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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem) Study Of Polycrystalline Ru:Ag/Alumina Supported Catalyst System., S. Tajammul Hussain Jan 1996

Transmission Electron Microscopy (Tem) Study Of Polycrystalline Ru:Ag/Alumina Supported Catalyst System., S. Tajammul Hussain

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize bimetallic Ru/Ag Catalyst samples dispersed on a high surface area Alumina support. The addition of Ag increases the metal dispersion but no consistent trend is observed. Ag forms crystallites of various shape and sizes, some of them are present in the close vicinity of Ru but not forming Ru:Ag bimetallics. A part of Ag crystallites cover the Ru surface hence blocking Ru emission. These irregular shaped crystallites are possibly responsible for the increase in metal dispersion. Particles below 2.5 nm were Ag particles, between 2.5 to 5.0 nm were Ru:Ag mixed crystallites …


Poly (D,L-Lactic Acid) Homopolymers: Synthesis And Characterization, Xu Kaitian, Ahmet Kozluca, Emir B. Denkbaş, Erhan Pi̇şki̇n Jan 1996

Poly (D,L-Lactic Acid) Homopolymers: Synthesis And Characterization, Xu Kaitian, Ahmet Kozluca, Emir B. Denkbaş, Erhan Pi̇şki̇n

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, poly(D,L-lactic acid or D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) homopolymers were synthesized with different molecular weights. Low molecular weight PDLLAs (MW_n: 500-2300) were synthesized by direct polycondensation of DL-lactic acid without using any catalyst, while high molecular weight PDLLAs ( MW_n: 8x10^3-150x10^3) were produced by ring-opening polymerization of DL-lactide with stannous chloride as catalyst (initiator). Average molecular weights of PDLLAs were determined by end-group analysis, by viscosimetric measurements and by HPLC. PDLLA homopolymers were characterized by FTIR, NMR and DSC. In the production of PDLLAs by direct polymerization, molecular weights of the PDLLAs increased with the increase in the polymerization time …


Crystal Structure Of Tris(2-Hydroxyethyl)Ammonium Bromide, Veysel T. Yilmaz, Hasan İçbudak, Halis Ölmez, R. Alan Howie Jan 1996

Crystal Structure Of Tris(2-Hydroxyethyl)Ammonium Bromide, Veysel T. Yilmaz, Hasan İçbudak, Halis Ölmez, R. Alan Howie

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The crystal structure of tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium bromide, [HN(CH_{2}CH_{2}OH)_{3}]Br, was determined as rhombohedral by single crystal X-ray diffractometer. The final R value was found to be 0.032 for 576 observed reflections. The crystal consists of layers of hydrogen-bonded cations, [HN(CH_{2}CH_{2}OH)_{3}]^{+} and anions, Br^{-}. Within a layer every cation donates and every anion accepts three hydrogen bonds. In the cation, trifurcated intramolecular hydrogen bonds are formed due to the surrounding of the hydrogen atom bonded to the N atom by the 2-hydroxyethyl groups.


A Kinetic Study Of Homogeneous Bulk Polymerization Of Ethyl Methacrylate Initiated By Benzoyl Peroxide And An N, N^{\Prime} -Dimethylaniline Redox Pair, Serap Şenel, Belma Işik-Yürüksoy, Olgun Güven Jan 1996

A Kinetic Study Of Homogeneous Bulk Polymerization Of Ethyl Methacrylate Initiated By Benzoyl Peroxide And An N, N^{\Prime} -Dimethylaniline Redox Pair, Serap Şenel, Belma Işik-Yürüksoy, Olgun Güven

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The homogenous bulk polymerization of ethyl methacrylate (EMA) was studied using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and an N,N^{\prime}-dimethylaniline (DMA) redox pair with the dilatometric method. The half-order dependence of the polymerization rate upon both the BPO and DMA concentrations was obtained. The overall activation energy of the polymerization was found to be between 32.3-55.3 kJ/mole for different initial molar ratios of the redox pair. A retaring effect was observed at lower polymerization temperatures for low concentrations of BPO. The formation of reddish colored polymers at higher DMA concentrations was explained by the adsorption of adduct formed between DMA radicals.


