Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Imide/Arylene Ether Copolymers, Brian J. Jensen

Theses and Dissertations

Three different series of imide/arylene ether block copolymers were prepared using two different imide blocks and two different arylene ether blocks. Block molecular weights studied were 3110 and 6545 g/mole for each block and all four combinations possible were prepared in each series. Also, several segmented copolymers were prepared by forming the imide segment and the copolymer in the presence of the pre-formed arylene ether block.

Two amine-terminated poly(arylene ether) blocks (ATPAE) were prepared by reacting 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene with either 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (BPA) or 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (BPF) and 4-aminophenol. Two anhydride-terminated poly(amic acid) blocks were prepared by reacting 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) or 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy-4’- benzoyl)benzene …

The Broom Creek Formation (Permian), In Southwestern North Dakota: Depositional Environments And Nitrogen Occurrence, Marvin E. Rygh

Theses and Dissertations

In North Dakota, the Broom Creek Formation (Wolfcampian> exists in the subsurface as the upper unit of the Minnelusa Group. The Broom Creek Formation consists of pink quartzarenite with some intervening dolostone beds. The identification of lithofacies, areal distribution, and stratigraphic relationships were determined from oil well logs, mainly the dual laterolog suite and the FDC-CNL log suite, and macroscopic and microscopic core analysis. were examined from four wells.

The major lithofacies identified are, 1) eolian Cores sandstone, 2) nearshore marine sandstone, and 3) marine carbonate. From the sandstone-dolostone distribution, marine predominance existed in the eastern part of the study …

Depositional Environments, Ichnology And Diagenesis Of The Upper Frobisher-Alida Beds Of The Elkhorn Ranch And Roughrider Fields Of Western North Dakota, Jeffrey R. Valvik

Theses and Dissertations

The upper Frobisher-Alida interval of western North Dakota was studied in order to determine the depositional envirornnents, bioturbation features, and the diagenetic history of these carbonate and evaporite rocks.

Detailed examination resulted in the identification of six distinct lithotypes: 1) crinoid, coral packstone-wackestone (LT-1); 2) brachiopod, skeletal wackestone (LT-2); 3) skeletal, burrowed mudstone-wackestone; 4) intraclast, peloid packstone-grainstone; 5) peloid, intraclast, ostracode packstone-wackestone; 6) nodular and bedded anhydrite (LT-6). Lithofacies generally follow a depositional sequence of thick units of sublittoral carbonates, followed by a thin sequence of littoral carbonates, and culminating in a thick unit of sublittoral evaporites. Sublittoral rocks dominate …

The Hydrogeologic Effects Of Fly Ash Utilization In Concrete At Coal Creek Station, Underwood, North Dakota, Terry R. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

Coal Creek Station is a two-unit 1100 megawatt electrical power plant located in southern McLean county, North Dakota. Annually, 5 million tons (4.5 million metric tons) of lignite are burned at the plant producing 550,000 tons (500,000 metric tons) of fly ash. Approximately 80,000 tons (72,624 metric tons) of ash are sold as a cement replacement, while the remainder is disposed of in lined evaporation ponds. The present study investigates the environmental consequences of ash utilization as an alternative to disposal, The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) provided funding for this investigation which involves the installation of 5,288 cu yds …

Depositional Environments And Sandstone Diagenesis In The Tyler Formation (Pennsylvanian), Western North Dakota, Larry R. Quandt

Theses and Dissertations

Thirty-three oil well cores were examined and approximately 3,100 oil well logs were used to determine the depositional environments of the Tyler Formation (Pennsylvanian) in northwestern North Dakota. Ninety sandstone thin-sections were described and twenty-nine sandstone samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope/X-ray microanalysis techniques to characterize sandstone diagenesis.

The Tyler Formation in northwestern North Dakota is correlative with the lower unit of the Tyler Formation in southwestern North Dakota. The upper unit of the Tyler Formation in southwestern North Dakota is not present in northwestern North Dakota, contrary to previous workers suggestions. The Tyler Formation in northwestern North Dakota …

Neogastropods (Melongenidae, Fasciolariidae, Turridae) From The Cannonball Formation (Paleocene: Thanetian), North Dakota And South Dakota, Brian E. Silfer

