Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Applied Geology In The Beulah-Hazen Area, Mercer County, West-Central North Dakota, Gary N. Meyer

Theses and Dissertations

Increased lignite development around the small towns of Beulah and Hazen, North Dakota, will cause rapid growth and necessitate the develop ment of new subdivisions and expansion of present sewage disposal facili ties. A detailed geologic study of a 9 0-square mile area surrounding the two towns was undertaken to provide information valuable to those concerned with proper management of this growth. A surface and near-surface materials map was prepared at a scale of 1:24, 000 showing relative depths and thicknesses of a maximum of three earth materials to a depth of 9 m. Eleven units were mapped at the …

Depositional Environments And Diagenesis Of The Mississippian Bottineau Interval (Lodgepole) In North Dakota, Thomas J. Heck

Theses and Dissertations

Bottineau interval rocks from the North Dakota part of the Williston Basin comprise a single marine transgression/regression cycle, Early Mississippian (lower Scallion subinterval) marine transgression from the restricted depositional environment of the Bakken Formation resulted in normal marine circulation, Six major facies were developed: (1) the central basin, (2) basin flank, (3) open shelf, (4) crinoidal mudstone, (5) gray shale, and (6) restricted shelf. Marine transgression continued until upper Scallion subinter val time, by which time the open shelf facies had already prograded over the gray shale and crinoidal mudstone facies.

Marine regression had begun by middle Bottineau interval (Virden …

Paleoecology Of Late Quaternary Molluscan-Ostracod Assemblages From The Norwood Site, Southeastern Minnesota, Kevin L. Malmquist

Theses and Dissertations

Well-preserved fossils, including mollusks, ostracods, beetles and plant remains were extracted from sediments at the Norwood Site in southeastern Minnesota during July, 1977. Stratigraphic units, in ascending order, were: (1) sandy claystone, (2) clayey siltstone, (3) sandy siltstone, and (4) laminated peat. Unit 1 was interpreted to be till or sediment that slumped or flowed into the lake. Unit 2 and the lower part of unit 3 were interpreted to be lacustrine sediments. The upper part of unit 3 was interpreted to be a shoreline deposit. Unit 4 was interpreted to be a terrestrial or marginal lacustrine deposit. Total thickness …

The Geohydrology And Hydrogeochemistry Of The Proposed Garrison Lignite Mine, Kevin Morin

Theses and Dissertations

A local groundwater study is a necessity before the opening of any lignite mine in North Dakota. The study becomes an important reference for the environmental impact during mining and after reclamation.

This report is a groundwater study of the Proposed Garrison Lignite Mine, McLean County, North Dakota. The mineable lignite is in the lower Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene). The remainder of the Paleocene material at the proposed mine site is mostly fluvial silty clay deposits with some sand beds. Pleistocene deposits, mostly pebble loam (till), cover the Sentinel Butte at the mine site.

Ninety piezometers in twenty-eight nests were …

Mineralogy And Chemistry Of Clay-Rich Sediments In The Contact Zone Of The Bullion Creek And Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene), Billings County, North Dakota, David W. Brekke

Theses and Dissertations

The Bullion Creek and Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene) form over 50 percent of the surface and near surface sediments in the North Dakota part of the Williston Basin. These rocks are composed of sandstones, siltstones, claystones, and numerous lignite beds. A distinct surface color change from light colors in the Bullion Creek Formation to dark colors in the Sentinel Butte Formation serves as a boundary marker and is widely exposed in the Little Missouri River badlands. The color boundary is a product of weathering and is not readily apparent in the subsurface. The use of clay mineralogy was investigated as …

Petrology Of The Cenozoic Igneous Rocks Of The Tinton District, Black Hills, South Dakota - Wyoming, John T. Ray

Theses and Dissertations

The Tinton district is located on the northwest flank of the Black Hills uplift, 20 km west of Lead, South Dakota, along the Wyoming South Dakota border. The Tinton or Nigger Hill uplift comprises a central area of domed Precambrian Xstrata with marginal exposures of Paleozoic sedimentary rocks which dip radially outward on all sides. The area was intruded by Cenozoic igneous rocks that include a stock of quartz latite/quartz trachyte porphyry, an alkalic ring dike complex, lamprophyre dikes and intrusive breccia.

