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Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
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- Simulation (131)
- Virtual reality (41)
- Genetic algorithm (40)
- Numerical simulation (40)
- Path planning (36)
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- Modeling and simulation (34)
- Particle swarm optimization (34)
- Deep learning (33)
- Modeling (33)
- Multi-objective optimization (28)
- Fault diagnosis (27)
- Digital twin (25)
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- Reinforcement learning (22)
- System simulation (22)
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- Visualization (21)
- Optimization (19)
- System dynamics (19)
- Virtual simulation (18)
- Complex network (17)
- Traffic simulation (17)
- Permanent magnet synchronous motor (16)
- UAV (16)
- Unity3D (16)
- Energy consumption (15)
- Support vector machine (15)
- Collision detection (14)
- Deep reinforcement learning (14)
- Parameter identification (14)
- Publication Year
Articles 2851 - 2880 of 3363
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Modeling And Realization Of Acoustic Signal Separation Simulation System Based On Systemvue, Xiaorong Tong
Modeling And Realization Of Acoustic Signal Separation Simulation System Based On Systemvue, Xiaorong Tong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Aiming at the practical requirements of blind separation process of acoustic signals, a modeling method of acoustic signals separation simulation system based on SystemVue simulation platform is proposed according to specific mode of signal separation and acoustic sensor network layout in the practical work. It provides a novel signal separation algorithm based on signal single source detection which is the improvement of FastICA algorithm. It also can obtain the source acoustic signals without the information of signal source numbers. The SystemVue software is used to model the net of acoustic sensors, and the target simulation information is generated at …
Variable Scale Point Cloud Registration Algorithm, Shuifa Sun, Zhun Li, Kun Xia, Yunfei Shi, Jiquan Yang, Fangmin Dong
Variable Scale Point Cloud Registration Algorithm, Shuifa Sun, Zhun Li, Kun Xia, Yunfei Shi, Jiquan Yang, Fangmin Dong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To address the low registration accuracy issue caused by scale mismatch of two point clouds, a multi-scale point cloud registration algorithm is proposed based on the distance ratio invariance of the geometric center of gravity and centroid. The point cloud is firstly filtered. Then, the scale ratio calculation model of the point cloud data is established by computing the point cloud’s gravity center and centroid. Finally, according to the relationship between the registration error and the scale true value, the scale factor is refined step by step with ICP algorithm. For the noise and the inconsistent point in the …
Research On 3d Immersive Underground Laboratory Visualization System, Jiaxin Hou, Yadong Wu, Yangjie Xu, Xuejun Li, Wang Song, Dongzhou Du, Xiaorong Zhang
Research On 3d Immersive Underground Laboratory Visualization System, Jiaxin Hou, Yadong Wu, Yangjie Xu, Xuejun Li, Wang Song, Dongzhou Du, Xiaorong Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste is the only internationally recognized and feasible method. The construction of underground laboratories is a complex engineering. To improve the intuitiveness and accuracy of comprehensive data analysis, an immersive underground laboratory 3D data visualization system is constructed. The system includes surface scenes, scene models with laboratory lanes and bedrooms, and designs scene roaming and visual interactive interaction of 3D data. The practical application shows that this system can not only facilitate the rapid construction and evaluation of underground laboratory design schemes, but also provide scientific basis for rapid decision-making of engineering construction …
Design And Realization Of Behavior Tree In Weapon Equipment Virtual Maintenance Training System, Wensheng Xu, Wu Bo, Jianhong Jiang
Design And Realization Of Behavior Tree In Weapon Equipment Virtual Maintenance Training System, Wensheng Xu, Wu Bo, Jianhong Jiang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To solve the problem of long development period of virtual maintenance training system for complicated weapon equipment, the 3D modeling, the behavior modeling and the decision modeling of virtual maintenance were studied. The behavior trees design model was applied to analyze, design and develop the system which was tested in the maintenance case of marching tensioning device of a certain weapon equipment. The scripting unit and the running efficiency of the behavior trees model in the case were tested. The test results showed that this design method with behavior tree model has better scalability and model description clarity, and …
Video Action Recognition Based On Key-Frame, Mingxiao Li, Qichuan Geng, Mo Hong, Wu Wei, Zhou Zhong
Video Action Recognition Based On Key-Frame, Mingxiao Li, Qichuan Geng, Mo Hong, Wu Wei, Zhou Zhong
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Video action recognition is an important part of intelligent video analysis. In recent years, deep learning methods, especially the two-stream convolutional neural network achieved the state-of-the-art performance. However, most methods simply use uniform sampling to get frames, which may cause the loss of information in sampling interval. We propose a segmentation method and a key-frame extraction method for video action recognition, and combine them with a multi-temporal-scale two-stream network. Our framework achieves a 94.2% accuracy at UCF101 split1, which is the same as the state-of-the-art method’s performance.
