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United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

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Articles 1411 - 1440 of 1529

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Immunocontraception Of White-Tailed Deer With Gnrh Vaccine, Lowell A. Miller, Brad E. Johns, Gary J. Killian Apr 2000

Immunocontraception Of White-Tailed Deer With Gnrh Vaccine, Lowell A. Miller, Brad E. Johns, Gary J. Killian

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

One of the most successful immunocontraceptive vaccines used for wildlife is porcine zona pellucida (PZP). Several authors have published on the use of PZP immunocontraceptive vaccines to immunosterilize white-tailed deer. This is the first long term study of the use of GnRH contraception of deer. This GnRH immunocontraceptive study was part of a multi-year White- Tailed deer infertility study on the deer herd at Pennsylvania State University, (PSU) University Park, Pennsylvania in cooperation with National Wildlife Research Center, (NWRC) Fort Collins, CO.

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Reporting Bias In Bird Strikes At John F Kennedy International Airport, New York, 1979-1998, Scott C. Barras, Richard A. Dolbeer Apr 2000

Reporting Bias In Bird Strikes At John F Kennedy International Airport, New York, 1979-1998, Scott C. Barras, Richard A. Dolbeer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Bird-aircraft strike databases have been used to identify, monitor, and manage bird strike problems in the USA nationally and at individual airports. Up to 75% of all bird strikes that occur in the USA may not be reported by pilots or airport control tower personnel. Recent studies have suggested that individual airports may improve their strike reporting rates by having personnel regularly search runways for the remains of birds struck by aircraft. We analyzed a 20-year dataset of runway searches from John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFKIA) in New York to determine the degree of bias in reports of strikes …

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Roles Of Odor, Taste, And Toxicity In The Food Preferences Of Lambs: Implications For Mimicry In Plants, Frederick D. Provenza, Bruce A. Kimball, Juan J. Villalba Apr 2000

Roles Of Odor, Taste, And Toxicity In The Food Preferences Of Lambs: Implications For Mimicry In Plants, Frederick D. Provenza, Bruce A. Kimball, Juan J. Villalba

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In the traditional sense, food ingestion consists of prehending, masticating, swallowing, and digesting plant matter. It is also possible to ingest plants without eating them. Volatile compounds are inhaled directly into the lungs and transported from the lungs into the bloodstream. Volatiles in high concentrations could presumably produce toxicosis, without an herbivore ever ingesting a plant in the customary sense. Volatile compounds may be aposematic, serving to warn potential predators of toxins in plants. We conducted three experiments to explore the roles of odor, taste, and toxicity in the food preferences of lambs. The first experiment determined if brief exposure …

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Captive Great Blue Heron Predation On Farmed Channel Catfish Fingerlings, James F. Glahn, Brian Dorr, Mark E. Tobin Apr 2000

Captive Great Blue Heron Predation On Farmed Channel Catfish Fingerlings, James F. Glahn, Brian Dorr, Mark E. Tobin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In a series of experiments, we examined feeding behavior of captive great blue herons Ardea herodius and estimated their ability to affect commercial production of fingerling channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Specifically, we determined the following: (1) the biomass of channel catfish fingerlings necessary to maintain the body mass of wild-caught captive great blue herons, (2) capture rates of captive great blue herons foraging on channel catfish fingerlings, (3) evaluation of the losses of catfish fingerlings to heron predation, and (4) the effects of selected catfish pond conditions on heron capture rates and body mass changes. Consistent with previous studies, …

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Movements And Distribution Of Radio-Collared Canada Geese In Anchorage, Alaska, Darryl York, John Cummings, Kate Wedemeyer Apr 2000