The Effects Of Polyacrylic Acid/Polypyrrole Composite Coating On Photocorrosion And Photoactivity Of Pyrite Electrodes, A. Sezai Saraç, Belkıs Ustamehmetoğlu, Esma Sezer, Candan Erbi̇l Jan 1996

The Effects Of Polyacrylic Acid/Polypyrrole Composite Coating On Photocorrosion And Photoactivity Of Pyrite Electrodes, A. Sezai Saraç, Belkıs Ustamehmetoğlu, Esma Sezer, Candan Erbi̇l

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Electrically conducting polyacrylic acid (PAA)/Polypyrrole (PPy) composite films were prepared by electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on PAA which was electrocheimically adsorbed on natural and synthetic pyrite ( FeS_{2}) electrodes. The application of such polymer coating on pyrite, which is one of the semiconducting materials for solar applications, shows almost total protection against corrosion and can improve the photoactive character of the electrode. Addition of Ce(IV) ammonium nitrate into this system improved the photoactivity of the PAA/PPy composite. The composite polymer has higher photoconductivity than the pure PPy, because of the doping effect of anions on the PPA/PPy composite.


The Effect Of Metal Loading On The Adsorption Parameters Of Carbon Dioxide On Coprecipitated Nickel-Alumina Catalysts, A. Erhan Aksoylu, A. Nilgün Akin, S. Gönenç Sunol, Z. İlsen Önsan Jan 1996

The Effect Of Metal Loading On The Adsorption Parameters Of Carbon Dioxide On Coprecipitated Nickel-Alumina Catalysts, A. Erhan Aksoylu, A. Nilgün Akin, S. Gönenç Sunol, Z. İlsen Önsan

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A coprecipitation method has been developed and modified for the preparation of nickel-alumina catalysts having metal loadings in the 0-25 wt\% Ni range. The effect of metal loading on CO_{2} adsorption was investigated under isothermal chromatographic conditions using an elution technique in the temperature range 483-533 K. Average enthalpies of adsorption were determined using the isosteres obtained from the experimental adsorption isotherms. The isotherms were also fitted to the Langmuir equation for the evaluation of adsorption equilibrium coefficients, Gibbs free energies, average adsorption enthalpies and entropies. Keywords: nickel-alumina, coprecipitated nickel-alumina, CO_{2} adsorption


Validity Of A Linear Estimator For The Total \Pi-Electron Energy Of Alternant Hydrocarbons, Lemi Türker Jan 1996

Validity Of A Linear Estimator For The Total \Pi-Electron Energy Of Alternant Hydrocarbons, Lemi Türker

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The validity of a linear topological estimator formula which possesses a slope k such that 0


The Mechanism Of The Photoprotolytic Reactions Of Some Oxyazomethine Compounds, Lubov Efimovna Zelt'ser, Milan B. Bastic, Ljubinka V. Rajakovic Jan 1996

The Mechanism Of The Photoprotolytic Reactions Of Some Oxyazomethine Compounds, Lubov Efimovna Zelt'ser, Milan B. Bastic, Ljubinka V. Rajakovic

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The kinetic spectral study of the photoprotolytic reactions of oxyazomethine molecules was performed. It was established that the deprotonation reactions of oxyazomethines proceed with the participation of electronically excited molecules and are characterized by parameters which differ to basic state reactions.


Distribution Of Ce (Iv) Species In Hno_{3}-Hcio_{4} Media And Determination Of Stability Constants Of The Nitrato Complexes, Seval Bayülken, A. Sezai Saraç Jan 1996

Distribution Of Ce (Iv) Species In Hno_{3}-Hcio_{4} Media And Determination Of Stability Constants Of The Nitrato Complexes, Seval Bayülken, A. Sezai Saraç

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this paper, the distribution of cerium (IV) species depending on the charges of nitric acid-perchloric acid concentration at constant ionic strength (I=1.0) was investigated. Cerium (IV), being a strong oxidant, was utilized for investigating the oxidation kinetics of some amino acids. Knowing the distribution of cerium (IV) species is beneficial for better understanding this type of kinetics. Distribution of cerium (IV) species in aqueous media was studied by measuring the total optical absorbance of cerium (IV) species in different nitric acid-perchloric acid mixture solutions. The stability constants (K_{1} and K_{2}) of the nitrato cerium complexes were determined spectrophotometrically from …


Automation Of Dipole Moment Measurements Using Microprocessor Controlled System, Nil Tarim, Hakan Kuntman, Ayten Kuntman Jan 1996

Automation Of Dipole Moment Measurements Using Microprocessor Controlled System, Nil Tarim, Hakan Kuntman, Ayten Kuntman