Theses and Dissertations

The Cannonball Formation of Paleocene age is a shallow-marine, clastic sequence exposed primarily in southwest-central North Dakota and northwestern South Dakota. The formation is characterized by alternating, poorly consolidated, relatively thin sandstone and thick mudstone units. The Cannonball neogastropod families Melongenidae, Fasciolariidae, and Turridae contain 20 species assigned to 15 genera based on 334 individuals from 50 localities. Four genera, Alticollarum, Obtusicarina, Vitticoncha, and Ericksonia are new, whereas Serrifusus, Mesorhytis, Rhombopsis, and Deussenia are first reported occurrences from Tertiary strata. Marshallaria is newly reported from North America and likely from the Northern Hemisphere. Twelve species are additions to the Cannonball …

Data Base Design For Research In Comparative Zapotec, Anita C. Bickford

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the nature and content of a comparative data base for the Zapotec languages of Mexico that may be produced. Many questions are discussed: how to sub-divide and list the Zapotec languages and dialects; what data format will be most accessible to researchers as well as to field workers with data to add; computer software considerations (designing computational tools); how to handle non-cognates with shared meanings, non-overlap of glosses (i.e., one Zapotec gloss covers several Spanish words, or vice versa), semantic shifts and secondary meanings, and other problems such as special characters, free variation, elisions, etc.; whether to …

Sedimentary Depositional Cyclicity, Mission Canyon And Charles Formations (Mississippian), Williston Basin, North Dakota, Jean L. Hoff

Theses and Dissertations

Workers within the Williston Basin have repeatedly reported the presence of sedimentary cyclicity within the carbonate and evaporite succession of the Mississippian Madison Group. Descriptions of cyclicity are diverse and commonly conflict. Previous work has been exclusively qualitative. This study used a group of statistical techniques in a method designed specifically for the objective identification and evaluation of cyclicity in the lithofacies sequence of the Mission Canyon and lower Charles Formations in North Dakota.

Twelve cores were sampled at every visually distinguishable lithologic unit. Forty-six lithologic components were counted in each sample on a presence-absence basis. The phi association coefficient …

Reactions Of Substituted Pyridinium Salts With Cyanide; Formation And Metal Complexes Of 2,2'Bis (Hydroxymethyl)-4,-4'Bipyridine, Dorothy N. Eseonu

Theses and Dissertations

The unique combination of properties of bipyridinium salts and their use in biological systems, chemical reactions, and as herbicides in agriculture have made them a discovery of major international importance. The controversy about the position of attack of the cyanide ion on the pyridine ring and the discovery of the formation of unsubstituted bipyridinium salts from the reaction of pyridinium salt with cyanide ion opened a new area of research. The current work involved a study of reactions of substituted pyridinium salts with cyanide ion. The substituted pyridinium salts were prepared by the literature methods. The 2- and 3- cyanopyridinium …

Foraminiferida Of The Madison Group (Mississippian) Of The Williston Basin, North Dakota, Kurt E. Eylands

Theses and Dissertations

More than 1500 thin-sections from 73 wells in the North Dakota part of the Williston Basin were searched for their foraminiferal content. This thin-section survey of the Bottineau, Tilston, Frobisher-Alida, and Ratcliffe intervals yielded more than 700 identifiable foraminifers assigned to 26 species.

Most of the Madison foraminifers of the Williston Basin can be placed in one of two superfamilies, the Tournayellac1a and the Endothyracea. The Bottineau and T11ston intervals yielded more specimens from the superfamily Tournayellacea while the Frobisher-Alida and Ratcliffe intervals yielded more specimens from the superfamily Endothyracea.

The foraminifers occurred in irregular stratigraphic zones The Bottineau and …

Depositional Environments And Diagenesis Of The Lower Duperow Formation (Devonian), Billings Anticline, North Dakota, Randolph B. Burke

Theses and Dissertations

The Duperow Formation is an Upper Devonian (Frasnian) subsurface unit in the Williston Basin in the north-central United States and south-central Canada. Despite its economic importance for hydrocarbons, no detailed accounts have been published on the Duperow Formation that integrate depositional environments, lithology, diagenesis, and pore studies on either a regional or local scale. It was the purpose of this study to construct a model of the depositional environments and diagenesis of the lower Duperow Formation in the Billings Anticline of west-central North Dakota, based on detailed analysis of 17 cores (225 m, 739 ft) and associated wireline logs and …

Hydrogeological And Hydrogeochemical Evaluation Of A Proposed Flue Gas Cleanup Dry Waste Disposal Pit Near Beulah, North Dakota, Nathan T. Hunke

Theses and Dissertations

The Coyote I electrical operating station of the Montana Dakota Utilities Company (MDU) is located near Beulah, North Dakota. Flue gas cleanup {FGC) dry waste is generated by the facility in the conversion of coal to electricity. MDU submitted a permit application to the North Dakota State Department of Health {NDSDH) to dispose of FGC dry waste in a strip-mined area 1.6 kilometres northeast of the plant.