Research Of Nonlinear Time Series Prediction Method For Motion Capture, Tianyu Huang, Yunying Guo
Research Of Nonlinear Time Series Prediction Method For Motion Capture, Tianyu Huang, Yunying Guo
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In this paper, we study the nonlinear time series prediction method for action capture. A prediction method based on the capture data is studied and implemented by analyzing human motion data to solve the data loss and correction problem caused by sensor failure. Based on this research purpose, the simulation experiment assumes that a sensor in the sequence of actions fails, then uses eight kinds of machine learning methods, and evaluates them with six indexes. The prediction results of different methods are compared and the predicted motions are visualized. Through the experiments, data prediction accuracy by random forest, decision …
Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun
Progress And Challenge On Military System Analysis And Modeling, Mingzhi Zhang, Peng Jun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the data of openly published related research papers from 2001 to September 2016, the research progresses on military system analysis and modeling were summarized. The concerning theory and method, research contents, annual developing stage, researchers and institutes, and related journals were analyzed, which contributed to making a knowledge map of the area. A series of challenging issues in the research area was discussed to prompt further research on military system analysis and modeling.
Message Passing Algorithm Through Particles On Factor Graph In Cooperative Positioning Network, Xinyue Fan, Wang Guan, Zhou Fei
Message Passing Algorithm Through Particles On Factor Graph In Cooperative Positioning Network, Xinyue Fan, Wang Guan, Zhou Fei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Combining the sum-product algorithm with the factor graph can achieve cooperative positioning by a distributed manner. The sum-product algorithm is a message passing algorithm. However, the parameter method cannot meet the positioning needs because of the large error in the non-linear non-Gaussian environment. Therefore, this paper presents an algorithm to achieve message passing in the form of particle. The calculation of the message in the factor consists of summation and quadrature processes. The proposed method obtains the sum of messages by importance sampling, obtains the product of messages using Gibbs sampling. Particle-based information passing algorithm can simplify the complex …
Model Of Target Assignment In Joint Fire Strike Operations, Chen Hui, Yaping Ma
Model Of Target Assignment In Joint Fire Strike Operations, Chen Hui, Yaping Ma
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The assignment of firepower resources in combination to the target is one of the key problems in planning work of joint fire strike operations. According to the characteristics of joint fire strike target assignment problem, and synthetically considering the factors such as strike sequence, damage grade, threats, cost-effectiveness, damage, a multi-objective optimization model of target assignment problem is established. By combining the MOEA/D and the multi-level co-evolutionary framework, a multi-objective optimization model is proposed to solve the target assignment based on the multi-level cooperative MOEA/D algorithm, and the related genetic evolution mechanism is designed. The simulation …
Review Of 3d Facial Expression Acquisition And Modeling Technology, Wang Shan, Xukun Shen, Qinping Zhao
Review Of 3d Facial Expression Acquisition And Modeling Technology, Wang Shan, Xukun Shen, Qinping Zhao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Face is an important biological feature of human. High-fidelity 3D face construction is widely applied and has attracted the attention of researchers for a long time. Now the mature 3D model acquisition still depends on the expensive hardware and controlled lighting environment in the lab. However, academic focus has gradually transformed to researches based on daily living environment and low cost equipment. According to the source of input data, the existing works are divided into two categories: works under controlled environment and uncontrolled environment. Methods are summarized and classified based on the categories. Existing problems and future research directions …
Modeling On Information Exchange Behavior In Emergency Evacuation, Tianlu Mao, Xiangjun He, Yingfan Huang, Jiang Hao
Modeling On Information Exchange Behavior In Emergency Evacuation, Tianlu Mao, Xiangjun He, Yingfan Huang, Jiang Hao
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A method for modeling the information exchange behavior in an emergent crowd evacuation is proposed in this paper. It describes several aspects of information exchange in dynamic environments, includes contents, characteristics and ways of exchange. The influence model of know information on evacuation decision is built by cost evaluation and path planning. Combined with the existing crowd locomotion model, our method could model and simulate crowd evacuation in emergent situation. Realistic results with dynamic information exchanges and dynamic behavioral decision of crowds are given. The simulation results have a high coincidence degree with the real person experiments.
