Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Effects Of Temperature On The Toxicity Of Oil Refinery Waste, Sodium Chlorate, And Treated Sewage To Fathead Minnows, Curt C. Shifrer, E. Joe Middlebrooks, Donald B. Porcella, William F. Sigler

Reports

A literature review and experiments were conducted to determine the effects of temperature on the toxicity of three materials to fish (fathead minnows,

Hydrologic Model Studies Of The Mt. Olympus Cove Area Of Salt Lake County, J. Paul Riley, Vernon J. Rogers, George B. Shih

Reports

Urban development on any natural drainage basin causes marked changes in the runoff characteristics of the basin. Urbanization alters natural drainage channels and reduces average infiltration rates. Thus, flood conditions are enhanced both within the urbanizing area itself and at downstream locations, where existing channels might not be able to cope with the increased rates of water flow. The Olympus Cove area in Salt Lake County is undergoing rapid urban development, and potential flood hazards within the area and at downstream locations are thereby increasing. Recognizing this situation, officials of the Sale Lake County took the initiative in organizing an …

Water Resources Planning, Social Goals, And Indicators: Methodological Development And Empirical Test, Henry P. Caulfield

Reports

A methodology for comprehensive evaluation of water resources development and use (Techcom) has been developed and partially field tested. A model of societal goals consists of nine primary goals successively articualted into increasingly specific subgoals. Achievement of subgoals is perceived as affected by measurable social indicators whose values are perturbed by water resources actions. Linking the elements of the goals taxon by connectives result in an evaluation system. historical, political and philosophical considerations of the proposed system are discussed in Part I. Part II describes the results of the Rio Grande of New Mexico test including public perception and weighting …

Steady Flow Analysis Of Pipe Networks: An Instructional Manual, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Water Reuse Alternatives In Water Resources Planning, A. Bruce Bishop, William J. Grenney, Rengasan Narayanan, Stanley L. Klemetson

Reports

Water reuse is a recognized option for augmenting water supplies to provide for expanded water needs. A methodology is developed for examining optimal strategies for water reuse within the context of the total water resources system, including both the provision of water supplies for various uses and management of wastewaters. A model of the water resources system is formulated as a “transportation “ or “transshipment” problem in linear programming depicting the possible sources of supply, including effluent sources available for reuse, which can be used to satisfy the requirements of various water users. The optimizing objective in the model is …

Lower York River Dissolved Oxygen Study, Robert A. Jordan

Reports

Past studies of the lowerr York River have shown that dissolved oxygen (D .O.) concentrations decline in the summer months, occasionally falling one mg/ 1 near the bottom in deep water (Brehmer,1970; Jordan,1973) . Due to this apparently natural phenomenon the Virginia water quality standards for D.O. in estuaries (4.0 mg/1 allowable minimum, 5 .0 mg/1 minimum daily average, U.S.. E.P.A,1971), are not met during this period . Therefore additional waste-water discharges into the lower York River will not initiate violation of the standards, but may exacerbate the existing situation by extending the area and the time period affected by …

Report On Water Quality Data Evaluation And Program Design Services For The James And York Rivers In Conjunction With The "208" Planning Program For The Tidewater Region Of Virginia, Michael E. Bender, C. S. Fang, Bruce J. Neilson

Reports

The study area considered in this report includes the following: The James River from Fort Monroe to the mouth of the Chickahominy River (statute mile 45) including the small tributaries on the north shore but not the Chickahominy; the York River from its mouth to the confluence of the Mattaponi and Pamunkey at West Point (statute mile 33.5) including the small tributaries along the south shore; and the small drainage area adjacent to Chesapeake Bay lying between the York and James basins. The two rivers included in this basin are Poquoson River and Back River.

Shoreline Situation Report Northampton County, Virginia, William D. Athearn, Gary L. Anderson, Robert J. Byrne, Carl H. Hobbs Iii, John M. Zeigler

Reports

No abstract provided.

Shoreline Situation Report Newport News, Virginia, Carl H. Hobbs Iii, Gary L. Anderson, William D. Athearn, Robert J. Byrne, John M. Zeigler

Reports

No abstract provided.