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A microprocessor controlled instrument that can be used in physical chemistry research laboratories has been designed and constructed. The intended use is the measurement of the dipole moment and determination of the temperature dependency of the dipole moment for polar substances, especially for macromolecules. Measurement techniques with conventional dipolmeters require fine adjustments and measurements which seem to be very tedious and time consuming. Provided automation enables very frequent measurements with a step of 1^{\circ}C and disallows any user-oriented error. The dielectric constant measurement is performed within an accuracy limit of less than \pm 0.001. Furthermore, the equipment designed provides the …


Enantioselective Synthesis Of 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-Oxo-1-Phenyl Butyl)- 2h-1-Benzopyran-2-One (Warfarin), Ayhan S. Demi̇r, Cihangir Tanyeli, Volkan Gülbeyaz, Hülya Akgün Jan 1996

Enantioselective Synthesis Of 4-Hydroxy-3-(3-Oxo-1-Phenyl Butyl)- 2h-1-Benzopyran-2-One (Warfarin), Ayhan S. Demi̇r, Cihangir Tanyeli, Volkan Gülbeyaz, Hülya Akgün

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Oral anticoagulant Warfarin (4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenyl butyl)-2H-1- benzopyran-2-one) is synthesized in optically active form starting from 4- hydroxycoumarin via formation of optically active enamines followed by Michael addition reaction with benzyliden acetone at low temperature. Different amines gave 17-68\% ee and the chemical yield was 22-71\%, depending on the reaction conditions and the structure of chiral amines.


The Determination Of Some Heavy Metal Cations By Tlc/Photodensitometry, Şahin Savaşçi, Mehmet Akçay Jan 1996

The Determination Of Some Heavy Metal Cations By Tlc/Photodensitometry, Şahin Savaşçi, Mehmet Akçay

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The samples having complex matrices were analyzed for some heavy metal cations by using a thin layer chromatography/photodensitometry (TLC/PD) system. The rock samples were dissolved by suitable methods. Nickel, Cobalt and Copper were dedected and analyzed by photodensitometric comparison of corresponding spots of samples with those of standards. The results of the same samples and standards were compared with those obtained by atomic absorption measurements. Our results are comparable with the results of flame atomic absorption measurements. The precision of TLC method was calculated to be 9.4\% as relative standard deviations depending on 17 replicate measurements. The accuracy of TLC …


Molecular Structure Of 2'-Hydroxy-3'-Methoxy-5'-Allyl -4-Methylazobenzene, Veysel T. Yilmaz, Selami Şasmaz, İsmail E. Gümrükçüoğlu, R. Alan Howie Jan 1996

Molecular Structure Of 2'-Hydroxy-3'-Methoxy-5'-Allyl -4-Methylazobenzene, Veysel T. Yilmaz, Selami Şasmaz, İsmail E. Gümrükçüoğlu, R. Alan Howie

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

2'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-5'-allyl-4-methylazobenzene was synthesized in two steps: 4-methylbenzenediazonium chloride was prepared by the reaction of 4- methylaniline, HCL and NaNO_{2}, and was then reacted with eugenol to give 2'-hydroxy-3'-methoxy-5'-allyl-4-methylazobenzene. The molecular structure was identified by UV/VIS, IR, ^{1}H-NMR and elemental analysis. The crystal structure was determined as monoclinic by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The final R values was found to be 0. 078 for 1065 observed reflections. The structure consists of isolated molecules with van der Waals contacts and the molecule is essentially planar in the solid state. There is a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond in which the hydroxyl group …


Synthesis Of Some Pyrazolo-Pyridazine Compounds, Adem Önal, Yunus Akçamur, Behzat Altural Jan 1996

Synthesis Of Some Pyrazolo-Pyridazine Compounds, Adem Önal, Yunus Akçamur, Behzat Altural

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Addition of {\bf 1} to two moles of phenylhydrazine gives 1,2,4,6- tetraphenyl-(2,3-d)-pyrazolo-5,6-pyridazine-7-one {\bf 4} isomer compound 1, 2,3,5-tetraphenyl-(2,3-d) pyrazolo-5,6-pyridazine-7-one {\bf 5} of {\bf 4} was synthesized by the reaction of {\bf 2} with phenylhydrazine. 3,4- Diphenyl-(2,3-d)-pyrazolo-(1H,6H)-pyridazine-7-one {\bf 6} was also obtained in two different ways. Reaction of {\bf 1} and 4-benzoyl-5 phenyl- furan-2,3-dione {\bf 3} with hydrazinium hydrate furnished compound {\bf 6}. The structures of {\bf 4,5} and {\bf 6} were determined by the ^{13} C- NMR, IR spectra and elemental analysis. These new isomer and condensed compounds synthesized in this study are important for heterocyclic chemistry.