Movements And Distribution Of Radio-Collared Canada Geese In Anchorage, Alaska, Darryl York, John Cummings, Kate Wedemeyer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We monitored radio-equipped (n = 50) and neck-collared (n = 205) lesser Canada geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) during August through October 1996 in Anchorage, Alaska, to ascertain local patterns of movement and post-molt dispersal; to identify geese from molting sites that frequent Elmendorf Air Force Base (EAFB); and to evaluate the effectiveness of hazing at EAFB. Telemetry data and visual observations of collared geese indicated 59% of geese observed at EAFB were from molting sites ≤10 km from EAFB. We observed 93 marked geese from 11 molting sites 1 or more times in the EAFB airdrome, and 63% …

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Importance Of Migrating Salmon Smolt In Ring-Billed (Larus Delawarensis) And California Gull (L. Californicus) Diets Near Priest Rapids Dam, Washington, Darryl L. York, John L. Cummings, John E. Steuber, Patricia A. Pochop, Christi A. Yoder Apr 2000

Importance Of Migrating Salmon Smolt In Ring-Billed (Larus Delawarensis) And California Gull (L. Californicus) Diets Near Priest Rapids Dam, Washington, Darryl L. York, John L. Cummings, John E. Steuber, Patricia A. Pochop, Christi A. Yoder

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) and California Gulls (L. californicus) have been implicated in depredations on migrating salmon smolt in the Columbia River. As part of a gull management program conducted in 1995 and 1996, we collected L. delawarensis (n = 120) and L. californicus (n = 45) near Priest Rapids Dam, Washington, and analyzed stomach contents to determine food habits and thus the importance of fish in gull diets. Percent volume measurements and index of relative importance rankings suggested a greater reliance on fish by L. californicus than by L. delawarensis. Peak percent consumption of fish by …

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Long-Term Spatial Stability Of Coyote (Canis Latrans) Home Ranges In Southeastern Colorado, Ann M. Kitchen, Eric M. Gese, Edward R. Schauster Apr 2000

Long-Term Spatial Stability Of Coyote (Canis Latrans) Home Ranges In Southeastern Colorado, Ann M. Kitchen, Eric M. Gese, Edward R. Schauster

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Long-term stability of territorial boundaries has not been well documented in canids. To evaluate the prevalence of long-term spatial stability of coyote (Canis latrans) home ranges, we compared the overlap of territorial boundaries and the spatial distribution of telemetry locations of packs in southeastern Colorado. From August 1983 to July 1988 (period l), 16 coyotes from six packs were radio-tracked. From April 1996 to August 1997 (period 2), 12 coyotes from six packs were captured and tracked in the same area. Mean percentage of overlap of pack ranges was 89.8 ± 8.3% (+SD) for period 1 ranges over …

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Repellents To Reduce Cable Gnawing By Wild Norway Rats, Stephen A. Shumake, Ray T. Sterner, Stanley E. Gaddis Apr 2000

Repellents To Reduce Cable Gnawing By Wild Norway Rats, Stephen A. Shumake, Ray T. Sterner, Stanley E. Gaddis

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rodents gnaw communications and power cables, resulting in service interruptions, fires, and other safety concerns. Commensal rodents such as the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus) have been implicated in many of these situations. Two chemical repellents (capsicum oleoresin+apsaicin and denatonium benzoate) at 2.0% mass/mass concentrations in a polybutene carrier (Indopol-controlw) ere evaluated for repellent efficacy compared to a plastic mesh physical barrier material (Vexa*) and the polybutene carrier (placebo) alone using groups of individually caged wild Norway rats. The materials were applied to short lengths of communications cable (RG-8U) with the repellents enclosed in electrical shrink tubing around the …

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Winter Habitat Use And Survival Of Female Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus) In Southeastern North Dakota, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier Feb 2000

Winter Habitat Use And Survival Of Female Ring-Necked Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus) In Southeastern North Dakota, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

From 1992 to 1995 we used radiotelemetry to monitor winter habitat selection and survival of female ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) in southeastern North Dakota. We captured 100 birds at nine sites in six study blocks centered on cattail-dominated (Typha spp.) semi-permanent wetlands. Pheasants showed nonrandom habitat use at two hierarchical scales. At the second-order scale (23-km2 blocks) semi-permanent wetlands were preferred during two winters in which habitat selection could be assessed (1992–1993 and 1994–1995). An additional second-order preference for grass-covered uplands was shown during the mild 1994–1995 winter. At the third-order scale (home-range) pheasants preferred the …