Ecological Survey, Upper James River, Surry Nuclear Power Station Site, August 1974, M. Bender, R. Jordan, M. Ho, M. Cavell

Reports

In May of 1969 field surveys to characterize selected biological communities in the Hog Island area of the James River were begun. The objective of these surveys has been to determine if significant changes occurred in the species composition or population levels of certain communities which could be related to the operation of the nuclear power generation station. Although during the period of study, methods and stations have been changed to adjust the study to changing regulations, its basic character has remained. Communities studied have included benthos, zoo- and phytoplankton and fouling organisms.

Final Report On Environmental Effects Of The Second Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel Construction To Virginia Department Of Highways : Effects On Benthic Communities, Donald F. Boesch, David H. Rackley

Reports

A sampling program was undertaken from July 1973 to June 1974, to assess the effects of construction of the second Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel on the benthic communities in the vicinity. Macrobenthic animals (defined as those retained by a 1.0 mm mesh sieve) were quantitatively sampled along three transects perpendicular to the new tunnel and in and around the fill "borrow areas" nearby on Willoughby Bank and Sewell's Point Spit. The effects of construction practices on the benthic communities·was assessed through interpretation of faunal composition, sediment characteristics, and bottom profiles.

Coastal Data Acquisition, Compilation And Analysis, Virginia Beach Coastal Compartment, Southeastern Virginia : Quarterly Technical Status Report June 10, 1974 - Sept. 10, 1974, Victor Goldsmith

Reports

No abstract provided.

James River Sediment Study: Operation Agnes Final Report, John Lunz, Robert J. Huggett

Reports

Bottom sediment samples were collected from the James River in Virginia and analyzed to evaluate the effects of tropical storm Agnes (summer, 1972) upon the sediment chemistry . The results of these analyses, frcm hereon called "post Agnes data," were compared with data from a similar study carried out during the summer of 1971 ( "pre-Agnes data"), reported under contract no. DACW-65-71-C-00~7 .

The post Agnes samples encompass three distinct shoaling areas involving a total of 34. 75 nautical miles of the James River . The first area extending from mile 24. 75 to 33. 50 can be considered os …

A Report On The Concentration, Distribution And Impact Of Certain Trace Metals From Sewage Treatment Plants On The Chesapeake Bay, Robert J. Huggett, O. P. Brickner, G. R. Helz, S. E. Sommmer

Reports

Population densities are ever increasing on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay and hence the flow of goods and services is being shifted to supply these people. This self perpetuating system demanismore and more of the surrounding envirorunent f or recreation, work and waste disposal. This is the case f or the Chesapeake and its sub- estuaries.

According to Brush (1974), of the total fresh water input into the Chesapeake Bay, between 1 and 2 percent is treated sewage. Toxic components on these waters may be of paramount importance in the Bay ecosystem and ma;y have disastrous effects on the …

Segmentation Of Chesapeake Bay: A Representative Exercise, Robert E. Ulanowicz, Bruce J. Neilson

Reports

The goal of the CRC/RANN Waste Water Program is to provide the tools to management agencies which will enable them to make sound quantitative decisions on the siting of future sewage outfalls and the upgrading or elimination of existing sewage treatment plants. Obviously, the available funds do not permit extensive field studies at every possible outfall site. Therefore, some system is needed which will allow data to be transferred from one area to other areas within the Bay which have similar characteristics. A system of "segmentation"., as suggested by Dr. D. W. Pritchard, was chosen by the Scientific Management Advisory …

A Program To Monitor The Environmental Effects Of Shipyard Expansion : A Final Report, Robert J. Diaz, M. E. Bender

Reports

Dredging and land reclamation are two of the potentially most damaging activities that man undertakes in estuarine areas. Hampton Roads, the world's largest natural harbor, is a multiple use port, being a major center for fishing and shellfishing, transportation, recreation and industrial sitings. Dredging which is a necessary perpetuation for some of these activities, could be directly or indirectly detrimental to others. It is in such a multiple use situation that environmental alterations, real or potential, must be carefully planned and closely monitored. Projects of the type underway can cause changes in circulation, water depth, turbidity, and patterns qf siltation, …

Function Of Marshes In Reducing Eutrophication Of Estuaries Of The Middle Atlantic Region, D. M. Axelrad, M. E. Bender, K. A. Moore

Reports

Annual nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon budgets for two Virginia salt marshes were determined by monthly measurements of water discharge and constituent concentrations over tidal cycles.