A New Prodelphinine Type Alkaloid From, Ali H. Meri̇çli̇, Filiz Meri̇çli̇, Hans Becker, Ayhan Ulubelen Jan 1996

A New Prodelphinine Type Alkaloid From, Ali H. Meri̇çli̇, Filiz Meri̇çli̇, Hans Becker, Ayhan Ulubelen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In a previous study we have isolated five known and a new diterpenoid alkaloids from the aerial parts of {\it Aconitum nasutum}. In the present paper the structure of a new and rather rare diterpenoid alkaloid aconasutine was determined by using 1D and 2D NMR techniques.


Cycloaddition Reactions Of Dichloroketene To Allyl Ethers, Hülya Şenöz, Süleyman Yildirir Jan 1996

Cycloaddition Reactions Of Dichloroketene To Allyl Ethers, Hülya Şenöz, Süleyman Yildirir

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Allyl ethers reacted with dichloroketene by [2+2] Cycloaddition to produce 2,2-dichlorocyclobutanones structure of products were determined by IR, NMR, GC MS tecniques.


Fixed Bed Pyrolysis And Hydropyrolysis Of An Immature Type I Turkish Oil Shale, Murat Çitiroğlu, Selma Türkay, Zeynep Işık Cepni̇, Colin Edward Snape Jan 1996

Fixed Bed Pyrolysis And Hydropyrolysis Of An Immature Type I Turkish Oil Shale, Murat Çitiroğlu, Selma Türkay, Zeynep Işık Cepni̇, Colin Edward Snape

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A number of different pyrolysis procedures were investigated in order to achieve higher oil yields from an immature type I oil shale than obtained under static retorting conditions. Both nitrogen and steam gases increased yields as inticipated: Steam achieving comparable yields to nitrogen but at much lower gas velocities. The composition of the tars varied considerably, steam increasing the concentration of alkenes. In coprocessing the oil shale with a Turkish lignite in the Heinze retort, oil yields were higher than predicted principally due to extraction of the lignite by pyrobitumens obtained from the oil shale. Fixed bed hydropyrolysis of the …


Synthesis Of 2[1'(3',5'-Disubstituted Pyrazolyl) Methyl]5-Phenyl Amino-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles And 1,2,4-Triazoles As Potential Therapeutic Agents, Roshan Ahmad, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Rukhsana Jabeen, Helmut Duddeck Jan 1996

Synthesis Of 2[1'(3',5'-Disubstituted Pyrazolyl) Methyl]5-Phenyl Amino-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles And 1,2,4-Triazoles As Potential Therapeutic Agents, Roshan Ahmad, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Rukhsana Jabeen, Helmut Duddeck

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

A complete synthesis of 2[1'(3', 5'-disubstituted pyrazolyl) methyl] 5- phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole V(a-b) and 1,2,4-trizole VI (a-b) is reported. Cyclocondensation of \beta-diketones with etylhydrazino acetate hydrochloride yielded ethyl 3,5-disubstituted pyrazolyl acetate II(a-c) which on treatment with hydrazine hydrate resulted in the formation of their hydrazide derivatives III(a-c). These hydrazides, when treated with phenyl isothiocyanate, gave thiosemicarbazide derivatives IV(a-c), which were cyclised in the presence of con. H_{2}SO_{4} and NaOH to give V(a-b) and VI(a-b), respectively.


Extraction Of Dyestuff From Onion (Allium Cepa L.) And Its Application In The Dyeing Of Wool, Feathered-Leather And Cotton, Adem Önal Jan 1996

Extraction Of Dyestuff From Onion (Allium Cepa L.) And Its Application In The Dyeing Of Wool, Feathered-Leather And Cotton, Adem Önal

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the total amount of dyeing substances present in onion (Allium cepa L.) was determined by using the extraction method. The extracted substanc were used in the dyeing of woollen strips, feathered- leather and cotton. Dyeing conditions and other characteristics were determined and the repeatable specifics were evaluated for these processes so that ligh fast colours could be obtained.