Precambrian rocks are represented by a sequence of metapelites thst have been intruded by metabasite and granitic pegmatite …

Magnetic Anomalies Over A Portion Of The Granite Mountains, Central Wyoming, Larry F. Smyers

Theses and Dissertations

Precambrian rocks exposed in the northern Pathfinder Reservoir area, Natrona County, Wyoming, are partially exhumed crystalline rocks of the northwestern portion of the Granite Mountains. These rocks comprise three major types: (1) the oldest metamorphic rocks, which may represent a metamorphosed sedimentary-volcanic terrane, exposed on Black Rock Mountain and in other small areas south and west of Black Rock Mountain; (2) granites, which intrude the metamorphic sequence, and are exposed on the Sweetwater Rocks and areas marginal to Pathfinder Reservoir; and (3) diabase dikes with northeastern trends that intrude both the metamorphic rocks and granites. Exposures of the Precambrian rocks …

A Multi-Valued Attitudinal Study Of Obscenity And Freedom Of Expression, Allen W. Palmer

Theses and Dissertations

This study was designed to examine whether religiosity is a determining factor in public reaction to obscenity issues.

A sample population of 452 residents of the community of Idaho Falls, Idaho was selected using a technique based on a list of random numbers in October, 1979. Path analysis, Chi-square analysis and Spearman's correlation were used to measure the results.

The study found there is a significant relationship between religiosity and behavior intention toward obscenity issues. The affective component of the attitude organization functions somewhat as a mediating variable. There were also findings that members of the Church of Jesus Christ …

Calculation Of Galois Groups, Daniel Schnackenberg

Theses and Dissertations

In the 19th Century Galois developed a method for determining whether an equation is solvable. It relied on the close relationship between fields and their automorphism group. This paper is a survey of the techniques of Galois theory. After presenting the main results of elementary Galois theory and some useful facts about factorization, I develop the important methods of calculating the Galois group and give a proof of the Chebotarev density theorem.

A Geomagnetic Survey Of Pembina, Grand Forks, And Eastern Walsh Counties, North Dakota, Howard E. Okland

Theses and Dissertations

From August, 1977, to March, 1978, total field geomagnetic readings were taken at 948 sites in the following counties in North Dakota: Pembina County, Grand Forks County, and Walsh County east of 98°W. longitude. The field data was contoured by computer using the SYMAP commercial computer program. Nine major and several minor magnetic anomalies were discovered. Trends present on the aeromagnetic map of Minnesota continue westward into North Dakota. Limited bore hole data and the geomagnetic map suggest that the study area is underlain by Precatnbrian rocks of the Superior geologic province. The northernmost trend may indicate a western extension …

Petrology Of Sandstones From The Bullion Creek And Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene), Little Missouri Badlands, North Dakota, Mark A. Steiner

Theses and Dissertations

The mineralogy and petrology of sandstones of the Paleocene Bullion Creek and Sentinel Butte Formations were studied from exposures in the Little Missouri River Badlands in Billings, Golden Valley, and McKenzie Counties, North Dakota. Field work was conducted in the summer of 1977. Stratigraphic sections were measured and described from eight localities. Sandstones were sampled at 47 levels, and three samples were collected from each level. Fifty-one samples were collected from the Bullion Creek Formation and 90 from the Sentinel Butte Formation.

Thin-sections were prepared from plastic grain-mount blocks containing disaggregated sand grains, and 200 points per thin-section were counted, …

The Rhame Bed (Slope Formation, Paleocene), A Silcrete And Deep Weathering Profile, In Southwestern North Dakota, Barbara D. Wehrfritz

Theses and Dissertations

The Rhame Bed is a unit at the top of the Slope Formation (for merly part of the "Ludlow Formation") in the Fort Union Group deposited during Paleocene time.

The Rhame Bed was mapped in western Slope County and north central Bowman County. The bed outcrops on the tops of buttes, at the present groJnd surface in large level areas, or in steep slopes. Although the bed is laterally discontinuous, it is a clearly mappable unit.

