Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Synthesis And Reactions Of Diazoketones, William H. Thielking

Honors Theses

The object of the present research, to extend the previous work to an aliphatic system by replacing the aromatic ring by one or more alkyl groups. Specifically, it is the object of this work to effect the closure of the ring compound from its respective diazoketone.

Inter- And Intra-Molecular Alkylbenzene Rearrangements With Aluminum Chloride Catalyst Using C14 Proportional Counting Of Vapor Phase Chromatographic Effluents, Robert Donald Farina

Honors Theses

End products were examined from six reactions between o-xylene and carbon-14 ring labeled toluene using an excess of aluminum chloride catalyst. The reactions were carried out at different temperatures and for periods of varying duration in order to observe the effects of temperature and heating time on the product mixtures.

The Synthesis And Analysis Of Kau(Cn)4.3/2 H2o And Its Proposed Separation From Kau(Cn)2.2h2o, George Edgar Hartwell

Honors Theses

The increasing use of radioactive tracers in chemistry has lead to many investigations of the rate of exchange between two different oxidation states of a single element in solution. These studies lead to a more basic understanding of the structure of certain ions and their chemical reactions. Other methods of identification open for investigation include polarography and the use of conductance measurements, since the equivalence conductances differ significantly.

Studies In Photoexcited Ketone Systems, Robert Michele Heimlich

Honors Theses

The photochemical reduction of benzophenone to benzopinacol has been known since the early part of this century when it was first discovered by Ciamician and Silber (4). The reaction is used today as a convenient preparation of benzopinacol. Benzophenone dissolved in isopropyl alcohol is placed in bright sun light and allowed to stand. After several hours the first crystals of benzopinacol begin to separate and within a few days the reaction is complete (13). The reaction proceeds through a photoexcited state of benzophenone. The excited intermediate abstracts hydrogen from the solvent (isopropyl alcohol) to form the diphenylhydroxymethyl radical and a …

Electromigration In A Cation Exchange Resin, Barton Stephen Solomon

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research was to investigate the phenomenon of electromigration of ions in a cation exchange resin. When a potential is applied across a solution of ions in series with an ion exchange resin column, the cations will migrate through the resin column, the cations will migrate through the resin toward the cathode and the anions will migrate toward the anode. The cations as they migrate through the resign should form bands because of their different ionic mobilities and their different exchange rates on the resin. The object of these experiments was to design and build the apparatus …

Catalyzed Reactions Of Organosiliconhydrides With Α, Β Unsaturated Ketones, Robert P. Desieno

Honors Theses

The addition of organosiliconhydrides to olefins has been of laboratory and industrial importance for twenty-five years. Literally hundreds of examples may be cited describing reactions of organosilicon­hydrides with a wide spectrum of olefinic compounds. These reactions have been conducted in either the catalyzed or uncatalyzed state. While the reactions may be forced under the influence of heat and pressure, they are more economically and practically carried out in the presence of catalysts. Catalysts encompass a wide variety of materials including peroxides, tertiary bases, metals, metal salts, U.V light, and gamma radiation.

Synthesis Of Hemimellitine, James Jacob Nigriny

Honors Theses

The purpose of this work is the synthesis of hemimellitine or 1, 2, 3 - trimethyl benzene. After library research (done mostly by John Peeling, Union '61) and with the assistance of Dr. Howard Sheffer, two pathways to hemimellitine were devised. Throughout the course of this project the lack of known compounds with which to compare intermediate products has presented difficulties in the identification of the intermediate products. However, the procedure followed here, i.e. using two different pathways to the same and product with some intermediates the same in both, has enabled us to compare the similar intermediates for identification …

Preparation Of 1, 2, 3-Trimethylbenzene, John Horace Peeling

Honors Theses

The purpose of this project is the synthesis 1, 2, 3-trimethylbenzene or hemimellitene as an intermediate for further research. The synthesis was carried out using two different approaches.

Phase Diagram Of The Solid-Liquid System 1-Methylnaphthalene--2-Methylnaphthalene, Michael Allan Schroeder

Honors Theses

The subject of this paper is the freezing point-composition diagram of the system 1-methylnapthalene--2-methylnaphthalene. The reason for writing this paper was that it was felt the resulting phase diagram might be of use in the separation of mixtures of the two components, since they frequently occur together in petrolem, and the preparation of 2-methylnapthalene by Friedel-Crafts alkylation also results in the formation of some l-methylnaphthalene. Also, it was felt that it would be of interest to determine the phase diagram for a system of two compounds as similar as these.

Experiments In General Chemistry, John Howard Adams

Honors Theses

The investigations described here in are concerned with several problems. The original investigation dealt with a common qualitative test for the presence of cobalt ion. The test involves the use of alcoholic ammonium thiocyanate which results in the formation of the unstable blue complexion Co(SCN)4.