Two disposal pits were proposed by MDU, a Phase I and Phase II pit. The objectives of the investigation were to determine the hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical suitability of the site for FGC waste …

The Hydrogeology Of A Landfill Located In Fine-Grained Lacustrine Sediments In A Saline Discharge Area West Of Grand Forks, North Dakota, John T. B. Betcher

Theses and Dissertations

The Grand Forks Municipal Landfill, located in the Red River Valley of eastern North Dakota, accepts household refuse from the city of Grand Forks and from surrounding rural communities including several towns in northwestern Minnesota. The landfill occupies 160 acres (64.8 hectars) and another 160 acres (64.8 hectars) is available for expansion. The trench method of disposal is used at the landfill.

A geologic and hydrogeologic investigation was undertaken at the landfill to determine the characteristics of the shallow, saturated, fine-grained lacustrine sediments for solid waste disposal. Test holes were drilled to collect core samples for textural analysis, clay mineralogy …

Stratigraphy And Depositional History Of The Deadwood Formation (Upper Cambrian And Lower Ordovician), Williston Basin, North Dakota, Douglas B. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Based on gamma-ray characteristics, the Deadwood Formation is divided into six informal, attribute-defined units, members A through F. Members A and Bare Late Cambrian in age; members C through Fare Early Ordovician in age. The type section of the Deadwood, in the northern Black Hills, is dominated by Upper Cambrian strata. Much thicker Lower Ordovician rocks occur in the deeper portion of the Williston Basin.

The Deadwood comprises the Sauk sequence and represents the initial Paleozoic transgression or the seas on the North American craton. Eight smaller-scale transgressive-regressive events occurred on the craton during the Late Cambrian and the Early …

Pressure-Solution Features Of The Birdbear Formation (Devonian), Williston Basin, North Dakota, James C. Collier

Theses and Dissertations

Pressure-solution features of the Birdbear Formation (Devonian), Williston Basin, North Dakota were the subject of this study. In the area studied, the Birdbear Formation is primarily a limestone with mud-rich textures. The investigation contained three principal phases: 1) a study of the parameters influencing the size and shape of the pressure-solution response, 2) the process of reactate dolomite formation and its relation to calcite neornorphism, and 3) the relation of neomorphism to pressure solution.

The principal pressure-solution response types are stylolites and solution seams. Stylolites are pressuresolution seams with a tooth-and-socket, serrated shape. Pressure-solution seams are gently undulating to smooth …

Macropaleontology Of The Gunn Member, Stony Mountain Formation (Upper Ordovician), Manitoba And North Dakota, Frederick K. Lobdell

Theses and Dissertations

The Gunn Member of the Stony Mountain Formation has long been known to contain an abundant and diverse fauna. This study was undertaken to identify and describe the macrofauna of the Gunn Member in the subsurface of North Dakota, previously neglected.

As a necessary first step, collections of fossils from outcrop were examined and identified. With the outcrop fauna serving as a reference collection, twenty cores from the North Dakota subsurface were examined, described, and their fossils sampled. Fossil and sediment samples were washed and sieved and the residues were picked for microscopic representatives of phyla usually considered to be …

Thermal History Model Of The Williston Basin, Yue-Chain Huang

Theses and Dissertations

The factors that affect the subsurface temperature of a sedimentary basin were investigated by empirical and analytical methods. A review of thermal-mechanical models suggests that the Williston Basin was formed by more than one mechanism. The Williston Basin may have been initiated by a thermal event followed by thermo-flexural or phase transition subsidence.

The heat that initiated the formation of the Basin was significant to the thermal history of the Basin at its very beginning stage. However, most of the anomalous heat would have dissipated before the deposition of Bakken Formation 363 Ma ago. The heat flow history of the …

Sedimentology And Stratigraphy Of Glacial Lake Souris, North Dakota: Effects Of A Glacial-Lake Outburst, Mark L. Lord

Theses and Dissertations

Glacial-lake outbursts commonly occurred along the southern margin of the Laurentide Ice Sheet as ice-marginal lakes suddenly drained. These outbursts released huge volumes of water with tremendous erosive potential, forming large trench-shape channels. Although glacial-lake spillways have been studied in detail, the effects of outbursts on downstream lakes have not. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effects of the Glacial Lake Regina outburst on the lake that received the flows, Glacial Lake Souris.