The Rhame Bed typically consists of two dominant lithologies: siliceous rock and white sediment. The siliceous rock is hard, gray, and made of silt-sized …

Depositional And Paragenetic Controls On Porosity Development, Upper Red River Formation, North Dakota, Kipp W. Carroll

Theses and Dissertations

The upper Red River Formation in North Dakota comprises a subtidal/intertidal facies overlain by three evaporitic sequences of four lithologic units each, labeled "P," "R," and "F" in stratigraphic order. Four porosity zones are recognized in the upper Red River: the subtidal/ intertidal facies forms one porosity zone, and each evaporitic sequence contains another. Each unit in a sequence, as well as the sequence itself, is thinner and less widespread than its preceding counterpart. All strata are laterally continuous across the main part of the Williston basin in North Dakota, but, the porosity zones eventually disappear to the east as …

Heat Flow And Heat Production Studies In North Dakota, Richard Scattoline

Theses and Dissertations

Thirty-one new heat flow determinations in North Dakota range from 0.6 to 1.9 HFU. The majority of heat flow measurements were completed for southwestern North Dakota.

Heat flow measurements were made in both oil and water wells. Heat production data from basement rocks when used in conjunction with nearby heat flow values indicate that only two of six sites may be considered to be similar to Basin and Range type of heat flow. One site occurs in southwestern North Dakota in a region west of 103° W where no heat flow value is less than 1.5 HFU. The other site …

Paleoecology Of A Late Quaternary Biota At The Mcclusky Canal Site, Central North Dakota, Linda E. Okland

Theses and Dissertations

Abundant and well-preserved Late Quaternary fossils were exposed at the McClusky Canal Site in the Missouri Coteau district of central North Dakota during the late summer and fall of 1976. Strati graphic units, in ascending order, are: (l) pebbly, clayey sand; (2) unlaminated, organic claystone; (3) laminated, organic claystone; (4) pebbly, sandy claystone; (5) laminated, organic claystone; (6) gypsiferous claystone; and (7) silty claystone. Units 1 and 4 are inter preted to be till, and the remainder are lacustrine sediments. Total thickness of the section is 6.0 m.

Radiocarbon dates of 12,595 ± 375 radiocarbon years B.P. (from the boundary …

Direct Determination Of Pentachlorophenol By Differential Pulse Polarography, Albert L. Wade

Theses and Dissertations

Concern over environmental contamination leading to the introduction of pentachlorophenol into human and animal systems has resulted in the need for a rapid and direct method for determining trace concentrations of this highly toxic compound. A direct electrochemical procedure has been developed for determining trace conccentrations of this phenol dovm to 0.27 ppm. This method uses the electrochemical techniques of differential pulse polarography at the dropping mercury electrode, and differential pulse voltammetry at the carbon paste electrode to reduce pentachlorophenol for this determination. Cyclic voltammetry at the hanging mercury drop electrode has been used to characterize the reaction behavior of …

Geology Of The Flathead Formation (Middle Cambrian) On The Perimeter Of The Bighorn Basin, Beartooth Mountains, And Little Belt Mountains In Wyoming And Montana, Joel A. Degenstein

Theses and Dissertations

The Flathead Formation, which is 4 to 60 metres thick in the middle and northern Rocky Mountains of Wyoming and Montana, contains cross-bedded and parallel-bedded, quartz sandstone. The formation contains marginal-marine and shallow-marine sediment that was deposited unconformably on Precambrian crystalline and sedimentary rock by an eastward-transgressing sea during middle Cambrian time.

This field study of the Flathead Formation on the perimeter of the Bighorn Basin, Beartooth Mountains, and Little Belt Mountains reveals that the formation consists of three intervals. The lower interval contains medium to very coarse, pebbly, cross-bedded sandstone and conglomerate. The middle interval contains medium to coarse, …

Stratigraphy And Depositional Setting Of The Carrington Shale Facies (Mississippian) Of The Williston Basin, Peter F. Bjorlie

Theses and Dissertations

The Carrington shale facies is a radioactive illitic lagoonal shale, apparently deposited behind lime mudstone banks (Waulsortian bioherms), along the eastern margin of the Williston basin during Early Mississippian time.

