Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Groundwater Development In Arid Basins, Dean F. Peterson Jr., Harold E. Thomas, J H. Feth, P. H. Mcgauhey, James H. Milligan, Wayne D. Criddle, Judge Lewis Jones, Dallin W. Jensen, Calvin G. Clyde, Bartell C. Jensen, C. E. Jacob, Jay R. Bingham, E. O. Larson

Reports

Summary: Groundwater development frequently provides a means whereby tremendous new economic opportunities are opened up. If supplies are overdrawn (mined) the ensuing regional economy may be able to affort replacements from more costly sources. In the United States the Salt River Valley of Arizona and the valleys of California provide examples. Two cases are treated in this paper, Israel and West Pakistan. In Israel, besides furnishing more than half of the basic source of water suppply, groundwater development provides opportunity for both quantity and quality management, which makes possible use of surface supplies and reclaimed sewage as firm rather than …

Feasibility Study Of A Capacitance-Type Electronic Sediment-Sensing Device, C. Earl Israelsen, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

Difficulties caused by sediment carried in natural streams have existed since earliest times. Although instruments and techniques for measuring stream discharge have existed for many years, only recently have attempts been made to measure sediment carried by the streams. The earliest observations of sediment discharge in the United States were made by Captain Talcott in the Mississippi River in 1838 (1). More or less continuous samples of sediment from the Rio Grande have been collected by the United States Geological Survey since 1879, and from the Colorado River Basin since 1925. Studies of sediment transport are seriously hampered by the …

Supplement To The Description Of Pseudobenedenia Nototheniae T.H. Johnston, 1931 (Monogenetic Trematotode) Parasite Of A Teleost Of The Genus Notothenia Richardson From The Kerguelen Island, Robert Phillipe F. Dollfus, Louis Euzet

Reports

No abstract provided.

Concentration Of Suspended Radioactive Wastes Into Bottom Deposits., Dexter S. Haven

Reports

During recent years rapid advances in nuclear technology have increased the probability of accidental contamination of our coastal estuarine waters by several routes. The chances of such contamination appear remote, but in the event of a nuclear accident, it would be imperative to understand processes which will disperse or concentrate radioactive materials. In coastal waters the disposal or transport of radionuclides in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible concentration is affected by tidal action and by the volume of inflowing fresh waters. During the period of transport by coastal or estuarine currents, physical and chemical forces will produce abiotic sedimentation. The …

Heavy Metals Tolerance Limits : Terminal Progress Report, M. L. Brehmer

Reports

The toxicity of .metal ions Lo fresh-water organisms has received considerable attention but little is known regarding their effects on estuarine and marine forms. These studies were initiated to aid in the evaluation of marine pollution problems.

Mineralized Springs In Utah And Their Effect On Manageable Water Supplies, James H. Milligan, Ray E. Marsell, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

Need and Importance of Study

Water demands in Utah are continuously increasing. It is essential that these demands be me to insure the continued enhancement of the social and economic well-being of all sectors of our society. Since water needs must be met from a relatively fixed water supply it is imperative that supplies be managed for complete utilization in such a way that all legitimate requirement scan be satisfied.

As our available water supplies are used more completely by making a given supply satisfy more than one use, water quality problems become more pronounced. The multiplicity of uses to …

Stage-Fall-Discharge Relations For Flood Flows Over Highway Embankments, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Lloyd H. Austin

Reports

At Utah State University, considerable effort has been devoted to the analysis of submerged flow at open channel constrictions. A method of analyzing submerged flow was first developed for a trapezoidal flume by Hyatt (1965). Later studies verified the method of analysis for a rectangular flume (Skogerboe, Walker, and Robinson, 1965) and Parshall flumes (Skogerboe, Hyatt, England, and Johnson, 1965). Because of the previous findings, it was felt this method of analyzing submerged flow could be applied to highway embankments.