Glacial Lake Souris, located in what is now North Dakota, was inundated by about 74 km3 of water carrying 25 km3 of sediment from …

Proterozoic Structures In North-Central North Dakota: A Gravity Study, Kathryn C. Luther

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the structure of the contact between the Superior Craton and the Trans-Hudson orogenic belt in north-central North Dakota between latitude 48 and 49 degrees north and longitude 100 and 102 degrees west, using gravity modeling. Major structural and geochronologic boundaries beneath the eastern flank of the Williston Basin in North Dakota and southern Canada appear as coherent patterns on a Bouguer gravity map.

The contribution of the Phanerozoic overburden (density assumed to be 2 . 48 g cm- 3 ) to the gravity signal, was removed, leaving residual gravity anomalies due to …

Major And Trace Element Characterization And Correlation Of The Sentinel Butte Ash/Bentonite (Paleocene), Mckenzie County, North Dakota, Richard A. Larsen

Theses and Dissertations

The Sentinel Butte ash/bentonite has been used for stratigraphic correlation in and around the North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park in western North Dakota primarily by tracing it along the escarpments of the Little Missouri River. The purpose of this study was to determine the geochemical fingerprint for the Sentinel Butte ash/bentonite, and use this fingerprint to assess the correlation value of this and other terrestrial bentonites. Mapping enlarged the known geographic distribution of this unit and provided an insight into its diagenetic history.

Samples from thirty randomly chosen sites and fifteen grab sites were used to evaluate the …

Development Of Solid Substrate Luminescence And Chromatographic Techniques For Chemical Analysis, William J. Long

Theses and Dissertations

Room Temperature Phosphorimetry (RTP) is a sensitive and selective technique which is well suited to the analysis of compounds of environmental and pharmaceutical interests. Absolute sensitivity is generally in the low to subnanograrn range. Selectivity of this technique is due to the fact that only several hundred compounds phosphoresce at room temperature. In these studies attempts are made to gain a greater understanding of the phenomenon of solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry and to extend the application range of the technique.

This goal is approached through several directions, all leading to a greater understanding of solid substrate luminescence in general, …

Electrochemical And Surface Enhanced Resonance Raman Study Of Heme Proteins At Bare Metal Electrodes, David Edward Reed

Theses and Dissertations

Direct heterogeneous electron transfer reactions between horse heart cytochrome g_and silver electrodes were investigated by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. The kinetics of these reactions were established as being quasi-reversible, with a formal heterogeneous rate constant (k°'s,h) ranging between 0.18 - 1.5 x 10^-3 cm/s, for both polished and electrochemically roughened silver surfaces. Such reactions were stable and reproducible for over ten hours at room temperature. These results clearly demonstrate that neither electrode surface modification nor the inclusion of mediators is necessary to study electron transfer reactions of heme proteins at metal electrodes.

A crucial factor in obtaining the quasi-reversible …

Deposition And Diagenesis Of A Portion Of The Frobisher-Alida Interval (Mississippian Madison Group), Wiley Field, North Dakota, Mark R. Luther

Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on the Frobisher-Alida interval, in particular, the Glenburn bed or the Mississippian Mission canyon Formation. Wireline logs and cores from closely spaced wells in, and adjacent to, the Wiley Field, Williston Basin, North Dakota were examined. Information derived from the wireline logs was used to construct several maps which show that there was little or no topographic relief or slope in the study area during deposition or the Glenburn bed. In addition, the maps show that structural derormation occurred subsequent to deposition or the Frobisher-Alida interval.

Six distinct lithoracies were recognized in cores or the Glenburn bed …

Characterization And Utilization Of High- And Low-Sodium Lignite Of The Beulah-Zap Bed (Paleocene), Indian Head Mine, Southwestern North Dakota, Gale G. Mayer

Theses and Dissertations

A study of high- and low-sodium lignite of the Beulah-Zap bed sampled at the Indian Head Mine, Pit 11 and 12, respectively, in Mercer County, North Dakota and fly ash derived from utilization tests on the lignite, indicates the fly-ash composition and related utilization potential can be correlated to coal geochemistry.

