highly controllable method which can afford either product cleanly.

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The Two-Dimensional Ising Model: Mean-Field And Monte Carlo Results For Equilibrium And Nonequilibrium Transitions, Kevin Scott Brown May 1998

The Two-Dimensional Ising Model: Mean-Field And Monte Carlo Results For Equilibrium And Nonequilibrium Transitions, Kevin Scott Brown

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Exact Real Computational Arithmetic Via Infinite Composition Of Mobiüs Transformations As Presented By Dr. Peter John Potts, Et Al., David Michael Robertson May 1998

Exact Real Computational Arithmetic Via Infinite Composition Of Mobiüs Transformations As Presented By Dr. Peter John Potts, Et Al., David Michael Robertson

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

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Molecular Design And Association Constants Of Nizatidine-Guest Complexes, Elizabeth Corbeil May 1998

Molecular Design And Association Constants Of Nizatidine-Guest Complexes, Elizabeth Corbeil

Honors Theses

Nizatidine, N-[2-[[[2-[(dimethylamino)metbyl]-4-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-N'methyl- 2-nitro-l,l-ethenediamine (Axid"), has been investigated for its potential to act as a host in guest-host complexes. Nizatidine binds with the guests through hydrogen bonding and pi-pi interactions. Guest-host studies were conducted using fluorescence quenching, calorimetry, NMR and invisible experiments. The lowest energy conformation of nizatidine is found to be U-shaped through theoretical calculations. Fluorescence experiments indicated that tryptophan and pyridoxine had large association constants. Further studies using calorimetry and NMR techniques concluded that no complexation had occurred. Complexation experiments have been done to find guests that complex with nizatidine. Caffeine, luminol, nicotinamide, phenylalanine, pyridoxine, pyrogallol, and tryptophan were …

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