A highway embankment is a form of broad-crested weir when overtopped by flood waters. Being a weir, the flood discharge …

Modifications To Gate-Flume Structures On The Weber Davis Canal, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

The turnout structures under study divert flows from the Weber-Davis Canal near Clearfield, Utah. A portion of the canal in this area was realigned as a result of the construction of the Interstate Highway System. The twin turnout structures, used to divert water to the West Branch Irrigation Company and West Layton Irrigation Company, were constructed in conjunction with the realignment of the concrete -lined canal.

A three-dimensional drawing of the twin turnout structures is shown in Fig. 1. Water is diverted from the canal by passing under the discharge diverted through each of the structures is approximately 35 cfs …

Measuring Water With Parshall Flumes, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, Joe D. England, J. Raymond Johnson

Reports

Preface: As the value of water increases, the extent to which measurement is employed in an irrigation system also increases. Additional flow measurements provide information for improved management of the water supply. Good water management requires accurate measurement. Many devices have been developed for this purpose and are in use. Included among them are weirs, orifices, calibrated gates, Parshall flumes, and current meters. Of these, the Parshall flume is one of the most widely accepted and used. Presented in this publication is a discussion concerning the use of Parshall flumes for measuring water, including the utilization of a new approach …

Rating Flow Regulation Structures In The Bear River Canal System, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Winford M. Barrus, Lloyd H. Austin

Reports

Introduction.

The Bear River Canal System (Fig. 1) is located below Cutler Reservoir in Box Elder County, Utah. The average annual quantity of water conveyed through the canal system is approximately 230,000 acre-feet. Any water not consumptively used in this area eventually flows in to Great Salt Lake.

Utah Power and Light Company has the rights to the waters stored in Cutler Reservoir for operating a hydroelectric plant. The irrigation distribution system below the reservoir is operated and maintained by the Utah-Idaho Sugar Company. The water is delivered to the water users through the distribution system and a nominal maintenance …

Application Of Electronic Analog Computer To Solution Of Hydrologic And River Basin Planning Problems: Utah Simulation Model Ii, J. Paul Riley, Duane G. Chadwick, Jay M. Bagley

Reports

As demands upon available water supplies increase, there is an accompanying increase in the need to assess the downstream hydrologic system. At Utah State University this problem is being approached by electronic analog simulation of the hydrologic system. Modeling concepts are based upon the development of basic relationships which describe the various hydrologic processes. Within a system, these relationships are linked by the continuity -of-mass principle which requires a hydrologic balance at all points. Once established, the model is applied to any particular geographic unit by determining the appropriate constants of the hydrologic equations. The analog computer is ideally suited …

Mathematical Hydraulics Of Surface Irrigation, Cheng-Lung Chen

Reports

The general hydrodynamic equations for a spatially varied unsteady flow in a prismatic open channel having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape can be derived from the equations of continuity and momentum. The assumptions based on the general concept of hydrodynamics and the theory of shallow water is introduced. The mathematical models in the surface irrigation can be formulated by these equations of motion with the appropriate initial and boundary conditions prescribed at the singularity point (the origin in the x, t-plane) and at x = 0. Therefore, the flow in the surface irrigation must be described by solving the boundary-value problem …

Estimating Evaporation And Evapotranspiration From Climatic Data, Jerald Emmet Christiansen

Reports

No abstract provided.

Laboratory Investigations Of Submerged Flow In Selected Parshall Flumes, M. Leon Hyatt, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Keith O. Egglestron

Reports

No abstract provided.

Subcritical Flow Over Various Weir Shapes, M. Leon Hyatt, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, Lloyd H. Austin

Reports

Submerged flow exists for any given structure when a change in flow depth downstream from the structure causes a change in flow depth upstream from the structure for any given constant value of discharge. The two flow depths, normally measured when submerged flow exists, consist of a depth upstream from the structure, which is used also for free flow conditions, and a depth of flow located any place downstream from the structure. The initial studies in which the submerged flow analysis was developed were made on flat-bottomed flumes (Hyatt, 1965; and Skogerboe, Walker, and Robinson, 1965). Later studies verified the …

The Ugly Faces Of Pollution, Morris L. Brehmer, Fred C. Biggs

Reports

• Pt. 1. [no title]
• pt. 2. Toxic wastes
• pt. 3. Oxygen-removing wastes
• pt. 5. Over-enrichment
• pt. 5. Other pollutants.