Average lithotype abundances for each of the sampling sites were estimated to be vitrain 50%, attritus 45%, and fusain 5%. Attritus occurs more frequently in the upper part and vitrain in the middle and lower parts of the seam. Maceral groups, identified microscopically, were (in order of decreasing abundance): …

Hydrogeology Of The Hillsboro Landfill, Hillsboro, North Dakota, Jeffrey D. Maletzke

Theses and Dissertations

Landfills are the primary means for land disposal of solid wastes, and as such, they represent potential sources of groundwater contamination. This potential for contamination is exemplified by the Hillsboro landfill, which was emplaced above the Hillsboro aquifer, within permeable surface materials, and under shallow water-table conditions. Burial of refuse in trenches 15-feet (4.57 m) deep ensure that at least portions of the refuse are below the water table, which varied from 5.4 to 13.2 feet (1.7 to 4.0 m) below the surface. Concern over these factors led to the present study.

Subsurface conditions were investigated by electrical, earth-resistivity surveying. …

Assessment Of Influence That The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints Has On Exercise Habit Of Members Living In Utah County, Gary L. Preston

Theses and Dissertations

This study identified and analyzed the influence the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints had on the decision of 309 respondents to exercise. The data obtained from the questionaires were analyzed using chi-square to compare males and females. Within the limitations of this study, the following conclusions were justified: women were more influenced by the LDS Church to exercise than men; LDS males and females exercised more than average American adults; walking, jogging, and aerobic dance were the most popular choices of LDS exercisers; and, there is a need to improve the awareness of LDS members concerning the Physical …

Depositional Environments Of A Portion Of The Bullion Creek Formation (Paleocene), Western Billings County, North Dakota, Rodney K. Perkins

Theses and Dissertations

The Bullion Creek Formation (Paleocene) in North Dakota is part of an Upper Cretaceous to Eocene wedge of siliciclastic rocks formed during uplift associated with the Laramide Orogeny. The Bullion Creek Formation consists predominantly of mudrocks , with fine-grained sandstone, lignite, and rare limestone lenses . Previous workers have postulated combinations of fluvial and lacustrine depositional environments for the rocks.

The study area covers 15 square kilometres in the badlands of the Little Missouri River in western Billings County, North Dakota, where approximately the upper 75 metres of the Bullion Creek Formation ls exposed. Twenty nine stratigraphic sections were measured …

Evaluation Of The Interaction Between Seepage From A Municipal Waste Stabilization Lagoon, Mcville, North Dakota, And A Shallow Unconfined Aquifer, Paul R. Bulger

Theses and Dissertations

The McVille, North Dakota, Municipal Waste Stabilization Lagoon is situated above the McVille Aquifer, an unconfined glaciofluvial aquifer capable of significant water yields. The site contains a 3-D network of 29 monitoring wells. Standing waste-water is maintained in the clay-lined, primary-operating cell. Operating practices at the site entail periodic discharges of waste-water from the lined cell to an unlined cell, a procedure which results in rapid infiltration.

The shape and extent of the groundwater contaminant plume caused by the waste-stabilization process is best delineated by the distribution of chloride. Background wells contain less than 10 mg/L chloride. The area up …

Depositional Environments And Diagenesis, Winnipegosis Formation (Middle Devonian), Williston Basin, North Dakota, Nancy A. Perrin

Theses and Dissertations

In the Williston Basin, the Winnipegosis Formation is the major carbonate unit of the initial transgressive-regressive pulse of the Kaskaskia sequence. Twenty-two lithofacies were identified by well-log, core, and thin-section studies of Winnipegosis rocks; these belong to seven environments of deposition which include deep basin, deep shelf, shallow shelf, reef, lagoon, tidal flat, and evaporite basin. The deposition of the Winnipegosis and Prairie Formations were inter-related and occurred during six episodes. Following a brief hiatus separating the underlying Ashern Formation from the Winnipegosis, a clear, quiet, shallow-marine environment became established in the North Dakota portion of the Elk Point Basin. …

Diagenesis And Porosity Development Of The Mission Canyon And Charles Formations (Mississippian), Treetop And Whiskey Joe Fields, North Dakota, Rebecca L. Durall

Theses and Dissertations

Rocks of the upper Mission Canyon and lower Charles Formations (Mississippian) in central Billings County, North Dakota consist of interbedded limestones, dolostones, and anhydrites which were deposited in a shallow epeiric sea. This study was limited to the upper Mission Canyon and lower Charles Formations of Treetop and Whiskey Joe fields, located along the Billings anticline in central Billings County, North Dakota. Close examination of ap~roximately 260 metres (850 feet) of upper Mission Canyon and lower Charles Formations core in the study area resulted in the separation of rocks into six lithotypes: 1) echinoderm wackestone, 2) dolomudstone, 3) neomorphic wackestone, …