Extraction Of Dyestuff From Madder Plant ( Rubia Tinctorum L.) And Dyeing Of Wool, Feathered-Leather And Cotton}, Adem Önal Jan 1996

Extraction Of Dyestuff From Madder Plant ( Rubia Tinctorum L.) And Dyeing Of Wool, Feathered-Leather And Cotton}, Adem Önal

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the total amount of dyeing substances present in {\it Rubia tinctorum L}. was found by using the extraction method and then separated in column. All of the dyeings were carried out with red component alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone). Dyeing conditions and other characteristics were determined and in most cases high fast colours were obtained.


Circular Dichroism Studies Of Complexation Of Antibiotic (+)- Cephradine With Cr(Iii), Co(Ii) And Ni(Ii) In Methanol: Water (80:20) Solution, Nasir Ahmad, Javed Safder, Christy Munir Jan 1996

Circular Dichroism Studies Of Complexation Of Antibiotic (+)- Cephradine With Cr(Iii), Co(Ii) And Ni(Ii) In Methanol: Water (80:20) Solution, Nasir Ahmad, Javed Safder, Christy Munir

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Circular dichroism (CD) studies have been utilized to investigate complexation of antibiotic (+)-cephardine with Cr(III), Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in methanol: water (80:20 v/v) solution. The optimum conditions of pH, stoichiometry and time for achieving equilibrium for maximum complexation in these systems are determined. The CD spectra of these complex ions consist of 2-3 Cotton bands between 16,129-25,994 cm^{-1} with differential absorptivity 0.0046-0.428 deg. L mol^{-1} cm^{-1} and bands are assigned to electronic transitions. The formation constants of these complexes in mixed solvent are reported.


Extractive Spectrophotometry Of Palladium(Ii) With 3,4,5- Trimethoxybenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone, A. M. A. Khader, K. S. Prasad Jan 1996

Extractive Spectrophotometry Of Palladium(Ii) With 3,4,5- Trimethoxybenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone, A. M. A. Khader, K. S. Prasad

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The extractive spectrophotometric determination of palladium(II) using 3,4, 5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (TBTSC) is discussed in this study. It forms an intense yellow-coloured chloroform-soluble complex with paladium(II) in an acidic medium. The molar absorptivity at 370nm is 8.35x 10^{4} 1. mol^{-1} cm^{-1}. The complex system conformed to Beer's Law up to a concentration limit of 12 ppm. The Sandell's sensitivity was 8. 57 ng. cm^{-2}. The interference of various ions was studied, and palladium(II) in its alloy compositions was analysed.


A Comparison Of Adsorption Isotherms Of Crosslinked Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone)/Basic Brown 1 Binding System, Dursun Saraydin, Erdener Karadağ Jan 1996

A Comparison Of Adsorption Isotherms Of Crosslinked Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone)/Basic Brown 1 Binding System, Dursun Saraydin, Erdener Karadağ

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

In this study, the binding of a basic dye such as basic brown 1 [BB 1] onto a crosslinked poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) [CPVP] was investigated. Adsorption of the azo dye onto the CPVP was studied by the batch adsorption technique at 25^{\circ}C. In adsorption experiments a Langmuir type (L) adsorption was found with respect to the Giles classification system. Binding parameters such as initial binding constant (K_{i}), equilibrium constant {\it (K)}, monolayer coverage (n), site-size (u), and maximum fractional occupancy (\hat{\theta}), and thermodynamic parameters such as heat of adsorption (\Delta H), free energy of adsorption (\Delta G) and entropy of adsorption (\Delta …


The Facile Synthesis Of Cyclopentanoid Antibiotic Kjellmanianone, Ayhan S. Demi̇r, Cihangir Tanyeli̇, Volkan Gülbeyaz, Hülya Akgül Jan 1996

The Facile Synthesis Of Cyclopentanoid Antibiotic Kjellmanianone, Ayhan S. Demi̇r, Cihangir Tanyeli̇, Volkan Gülbeyaz, Hülya Akgül

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The synthesis of cyclopentanoid antibiotic Kjellmanianone is described in this study. The C-acylation of lithium enolates of 3-Methoxycyclopentenone by N-carbomethoxyimidazole or methylcyanoformate \beta-ketoester, which when oxidized with Mn(III) acetate produces kjellmanianone in good yield.