The Scallion subinterval, which is the basal subunit of the Bottineau interval of the Madison Formation in North Dakota, is divisible into six lithologic facies, one of which is the Carrington shale facies. West of the shale facies, on the basin-shelf hinge line, is the lime mudstone facies. Basinward of this facies is the interbedded shale-limestone facies. Stratigraphically above the latter two facies is the sand-silt-shale facies. Overlying a portion …

Stratigraphy Of The Lower Tertiary And Upper Cretaceous (?) Continental Strata In The Canyon Range, Juab County, Utah, James M. Stolle

Theses and Dissertations

The Canyon Range Formation (informal new name), formerly mapped as the Indianola Group within the Canyon Range, is divisible into two distinct, mappable units, A and B. Unit A is nearly all conglomerate strata, and conglomerate texture and sedimentary structures suggest an alluvial fan depositional environment. Precambrian and basal Cambrian quartzite clasts represent the erosional debris from the allochthonous Canyon Range thrust. Unit B is composed of interbedded fluvial sandstone and conglomerates with lacustrine limestones, commonly micritic and/or oncolitic. Conglomerate clasts indicate a Paleozoic carbonate provenance. Unit A, previously mapped as the Indianola, underlies Unit B and correlates with the …

Leaf Litter Processing In Aquatic Systems Two Variable Model, Boyd Jay Hanson

Theses and Dissertations

The adequacy of the negative exponential model with one independent variable, days or accumulated time, as a descriptive equation for aquatic leaf litter processing was examined. The effect of adding a second independent variable, degree days or accumulated temperature, to the model was also examined. The two variable negative exponential model was shown to have at least two advantages over the single variable model. The two variable model adequately fits litter processing data for more cases than the single variable model. The expanded model also allows determination of rate coefficients for various temperature levels of the experiment rather than assuming …

The Synthesis Of Novel Macrocyclic Multidentate Compounds From Dioxodioic Acids (1), R. Elliott Asay

Theses and Dissertations

A series of novel macrocyclic multidentate crown compounds have been prepared from a series of dioxodioic acids. The dioxodioic acids were prepared by treating various oligoethylene glycols or amines with maleic, succinic, citraconic, and glutaric anhydrides. The crown compounds were then synthesized from the dioxodioic acid chlorides obtained from the diacids and various oligoethylene glycols or ethylene diamine.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatographic Methods For The Separations Of Derivatized Alpha-Keto Acids And Thiamine Phosphate Esters, Bruce Clark Hemming

Theses and Dissertations

Improved methods have been developed for separation of a-keto acid derivatives and for thiamine and its phosphate esters. Linear gradient reverse phase chromatography using ion-pair formation provides baseline resolution for a seven-component homologous series of a-keto acid dinitrophenylhydrazones having increasing carbon chain lengths. Branched-chain keto acids can also be separated. Aldehyde derivatives were examined as possible interfering compounds. Peak identification in biological material was confirmed for pyruvate by an enzymic peak shift technique. Monitoring near 365 nm permits low nanogram detection. Preliminary studies of keto acids in biological material illustrate the method's applicability. The same system with slight changes separates …

A Photochemical Study Of S-Triazolo[4,3-B] Pyridazine And 3-Diazo-4-Oxo-3,4-Dihydroquinoline, John Timothy Carlock

Theses and Dissertations

When subjected to ultraviolet radiation in the presence of an alkene, s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine (STP) undergoes an unusual 3 + 2 photocycloaddition wherein the alkene adds to the 1 and 8 positions of STP with concommitant N4-N5 bond cleavage yielding 5,6-disubstituted-6,7-dihydro-7-methylene (and 7-cyanomethyl)-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-b]-s-triazoles. Amides and esters of indole-3-carboxylic acid have been synthesized by a novel reaction employing the ultraviolet irradiation of 3-diazo-4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoline (QDA) in the presence of amines or alcohols respectively. QDA, when irradiated, is postulated to undergo an internal Wolff Rearrangement to Indole-3-ketene which can add any amine or alcohol to form the corresponding amide or ester in modest to good …

Real-Time Computer Optimized Scanning Potential Coulometry For Multi-Component Trace Analysis, Norman W. Petty

Theses and Dissertations

The instrumentation and methodology for real-time computer controlled scanning potential coulometry for multi-component trace analysis is described. The sensitivity limit was determined to be 10^-8 F for electrochemically reversible constituents. The sensitivity limit could be extended if measures were taken to compensate for the periodic signal found on the electrolysis current. Non-linear least squares curve fitting methods accurately resolved iron-platinum and silver-iron interferences to give accurate determinations for iron and silver. The resolving capability of this method was tested using theoretically generated scanning potential coulograms. The computer resolved sample constituents with a 1 to 100 concentration ratio and a formal …