The Detection Of Pesticide Residues In Water Supplies, David Lee Barry

Honors Theses

The use of organic chemicals as pesticides has increased greatly in recent years and continues to do so, since these pesticides offer advantages of greater effectiveness, more selectivity, and lower toxicity to mammals, than the previously used inorganic pesticides, such as arsenic compounds. The problem of pollution of water supplies by these pesticides becomes more important with this increasing usage, and with the increasing pressures on our water resources. Pesticides may find their way into water supplies by various means, such as runoff of rain water from crop land or other pesticide-treated land, direct application to bodies of water, for …

Synthesis And Analyses Of Kau(Cn)4, Henry K. Lutz

Honors Theses

In recent years many investigators have sought to measure the rate of exchange between two different oxidation states of an element in aqueous solution. The results of such studies often lead to a clearer understanding of the intermediate steps of the chemical reactions of ions of elements. Sunce much of the chemistry of gold is insufficiently understoof, it seems desireable to look for a measurable rate of exchange between the various oxidation states of this element.

Determination Of Pesticide Residues In Water, Jerry Lee Thurston

Honors Theses

To find a rapid qualitative test to detect organic pesticides in water, the following method is proposed: 1. Extraction of the pesticide from water by use of an organic solvent 2. Use of gas chromatography with a collection to separate the pesticide from other substances soluble in the solvent 3. Use of an infrared spectrum for identification of the pesticide.

Polarographic Investigation Of An Unusual Contaminant In Trichlorobiphenyl, Henry Michael Stahr

Honors Theses

An interest in polarography of organic compounds developed because of the need for an instrumental technique to determine unstable chlorine compounds in askarels used in the electrical industry for dielectric fluids. A chance contamination of trichlorobiphenyl used to impregnate capacitors caused the electrical industry untimely failures in their devices in 1956. These compounds break down under the influence of heat and electrical stress to form a buildup of conducting species which ultimately cause capacitors to fail. (1) Several test methods have been developed,( 2) all of which involve anionic hydrolysis of the unstable compounds and a potentiometric titration of the …

Potentiometric Titrations Of Metal Ions With Edta, Donald Theodore Carlson

Honors Theses

Ethylenediaminetetracetic acid, known commonly as EDTA and commercially as Versene, Trilon B, Sequestrene, and Complexone II, III, and IV; was first produced in 1936 by the I.G. Farbenindustrie. EDTA reacts chemically as a ligand. That is, it forms a complex by occupying two or more coordination prositions of the atom it reacts with. The resulting complex is called a chelate, which stems from the Greek word for clas. EDTA acts as a sequestering agent by forming stable, water-soluble chelates with metal ions.

The Determination Of The Cross-Sectional Area Of A Stearic Acid Molecule, Michael Stacey Dryer

Honors Theses

The fundamental relationship determining the area per molecule is: A = SM/ (g/c x v x N) A = area per molecule. S = area occupied by the monolayer. M = molecular weight. g = grams of stearic acid in volume c. c = volume of solution. v = aliquot of c delivered to the surface. N = Avogadro’s Number. Each of the terms in the above equation will be discussed in detail below.

Further Studies On Zirconia Gels, James Emmons Anderson

Honors Theses

When solutions of zirconium oxychloride and sodium acetate are mixed at room temperature (25°c.), a grey-white hydrogel of zirconia is formed. This gel structure gradually weakens on standing, and finally becomes a water-clear sol. Heating this sol to 6o°c. will form a similar gel, stable at this temperature, which will reliquefy on cooling to 25°c. The gelation-reliquefaction cycle can apparently be carried out indefinitely. Such behavior is in direct contrast to normal gelation. The so-called “irreversible gels”, such as those of silicic acid, show stability at all temperatures; while other “reversible gels”, such as common gelatin, set at lower temperatures …

Liquid-Vapor Equilibria In The System: Isopropyl Alcohol-Dibromomethane, John Henry Nickles

Honors Theses

The purpose of this research project was to determine more closely the liquid vapor equilibrium curve and the boiling point and composition of the azeotrope formed in the system isopropyl alcohol - dibromomethane. This system is reported in Horsley's book from Lecat as forming an azeotrope at a bioling point less than 81.0 degrees Celsius. Both components have boiling points of less than 100 degrees Celsius and their refractive indices are well separated, thus making investigation with fairly simple, but accurate apparatus possible.

The Alkylation Of Phenol, William Raymond Stine

Honors Theses

Attention was focused on the formation of the various isomers of butyl phenol.

Investigations For A Rapid Qualitative Method For The Detection Of Organic Herbicides, Robert Albert Jung

Honors Theses

The present study is undertaken in an attempt to find a rapid qualitative or semi-quantitative method for the detection of organic herbicides in water.