Oxidative Coupling Of Methane On Lnba_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-X} Superconductors, N. T. Shamilov, V. P. Vislovskii, E. A. Mamedov, S. M. Aliyev, A. I. Suleimanov, E. G. Ismailov Jan 1996

Oxidative Coupling Of Methane On Lnba_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-X} Superconductors, N. T. Shamilov, V. P. Vislovskii, E. A. Mamedov, S. M. Aliyev, A. I. Suleimanov, E. G. Ismailov

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The superconducting oxides LnBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-x} (Ln=Y, Gd, Er, Yb, Lu) showed poor selectivity in the oxidative coupling of methane. The addition of 0.5 mol. %Li_{2}O to these materials considerably enhanced the yield of C_{2} hydrocarbons. This effect was related to both lower redox property and higher basicity of Li-doped catalysts as compared to those of undoped ones.


An Amperometric Biosensor For The Determination Of Organophosphorus Pesticides, Azmi Telefoncu Jan 1996

An Amperometric Biosensor For The Determination Of Organophosphorus Pesticides, Azmi Telefoncu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Organophosphorus pesticides are inhibitors of cholinesterase and this enzyme is used as a monitoring system for pesticides containing organophosphorus compounds. The decrease in activity of cholinesterase is monitored by the choline sensor and is correlated to the concentration of pesticide present in solution. According to this observation a biosensor for pesticides was determined. This biosensor consists of a Clark oxygen electrode, modified with cellulose acetate and dialysis membranes. Between the two membranes there are two immobilized enzymes: acetyl-cholinesterase and choline oxidase.


Deacidification Of High Acid Olive Oil By Immobilized Lipase, Ayşe Makasçi, Kadir Arisoy, Azmi Telefoncu Jan 1996

Deacidification Of High Acid Olive Oil By Immobilized Lipase, Ayşe Makasçi, Kadir Arisoy, Azmi Telefoncu

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

The acidity reduction of high acid oils prior to refining could be an attractive application for industry. In this study the enzymatic deacidification degummed and dewaxed olive oil with a high free fatty acid content, catalysed by an immobilized lipase was optimzed (Novozym 435). The optimum amount of substrate for synthesizing trigliycerides was the necessary stoichiometric amount of fatty acid and glycerol. The mixing was performed with a mechanical stirrer and the dehydration was performed by vacuum pump or by bubbling dry nitrogen. The dehydration rate was faster than the deacidification rate. The four parameters chosen for this experimental plan: …


A New Flavanone From Teucrium Alyssifolium, G. Topcu, C. Eris, S. Kurucu A. Ulubelen Jan 1996

A New Flavanone From Teucrium Alyssifolium, G. Topcu, C. Eris, S. Kurucu A. Ulubelen

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

From the aerial parts of {\it Teucrium alyssifolium} in addition to previously obtained {\it neo-}clerodane diterpenoids, a new flavanone alysifolinone and three flavones cirsiliol, cirsilineol and luteolin-6,7,3', 4'-tetramethyl ether, were isolated. The structure of the compounds was established by spectral data, and by TLC comparison for the known compounds. Keywords: Teucrium alyssifolium, Lamiaceae, flavanone, alysifolinone, flovones.


A Comparison Of Normal(-Cn) And Reversed (C-18) Phase Chromatographic Behaviour Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, S. Fatma Aygün, Mustafa Özci̇mder Jan 1996

A Comparison Of Normal(-Cn) And Reversed (C-18) Phase Chromatographic Behaviour Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, S. Fatma Aygün, Mustafa Özci̇mder

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Because of the well-known carcinogenic and mutagenic character of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), still new methods have been tried for their qualitative and quantitative determinations in various smaples. Liquid chromatography is one of the most widely applied techniques. In this study we used liquid chromatography in normal and reversed phase modes for the determinations of PAHs and tried to find a relation between the retention times and various parameters, such as molecular shape, water solubility and number of carbon atoms.


Adsorption Of Monovalent Cationic Dyes On Some Silicates, Oğuz İnel, Ayşegül Aşkin (Börekçi̇) Jan 1996

Adsorption Of Monovalent Cationic Dyes On Some Silicates, Oğuz İnel, Ayşegül Aşkin (Börekçi̇)

Turkish Journal of Chemistry

Adsorption of two cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG), was studied on the bentonite, sepiolite and zeolite samples by the batch equilibration technique using a spectrophotometer. In addition, cation exchange capacities (CEC) of samples were determined by NH_4^{+} saturation using Kjeldhal distillation. The adsorption data was found to conform with the Langmuir equation within the concentration range studied, and Langmuir constants were determined for each of the samples. It was observed that the amount of dyes adsorbed was in excess of CEC in the case of bentonite and sepiolite. The adsorption capacities of the samples for both …