Three-Dimensional Imaging Modeling And Simulation Of Ships Based On Wide-Band Monopulse Radar, Guijie Diao, Xiaojian Xu, Ni Hong, Junjie Lu
Three-Dimensional Imaging Modeling And Simulation Of Ships Based On Wide-Band Monopulse Radar, Guijie Diao, Xiaojian Xu, Ni Hong, Junjie Lu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A three-dimensional imaging model for ship target on sea surface is developed based on wide-band monopulse radar system and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system. The time-varying electromagnetic (EM) scattering of ships is calculated according to the SAR geometry and the monopulse antenna model. The signal received by every antenna element is obtained, and then, the time-domain signals in the sum, azimuth and elevation difference channels are established. Through analyzing the three-dimensional image results in different grazing angles, the model validity is demonstrated.
Rgbd Image Co-Segmentation Via Saliency Detection And Graph Cut, Xiaoyang Li, Lili Wan, Henan Li, Shenghui Wang
Rgbd Image Co-Segmentation Via Saliency Detection And Graph Cut, Xiaoyang Li, Lili Wan, Henan Li, Shenghui Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to accurately segment images with similar colors in the foreground, we propose a RGBD image co-segmentation algorithm that utilizes saliency detection and graph cut. Our algorithm not only achieves the co-segmentation of multiple images, but also uses depth data to solve the foreground and background confusion problem caused by color similarity. Depth is incorporated into a superpixel segmentation algorithm to change each RGBD image into a set of superpixel blocks. A graph model of superpixels is constructed and saliency detection is used to extend the seed nodes area. The …
Physically-Based Interactive Virtual Clothing Animation Simulation, Shi Min, Junzheng Wang, Tianlu Mao, Yaning Liu
Physically-Based Interactive Virtual Clothing Animation Simulation, Shi Min, Junzheng Wang, Tianlu Mao, Yaning Liu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Realistic effective clothing animation simulation involves many factors, including the lifelike animation rendering, stable animation modeling, interaction control of the adjustable parameter and so on. An interactive clothing animation method based on physics is studied. According to the content feature of model and animation resources, we design an effective way of storage and provide the interface to adjust the parameters interactively. We build implicit constraint dynamics system, accelerated collision detection and the constrained optimization calculation model, and calculate clothing animation. The simulation based on Unity 3D engine is rendered to present garment animation simulation effect under different virtual light. …
Research On Software Reliability Based On Test Effort And Imperfect Debugging, Aizhen Wang, Lü Xun
Research On Software Reliability Based On Test Effort And Imperfect Debugging, Aizhen Wang, Lü Xun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To further improve the fitting performance of the software reliability models, imperfect debugging and test effort were considered in the progress of establishing the model of software reliability. The best performance test effort function was selected from some kinds of existing S-type functions through the method of simulation. The influences of test effort were considered in the software reliability model with imperfect debugging. The new model was established. Two groups of public data were used to verify the ability of the new model. The test results showed that the software reliability growth model considering test effort under imperfect …
Research On Augmented Reality Method Based On Unmarked Recognition, Li Qian, Shangbing Gao, Zhigeng Pan, Zhengwei Zhang, Chenghua Fang, Shengquan Wang
Research On Augmented Reality Method Based On Unmarked Recognition, Li Qian, Shangbing Gao, Zhigeng Pan, Zhengwei Zhang, Chenghua Fang, Shengquan Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: As a kind of technology of superposing the virtual objects upon reality scene, AR (Augment Reality) expands the information quantity of the actual scene by virtual information. Aiming at the deficiency of previous AR application methods, the AR application method of unmarked recognition based on the optimized filtering was proposed in this paper. In this algorithm, filtering was used for image preprocessing to solve the poor matching efficiency problems of the past recognition algorithms, then three-dimensional model was established in two-dimensional images and the model was rendered in the two-dimensional plane. The experimental results show that, compared with …