Isolation, Purification, Scanning Electron Microscopy And Bacterial Dna Uptake Of Plant Protoplasts, Bronwyn G. Hughes

Theses and Dissertations

Protoplasts were isolated from tobacco and barley leaves in sucrose or mannitol using commercially available cellulases and macerozymes. Barley growth and protoplast isolation and purification conditions were optimized so that protoplasts were obtained in high yields free of unwanted debris and organelles. A technique for processing barley and tobacco protoplasts for examination by scanning electron microscopy was developed in which protoplasts seem to have maintained their structural integrity. Barley and tobacco protoplasts took up 3H-B. subtilis DNA, 125I-B. subtilis DNA or 125I-M. luteus DNA as a linear function of time (0-6 hr) and DNA concentration (0-200 μg/ml). Up to 16 …

The Dependence Of The Apparent Pk Of Ion Exchange Celluloses Of Ionic Strength, Paul Cyril Gillespie

Theses and Dissertations

Diethylaminoethyl cellulose was titrated with acid and base in various concentrations of NaCl. The pK values were determined from titration curves using a graphical technique. Two titratable groups were observed from the acid titration curve, a major and a minor group. The minor group, which represented 20% of the acid titration, was barely detectable in the base titration curve and had a salt-independent pK of 6.0. The pK of the major group was strongly salt-dependent and was approximately a linear function of log N NaCl. An equilibrium shift caused by the counter ion may explain the salt dependence. Hydrogen bonding …

Certain Edaphic And Biotic Factors Affecting Vegetation In The Shadscale Community Of The Kaiparowits Area, Vane Orlan Campbell

Theses and Dissertations

A study area on the southern extensions of the Great Basin cold desert (Kaiparowits Basin, Utah) was selected which has had varying amounts of disturbance. Areas with similar slope and exposure in the Shadscale community were sampled. At each site, soil samples were collected and percent sand, percent clay, percent silt, soluble salts, and hydrogen ion concentrations were measured. Cluster analysis based on percent frequency of the perennial species showed that eight groups or sub-communities were definable within the area sampled. Patterns within the vegetation were shown to be independent with the use of cluster analysis. Discriminant analysis on soil …

Stratigraphy And Paleontology Of The Upper Cretaceous Morden Member (Vermilion River Formation) In The Outcrop Area, Northeastern North Dakota, Fredrick D. Wosick

Theses and Dissertations

The Late Cretaceous Morden Member is the oldest exposed bedrock unit in North Dakota, cropping out in eastern Cavalier County in the northeastern part of the state. The Morden overlies the Greenhorn Formation and underlies the Niobrara Formation. The Canadian Morden Member of the Vermilion River Formation is used in lieu of the Carlile Formation because of the lithologic similarity and proximity to the Morden type area, and the distance from the Carlile Formation type section in southeastern Colorado.

Three principal sections were measured and sampled at 2-meter intervals for microfaunal and lithologic analysis. A single well was used for …

Petrology Of The Alaskites Of The Boulder Batholith, Montana, Kenneth C. Malick

Theses and Dissertations

The Boulder batbolith outcrops in the Northern Rookies of western Montana. It is exposed over an area of 5700 km2 and extends about 112 km along the continental divide from Mullen Pass on the north to 32 km south of Butte. The Boulder batholith represents an invasion of the upper zones of the crust by a large volume of fluid granodioritia quartz monzonitic magma emplaced at the close of a main orogenic episode during late Cretaceous and Paleocene time.

Eight alaskite bodies were chosen for sampling from previous field experience and from geologic maps published by the U.S.O.S. Textural descriptions, …

The Late Cenozoic Geology Of West-Central Minnesota From Moorhead To Park Rapids, Roderic L. Perkins

Theses and Dissertations

Based on lithostratigraphic and geomorphic information, the Quaternary history of an area bounded by the Red River of the North, 95°00' west longitude, 47°00' and 46°45' north latitude in west central Minnesota, includes seven geologic episodes:

Glacial advances and retreats over all or part of the study area occurred during the first six geologic episodes. The glaciers advanced either southward across northern Minnesota, entering the study area from the northeast; or across eastern North Dakota and southwestern Manitoba, entering the study area from the northwest. As a result of these glacial events the sediment of Unit A, Sebeka Formation, New …