Proceedings Of A Summer Institute In Water Resources: Volume 4 - General Principles Of Water Resources Planning, Aaron Wiener, P. Zusman, W. R.D. Sewell, Harvey O. Banks

Reports

Foreward: Recognizing the need for training of individuals to meet the rapidly rising problems connected with water resources development, Utah State University, with National Science Foundation support, organized a Summer Institute in Water Resources for college teachers. it was hoped that participants carefully selected from all regions of the country would receive additional insight and stimulation to improve and enlarge water resources training programs at their own institutions. Thus, the accelerated dissemination of such knowledge on a national scale could be facilitated. Realizing further that the key to a successful institute of this nature lay in the excellence of its …

Proceedings Of A Summer Institute In Water Resources: Volume 1 - Philosophical, Institutional, And Legal Aspects Of Water Resources, Cleve H. Milligan, Charles E. Corker, Wayne D. Criddle

Reports

Foreward: Recognizing the need for training of individuals to meet the rapidly rising problems connected with water resources development, Utah State University, with National Science Foundation support, organized a Summer Institute in Water Resources for college teachers. it was hoped that participants carefully selected from all regions of the country would receive additional insight and stimulation to improve and enlarge water resources training programs at their own institutions. Thus, the accelerated dissemination of such knowledge on a national scale could be facilitated. Realizing further that the key to a successful institute of this nature lay in the excellence of its …

Evaluation Of Free And Submerged Flow Data For Large Parshall Flumes, M. Leon Hyatt, Gaylord V. Skogerboe

Reports

Because the accurate measurement of water plays such an important part in water management, such structures as weirs, orifices, calibrated gates f and flumes have been developed. These structures provide the means for reasonable measurement of the smaller flows (1: .. 100 cfs), but for the large flows (100-3,000 cfs) the current meter, large Parshall flume, and various other flumes are commonly used. Where a permanent structure is required, the most widely accepted and utilized method for measurement of large flows is probably the Parshall flume. The purpose of this report has been to collect the existing flow data for …

Hydrologic Instrumentation And Telemetering, Duane G. Chadwick

Reports

The following report discusses the various phases of work carried out by the Utah State University under a cooperative agreement contract with the Soil Conservation Service for the period extending from June 1965 to June1966.

The body of the report discusses instrumentation techniques employed for the remote telemetering of total precipitation and water content of snow. Discussion of performance of a new type pressure pillow is also given for measuring the water content of snow. Data taken during system evaluation is presented in the Appendix.

Final Report On Results Of Operation James River; An Evaluation Of The Physical And Biological Effects Of The Proposed James River Navigation Project, William J. Hargis Jr.

Reports

A comprehensive study of the physical and biological characteristics of the James Estuary has been carried out by oceanographers of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science under contract with the Virginia Commission of Fisheries. This research project, under way for three years, has been directed especially to the effects of the proposed James River Navigation Project channel dredging on physical features--i·~.,the structure and dynamics, of the estuary, and indirectly on oyster production. Five separate phases were carried out under the project (called Operation James River). These involved: 1) accumulation and study of relevant literature and data, 2) research into the …

Evaluation Of Chemical Composition And Particle Size Gradation Of Evaporation-Reducing, Monolayer-Forming Materials, Vaughn E. Hansen, Gaylord V. Skogerboe

Reports

Initial field testing began shortly after the arrival of materials in August, 1964. The field experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of the long-chain alcohol C20 and particle size gradation on the effectiveness of evaporation retardants when applied by aerial techniques. The materials which were tested at Utah Lake are listed below.