Virtual Vascular Stent Implantation Model Based On Fbs, Chenxi Huang, Yongtao Hao, Haowei Xing, Chen Fei
Virtual Vascular Stent Implantation Model Based On Fbs, Chenxi Huang, Yongtao Hao, Haowei Xing, Chen Fei
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Vascular stent intervention can expand the narrow coronary artery. Doctors analyze the patient's two-dimensional vascular images based on experience and select the stent. In this paper, vascular stent implantation is modeled and analyzed by Function-Behavior-Structure. The stent model is established by virtual reality modeling language and the stent implantation process is simulated. By combining FBS product design method with the virtual reality interaction technology, the virtual stent selection and implantation are adjusted until getting the best result. The prototype system can establish a personalized implantation model. The stent is selected accurately based on the specificity of patient's …
Research On Modeling And Simulation Of Ac/Dc Hybrid Power Distribution System, Ye Peng, Li Shan, Sun Feng, Han Yue, Zhang Tao, Jiajue Li
Research On Modeling And Simulation Of Ac/Dc Hybrid Power Distribution System, Ye Peng, Li Shan, Sun Feng, Han Yue, Zhang Tao, Jiajue Li
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: As DC loads and power supply are more and more applications in the grid, AC/DC power distribution system is the future development trend of the low voltage power grid. The modeling and simulation of AC/DC hybrid power distribution system are studied in this paper. Considering the power control, DC bus voltage control and DC power supply and load access, the hierarchical control model of voltage source converter for AC / DC hybrid distribution system and the control strategy of each layer are proposed, and on this basis, the mathematical model of each module is established. Based on PSCAD electromagnetic …
Development Of Interactive Simulation Of Dive And Underwater Operation Process Of Jiaolong, Xiaoxi Zhang, Yin Yong, Mincang Liang
Development Of Interactive Simulation Of Dive And Underwater Operation Process Of Jiaolong, Xiaoxi Zhang, Yin Yong, Mincang Liang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problems of difficult implementation and high safety risk in the practical training of deep submarine work at present, the simulation system of dive and underwater operation process of jiaolong is designed based on the virtual reality technology, which is not limited by time and place. The 3D modeling technology is used to construct the 3D model of the key structures such as the jiaolong and the mother ship. A mathematical model of A frame motion is established to simulate the motion process. Human-computer interaction and roaming are achieved by using 3D interactive technology, …
A 3d Tree Visualization Of Network Data Based On Webvr, Lin Ding, Guoxin Huang, Xu Ying
A 3d Tree Visualization Of Network Data Based On Webvr, Lin Ding, Guoxin Huang, Xu Ying
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A new method of three dimensional tree-style visualization of network data is proposed in this paper based on cluster computing, which maps the network structure of clustered data to hierarchical tree structure. The number of nodes of a community is treated as the weight to improve the PhylloTrees' phyllotactic layout algorithm and the 3D visualization of network data is implemented based on WebVR. Friendly interactive manipulations are achieved in the immersive VR scene such as rotation, zooming, pan, picking, and transparent fade / highlight enhancement of different displaying. The experimental results show that our method can show not only …
Deep Learning Method For Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images With Small Samples, Xiangbin Shi, Zhong Jian, Cuiwei Liu, Liu Fang, Deyuan Zhang