Considering all three forms of phosphorus measured (total, dissolved organic and orthophosphate) there was a net loss from the estuary to the marshes. The data reveal a loss of particulate μhosphorus of estuarine origin to marsh sediments and mineralization of this phosphorus in the marshes with subsequent export of dissolved inorganic and organic phosphorus back to the estuary.

Nitrogen flux data show a loss of nitrate and nitrite to the marshes. Particulate nitrogen is imported …

On The Use Of Drift Bottle And Seabed Drifter Data In Coastal Management, Christopher S. Welch, John J. Norcross

Reports

The use of drift bottle and seabed drifter information for use in coastal management is discussed. The drift bottle/seabed drifter portion of VIMS project MACONS (Mid Atlantic Continental Shelf) is described as an example of how a comprehensive survey using drift bottles and seabed drifters provides data useful for coastal management. The data from MACONS are analyzed to answer specific questions of interest to several different coastal managers: a manager siting a deep oil port, one siting a sewage outfall, a manager responsible for setting up emergency beach protection procedures before an accident occurs, and a manager responsible for the …

Development Of The Turbidity Maximum In A Coastal Plain Estuary : Final Report, Maynard M. Nichols, Galen Thompson

Reports

A study of the turbidity maximum in the Rappahannock Estuary; Virginia was conducted to determine how high concentrations of suspended sediment accumulate to form a maximum.

Time-series observations of current velocity, salinity and suspended sediment over 8 to 18 tidal cycles reveal that the maximum forms in a convergence of bottom residual currents near the transition between fresh and salty water. Sediment supplied mainly by the river is transported into the convergence by density currents and accumulates since velocity is nearly zero and settling exceeds upward mixing.

The maximum forms in the middle estuary after freshet or flooding and shifts …

A Field Study Of Selected Ecological Properties Of Boca Ciega Bay And Adjacent Gulf Of Mexico, Geo-Marine, Inc.

Reports

This report describes a quantitative study of selected environmental parameters in a portion of Boca Ciega Bay and in the Gulf of Mexico adjacent to Johns Pass. The investigation included an analysis of hydrography and water quality during the period 14-20 February 1973. The objective of the study was to assess the present marine environment in order to judge the ecological feasibility of discharging tertiary treated sewage effluent into Boca Ciega Cay or secondary treated effluent into the Gulf of Mexico. The discharge would come from the proposed expansion of the South Cross Bayou sewage treatment plant.

Assessment Of The Potential Environmental Effects Of The Proposed Marina At York River State Park, Kenneth Marcellus, Gene M. Silberhorn, George M. Dawes

Reports

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Baffles On The Performance Of Anerobic Waste Stabilization Ponds, Stephen B. Nielson, E. Joe Middlebrooks, Donald B. Porcella

Reports

The performance of three baffled model ponds was monitored and compared to the performance of an unbaffled model pond utilizing four hydraulic and organic loading rates. All four ponds were operated simultaneously under the same environmental conditions using a synthetic wastewater.