Voltammetry With A Mercury Pool Cathode, David Peter Stricos

Honors Theses

Voltarnmetry with a mercury pool cathode has been examined using both slow and rapid scanning techniques. A conventional polarograph was used to interpret the slow scans, and a cathode ray polarograph for the rapid scans. A description of the necessary apparatus is given as well as the experimental details involved.

Three different supporting media were studied: 0.01 molar potassium nitrate, 0.1 molar potassium acid phthalate, and 0.1 molar ammonia-0.1 molar ammonium chloride. Well defined peaks were observed for lead, cadmium, and zinc in potassium nitrate. Indium also gave a peak, but it was not characteristic of a three-electron reduction. Furthermore, …

Determination Of Arsenic In Fish By Neutron Activation Analysis, William Walter Ullmann

Honors Theses

The use of arsenicals to control aquatic vegetation has become widespread. A study was conducted to determine possible uptake of arsenic by fish in treated waters. Present methods for the analysis of arsenic (1,2) are reliable when applied to water and bottom samples which contain relatively small concentrations of organic matter. In the presence of larger concentrations, arsenic is lost during digestion. Recoveries of from 40-60 per cent were obtained when the method for the analysis of arsenic in food (2) was applied to fish flesh.

A Study Of The Volume Change During The Setting Of Silicic Acid Gel, Richard Joseph Miller

Honors Theses

An investigation of the volume change during the setting of silicic acid gel was made using a precision mercury dilatometer. The effects of varying the silicate and acid concentrations were studies. The heat of neutralization of the acetic acid and sodium silicate was compensated for to prevent any heat expansion in the gel. Also discussed are the theories of the setting of the gel.

Microscopic Radial Lines In Gels, Robert Peter Frosch

Honors Theses

There are many interesting formations which may be prepared in gels. Probably the best known are Liesegang rings, first prepared in the latter nineteenth century and observed previously in such naturally occurring materials as agate. Besides rings periodic radial structures have been observed in gelatin. Some of these radial formations are visible to the naked eye; others may be observed only under a microscope. It is one of the radial formations of the layer type which will be discussed in this paper. For want of a better name the formation to be discussed will simply be referred to as radial …

The Photogalvanic Effect, George Henry Hofmann

Honors Theses

The photogalvantic effect has been studied by relatively few people. Perhaps the largest contribution to the study of this effect has been by E. Rabinowitch while the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and terminated in 1940. At this time Rabinowitch indicated the possibilities in the utilization of solar energy by the photogalvantic effect (1). Presented here is a study of the effect using a modified form of the apparatus used by Rabinowitch. An attempt is made at explaining the results obtained, the advantages and disadvantages of the apparatus used and suggestions are given for improvement. A specific photogalvantic system of high …

Light Scattering By Silicic Acid Gel-Forming Mixtures, Bruce Monroe Manzer

Honors Theses

In this investigation the scattering of light by silicic acid gel-forming mixtures has been studied during the process of gel formation in an effort to extend the work already done on their structure and the mechanism of gel formation. The intensity of the scattered light has been measured by means of Fisher Nefluoro-photometer and an attempt has been made to use the results in explaining the change which the gel-forming mixtures undergo during gel formation.

Studies Of Reductions Of Unsaturated Compounds With Lithium Aluminum Hydride, Robert William Barito

Honors Theses

Our work has involved the reduction of certain alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyl compounds and the reduction of two compounds that did not contain alpha-beta unsaturated carbonyls.

Paper Chromatography Of The Dicarboxylic Acids And The Polyhydric Alcohols, Albert Esposito

Honors Theses

The objective of this work was to develop a paper chromato­graphic technique applicable to the separation and identification of the dicarboxylic acids and the polyhydric alcohols.

A Study Of Aluminum Phosphates Using Infrared Spectroscopy, Michael Miller

Honors Theses

The infrared spectra of aluminum metaphosphate, aluminum pyrophosphate, and the ortho acid phosphates were studies in the 2u to 15u region. The distinct absorption regions of each compound were located. The type of bond which caused the absorption is suggested. The spectra of the aluminum phosphates were found to be very similar to the spectra of other phosphates.

Investigation In The Use Of Infrared Absorption Spectrophotometry, Richard Henry Murcott

Honors Theses

Three rather unrelated projects in infrared spectrophotometry were carried out by the writer. First, some effort was expended in trying to find cell windows which were suitably transparent to infrared radiation and yet water insoluable. Secondly, B, the effects of dilution on certain w-lactams was investigated to check for hydrogen bonding effects on their spectra. Thirdly, C, some trial investigations were made using a silver chloride polarizer unit recently acquired for use with the Perkin-Elmer Model 21 spectrophotometer.