Deep Learning Method For Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Images With Small Samples, Xiangbin Shi, Zhong Jian, Cuiwei Liu, Liu Fang, Deyuan Zhang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: In order to solve the problem of large information dimension and fewer labeled training samples of hyperspectral remote sensing images, this paper proposes a hyperspectral remote sensing image classification framework HSI-CNN, which reduces the number of model parameters while maintaining the depth of neural network. Image pattern invariance and spectral channel contribution rate are analyzed, and the spectral redundancy information is reduced by principal component analysis. A full convolution neural network structure suitable for small sample hyperspectral remote sensing images is designed and the amount of network parameters is effectively reduced. Three kinds of HSI-CNN structures are proposed …
3d Wireframe Model Encryption Based On Chaos, Zhao Geng, Shuyun Zhu, Jin Xin, Xiaodong Li, Hongbo Sun, Zhili Xu, Yin Sui, Zhaohui Tian, Sun Nan
3d Wireframe Model Encryption Based On Chaos, Zhao Geng, Shuyun Zhu, Jin Xin, Xiaodong Li, Hongbo Sun, Zhili Xu, Yin Sui, Zhaohui Tian, Sun Nan
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: With the rapid growth of graphics data in the network environment, the security of graphics data has become a new challenge of network security that needs to be solved urgently. Encryption of 3D models is also urgent. In this paper, an encryption scheme for 3D wireframe model is proposed by using chaos mapping. The method is divided into two parts: confusion and diffuse. A random invertible matrix is generated by using logical mapping to spread the points. The side is scrambled by Arnold's cat map, then the encrypted vertices and polygons are combined to form the final encrypted 3D …
Modeling And Simulation Of Airport Flight Flow Based On Cellular Automaton, Hongying Zhang, Xuwei Yang, Luo Qian
Modeling And Simulation Of Airport Flight Flow Based On Cellular Automaton, Hongying Zhang, Xuwei Yang, Luo Qian
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: To increase the reliability of the airport scene traffic simulation model, the complex characteristics of scene traffic are researched. An improved model based on NS model is proposed. The influence of the stochastic factors on the taxiing process and the traffic characteristics at the intersection are considered, and the new cells are added to connect the two sections with different evolution rules. The state of the connected cells represents the occupancy of the next section. A large number of simulation experiments were processed, and the results show the goodness of fit between the simulation values and true ones increased …
Method Of Visualsimulation Of Rice Leaf Color, Hongyun Yang, Aizhen Sun, Wenji Yang, Huojiao He
Method Of Visualsimulation Of Rice Leaf Color, Hongyun Yang, Aizhen Sun, Wenji Yang, Huojiao He
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: A color rendering method for rice leaves based on SPAD data distribution image was presented. Rice leaf image was collected and SPAD value was measured by field rice sample test. The relationship model between SPAD values and RGB value of leaf image was analyzed and constructed, and the R2 was 0.932 8, 0.833 1, 0.562 3 respectively. This showed that there was a correlation between SPAD and the red and green color of the leaf image. By the SPAD data distribution image, the spatial distribution of SPAD value on the leaf surface is described. The leaf surface color …
Dynamic Covering Algorithm Of Node Based On Virtual Force In Wireless Sensor Networks, Zhou Fei, Jianjun Gao, Xinyue Fan, Kangning An
Dynamic Covering Algorithm Of Node Based On Virtual Force In Wireless Sensor Networks, Zhou Fei, Jianjun Gao, Xinyue Fan, Kangning An
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Network coverage and node power consumption are two main performance indicators in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although many of the existing coverage methods have improved the two indicators, most of them have only improved for one performance, and the merits of another performance have not been discussed in detail. For this insufficient, an improved algorithm based on VFA is proposed. The WSN is divided into unit grids. The nodes select the grid forces and other forces adaptively. Under the combined forces, the nodes are re-deployed and the dynamic coverage of WSN is further optimized, so that the WSN achieves …
Internet Public Opinion Dissemination Model With Triple Opinion Group Under Media Intervention, Di Lan, Yudi Gu