Removal of organic carbon by the biological system in the different pond configurations only varied from 94-98 percent at the longest detention time (15 days); however, a considerable effect of the baffling was observed at the lower detention times. At a hydraulic detention time of 1.5 days the percent carbon removal was 53, 60, 62, and 70 percent for …

A Streamflow Simulation Model For A Semi-Arid Region, Adnan A. Saad, L. Douglas James

Reports

A streamflow simulation model which would reproduce the essential feature of the hydrologic regime of a semi-arid region, in this case Jordan, was developmed and described. The model is intended to fit conditions which exist in such a region. The hydrologic processes components which represent the evaporation and the base flow distinguish the Jordan model from others. Development of each function of the model and its constants was based on all the minimal amount of data available. one year of data was used to calibrate the model for Wadi Zerqa watershed. The model was then applied to simualte four years …

Computer Simulation Of The Hydrologic And Salinity Flow Systems Within The Bear River Basin, Robert W. Hill, Eugene K. Israelsen, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Accompanying the increased use of water resources is an increases accumulation of chemical pollutants. Te prevent degradation of the water resources beyong useful limits, pollution inputs from additional uses must be quite accurately predicted prior to implementation of the new use. The model described in this report was formulated to provide the required predictive capability for the Bear River Basin. Modeling concepts of the hydrologic system are based upon the development of basin relationships describing the hydrologic processes which are linked together by the countinuity-of-mass principle. The salinity flow system is then linked to the hydrologic system based on the …

Bibliography Of Latin American Agricultural Production And Development. Volume Ii: General Agricultural Planning, Background, And Statistical Studies, Allen Lebaron, Samuel Daines, Percy Aitken, Ruby Johnson, Angeles Ely

Reports

No abstract provided.

Modeling The Eutrophication Process: Workshop Proceedings, P. H. Mcgauhey, E. B. Welch, C. A. Rock, J. D. Krull, D. P. Larsen, H. T. Mercier, K. W. Malueg, D. D. Huff, J. F. Koonce, W. R. Ivarson, P. R. Weiler, E. H. Dettmann, R. F. Harris, G. D. Cooke

Reports

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Temperature On The Toxicity To The Aquatic Biota Of Waste Discharges - A Compilation Of The Literature, E. Joe Middlebrooks, M. J. Gaspar, R. D. Gaspar, J. H. Reynolds, Donald B. Porcella

Reports

An extensive compiliation and general evaluation of the literature is presented which describes the temperature interaction with toxicity. Recent literature is summarized and made accessible along with a few generalized relationships such that researchers may design studies in a manner that will increase the utility of their results. A detailed indexing system is employed which makes the information contained in the report accessible by author, toxicant, and text organism. Summary tables of the most pertinent literature are also presented for easy subject retrieval. It was concluded that very little uniformity in experimental design is found between experiments on temperature-toxicity relationships, …

A Study Of Water Institutions In Utah And Their Influence On The Planning, Developing, And Managing Of Water Resources, Frank W. Haws

Reports

Preface: For the purposes of this study an institution is defined as a formal framework or organization through which men pool their efforts and resources to accomplish specific purposes. Included in this framework is the pattern of organization and authority, the legal structure and the governmental rules and regulations that must be adhered to during the process of reaching the stated goals. The institutions related to water resources are many and varied and include: political governments (state, county, city, etc.); subdivisions of government created by legislative consent such as irrigation districts, special improvement districts, metropolitan water companies (a department in …

Modification Of A Continuous Ice Crystal Replicator, Paul D. Thornley

Reports

A continuous ice-crystal replicator was modified by the addition of a gear drive to the cating wheel. This modification utilizes a positive drive force on the coating wheel rather than the friction force between the coating wheel and the film. The coating wheel operates successfully for at least 12 hours without slippage or damage to the film. Studies have uncovered several deficiencies in the replicator design which could be corrected. The correction of these deficiencies would lead to an improved quality of ice-crystal replicas. The need for continued studies in the fluid properties of Formvar solution is pointed out. Information …

Sorption Kinetics Part Ii: Modeling Longitudinal Concentration Profiles In A Packed Bed Reactor, David W. Hendricks

Reports

A mass balance simulation model for sorption in a packed bed reactor was developed. All of the terms in the model, consisting of constants of the porous media, and functions, were evaluated by independent laboratory studies. The kinetic term was determined in Part I. Two numerical schemes (an explicit scheme and an implicit scheme respectively) with corresponding computer programs were developed and made operational. They were not tested against laboratory column results due to long times necessary on the computer and corresponding high costs. Laboratory testing consisted of measuring column profiles for six different packed columns at different flow rates …