Graphical Solutions To Frequently Encountered Fluid Flow Problems, Roland W. Jeppson

Reports

Introduction

Graphical methods are often used by engineers to solve frequently used or complex formulas which require trial and error solutions. Perhaps the best known graphical tool used by the engineer is the slide rule, but anyone familiar with its use will recognize its limitations both in time and accuracy. For many problems which involve many repetitive computations high speed digital or analog computers are the most effective tools for solution. There are, however, many problems requiring considerable engineering time for slide rule solutions where solutions are not justifiable on computers. The use of nomograms for such problems is desirable. …

Catch And Value Of Various American Crustaceans 1929-1960, Willard A. Van Engel, Frank J. Wojcik

Reports

Occasional reference has been made to the relative magnitude of the catch of the blue crab in waters outside Chesapeake Bay, yet comparisons are not easily made unless data are readily available. Both parallel and opposite trends in catch have been observed. These could be reflections of the amount of fishing effort or the size of the crab stocks. Comparable records of other crustacean fisheries are often of interest. Compilations are given here of data on crabs, shrimp and lobsters originally published in "Fishery Industries of the United States" and "Fishery Statistics of the United States".

Flow Rate Measurement Of Logan Outfall Effluents, M. Leon Hyatt, J. Raymond Johnson, Joe D. England

Reports

No abstract provided.

Estimation Of Pan Evaporation From Climatological Data, Jerald Emmet Christiansen, Ashwin D. Mehta

Reports

A new formula and coefficients for climatological factors was developed for estimating pan evaporation based on an analysis of data from 23 states in the U. S. and from five other countries. This formula may be written: Ev=K R Ct Cw Ch Cs Ce Cm in which K is a dimensionless constant R is the theoretical radiation reaching the outer atmosphere, expressed as equivalent evaporation in the same units~ , as Ev. Ct, Cw, Ch,and Cs are dimensionless sub-coefficients for temperature , wind, humidity, and sunshine. Ce is a sub-coefficient for elevation, and Cm is a monthly coefficient Equations were …

Submerged Parshall Flumes Of Small Size, Gaylord V. Skogerboe, M. Leon Hyatt, J. Raymond Johnson, Joe D. England

Reports

The calibration of small Parshall flumes for measuring flows ranging in magnitude from 0.1 to 1.1 cubic feet per second (cfs) was accomplished by A. R. Robinson (1960) at Colorado State University. The purpose of Robinson’s investigation was to accurately calibrate and standardize the design of small Parshall measuring flumes. The rated flumes were constructed of galvanized sheet metal. Data was collected for Parshall flumes having throat widths of 1-, 2-, and 3- inches. Calibration tables or curves were prepared for both free and submerged flow. The dimensions of the Parshall flumes rated by Robinson are shown in Figure 1. …

Design, Calibration, And Evaluation Of A Trapezoidal Measuring Flume By Model Study, M. Leon Hyatt

Reports

SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION

The discharge occurring in an open channel can be measured by placing a constriction in the channel. Flumes are commonly used as constriction in open channels. A flume is a specially designed and calibrated section built into a channel, the physical properties of which allow the calculation of the discharge. The narrowest section of the flume is usually called the throat. The velocity of flow through the throat, for any given flow rate, increases with a decrease in the flow depth. The ideal condition for measurement of discharge is a throat sufficiently constricted to produce …

Water Vapor Measurements Using Infrared Absorption, Duard S. Woffinden

Reports

Man’s attempt to control the amount of available water has taken two approaches, i.e., weather modification and water storage through the use of man-made reservoirs. In either case, it is necessary to ascertain the water vapor content of the atmosphere. In the case of weather modification, if the water vapor content is insufficient, it is futile to attempt to start precipitation. In the case of reservoirs, it is important to know the evaporation rate since it has been demonstrated that some reservoirs provide a net negative contribution to the total water supply by increasing the normal evaporation losses. Any attempt …

Proceedings Of A Summer Institute In Water Resources: Volume 3 - Water Quality Control And Management, P. H. Mcgauhey

Reports

Foreward: Recognizing the need for training of individuals to meet the rapidly rising problems connected with water resources development, Utah State University, with National Science Foundation support, organized a Summer Institute in Water Resources for college teachers. it was hoped that participants carefully selected from all regions of the country would receive additional insight and stimulation to improve and enlarge water resources training programs at their own institutions. Thus, the accelerated dissemination of such knowledge on a national scale could be facilitated. Realizing further that the key to a successful institute of this nature lay in the excellence of its …