Internet Public Opinion Dissemination Model With Triple Opinion Group Under Media Intervention, Di Lan, Yudi Gu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: By constructing a dissemination model with a discussion of the Internet public opinion, the paper studies the inner rule of the public opinion evolution of the triple opinion group under the influence of the media. In reference to disease transmission model SIR(Susceptible, Infected, Recovered) and the two opinions model SIaIbR(Susceptible, Infected-a, Infected-b, Recovered), this paper presents a public opinion evolution model of the triple opinion group SI3R(Susceptible, triple Infected, Recovered). The SI3R model introduces the concept of neutral groups, and occupies a large proportion in the spread of the population. Through the influence of neutral …
Modeling And Co-Simulation Of Novel Electric Heave Compensation System, Zhang Qing, Xia Hua, Yang Ning, Xianrong Qin, Yuantao Sun
Modeling And Co-Simulation Of Novel Electric Heave Compensation System, Zhang Qing, Xia Hua, Yang Ning, Xianrong Qin, Yuantao Sun
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: This paper presents a novel large electric heave compensation system with gear and rack driving mechanism, as comparison to those traditional hydraulic heave compensation systems which have complex structure and poor compensation accuracy. The mechanical-mathematical model of this compensation system is analyzed. According to the control requirement of the heave absolute displacement compensation, the relationship between the input angle of the motor and the excitation of the vessel’s displacement is obtained through the motion equation of the system. A virtual prototype is built with ADAMS, and the dynamic behaviors are simulated in accordance with its configuration and working principle. …
Area And Centerline Distribution On Stealth Design Of S-Shaped Inlet, Le Zhang, Zhou Zhou, Xiaoping Xu
Area And Centerline Distribution On Stealth Design Of S-Shaped Inlet, Le Zhang, Zhou Zhou, Xiaoping Xu
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: Based on the conformal inlet’s size requirement of flying wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), s-shaped inlets are designed with super-ellipse equation, and they are also designed in three typical centerline and area distributions of “beginning fast and end slow”, “beginning and end the same”, and “beginning slow and end fast”. The numerical simulation is verified on electromagnetic scattering characteristics of the inlet with straight cavity based on multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM), and the stealth analysis is also carried out. And then the mechanism is analyzed combining with electric current distribution. Results indicate that with the inlet terminator open, …
Broadband 2-D Doa Estimation Based On Continuous Sparse Recovery, Chenxi Wu, Zhang Min, Keren Wang
Broadband 2-D Doa Estimation Based On Continuous Sparse Recovery, Chenxi Wu, Zhang Min, Keren Wang
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: For the problem of two dimensional underdetermined direction of arrival (2-D DOA) estimation, three parallel sparse arrays are designed and a novel DOA method based on continuous sparse recovery is proposed. The dimension of received data is reduced and the cross covariance matrix is vectorized to improve freedom degree. According to the objection function of the minimization issue based on total variation norm constraint, the space frequency is achieved by solving corresponding dual problem. The center frequency, azimuth and pitch angles are paired by capon method. Theoretical analysis shows the proposed method has a higher array aperture extension and …
Simulation And Analysis Of Atmospheric Effects On Height Deriving From Insar, Xintian Wang, Guowang Jin, Xiong Xin, Hongmin Zhang, Xu Qing
Simulation And Analysis Of Atmospheric Effects On Height Deriving From Insar, Xintian Wang, Guowang Jin, Xiong Xin, Hongmin Zhang, Xu Qing
Journal of System Simulation
Abstract: The atmospheric phase delay caused by tropospheric water vapor (WV) is an important factor to the precision of repeat-pass mode interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). To study the WV effect quantitatively, the regulation of WV effect in repeat-pass InSAR is analyzed and the simulation scheme is designed in which the DEM and WV model is used to simulate InSAR interferogram and WV delay phase, and the derived height is analyzed. The experiment is performed by using systems and baseline parameters of SAR images of Henan;WV effected interferogram is simulated using DEM and vertical layered WV model; and the derived …