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Integrated Management Tactics For Predicting And Alleviating Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Spp.) Damage To Conifer Reforestation Plantings, Richard M. Engeman, Gary W. Witmer Jan 2000

Integrated Management Tactics For Predicting And Alleviating Pocket Gopher (Thomomys Spp.) Damage To Conifer Reforestation Plantings, Richard M. Engeman, Gary W. Witmer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Pocket gophers cause extensive damage to reforestation plantings in the western United States, and pose acute and chronic problems for forest managers. We examine the components of an integrated pest management strategy for reducing pocket gopher damage to conifers: the predictive factors for assessing the risk for damage, techniques for monitoring gopher populations and assessing efficacy of control methods, and damage control strategies and methods. The information in each component is reviewed and presented so that an optimal damage reduction plan can be developed in a logical, cost-effective, environmentally responsible fashion.

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Overview Of A Passive Tracking Index For Monitoring Wild Canids And Associated Species, Richard M. Engeman, Lee Allen Jan 2000

Overview Of A Passive Tracking Index For Monitoring Wild Canids And Associated Species, Richard M. Engeman, Lee Allen

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Population density estimates for many animal species are often difficult or expensive to obtain, and they rely on assumptions that, if violated, result in unmeasurable estimation errors. Density estimates also may be unnecessary for research or management purposes, because an index that tracks changes in a population within appropriate time and geographic constraints could provide the information necessary to make management decisions or to evaluate the impact of a control program. We review research on a passive tracking index where observations are made on a series of tracking plots placed on lightly used dirt roads. The number of sets of …

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Standardizing The Evaluation Of Brown Tree Snake Trap Designs, Richard M. Engeman, Daniel S. Vice Jan 2000

Standardizing The Evaluation Of Brown Tree Snake Trap Designs, Richard M. Engeman, Daniel S. Vice

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The introduced brown tree snake has had devastating impacts on the native vertebrate fauna of Guam. Trapping is the primary means by which brown tree snakes are removed, either in support of reintroduction of endangered species or to deter their movement from Guam in cargo. Traps used to control brown tree snake populations have been continually evolving since the 1980s. Before general operational implementation of a new design, the efficacy of new trap developments must be demonstrated. In this paper we combine the current knowledge about brown tree snake control objectives and practicalities, the information gained from a variety of …

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Brown Tree Snake Discoveries During Detector Dog Inspections Following Supertyphoon Paka, Daniel S. Vice, Richard M. Engeman Jan 2000

Brown Tree Snake Discoveries During Detector Dog Inspections Following Supertyphoon Paka, Daniel S. Vice, Richard M. Engeman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Detector dog inspection of outbound cargo is one of several control methods applied to deter brown tree snake dispersal from Guam. In the two and a half months following the passage of Supertyphoon Paka over Guam, an increase in brown tree snake discoveries during detector dog inspections was observed. We report here on the circumstances of those discoveries and their management implications.

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Hazing And Movements Of Canada Geese Near Elmendorf Air Force Base In Anchorage, Alaska, Darryl L. York, John L. Cummings, Richard M. Engeman, Kate L. Wedemeyer Jan 2000

Hazing And Movements Of Canada Geese Near Elmendorf Air Force Base In Anchorage, Alaska, Darryl L. York, John L. Cummings, Richard M. Engeman, Kate L. Wedemeyer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Bird strikes to aircraft are a serious economic and safety problem in the United States, annually causing millions of dollars in damage to civilian and military aircraft and the occasional loss of human life. We observed movements of 1236 neckbanded lesser Canada geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) to determine efficacy of hazing as a means to reduce goose presence at Elmendorf Air Force Base (EAFB), Anchorage, Alaska from August to October 1997. Emphasis was on movements of geese onto EAFB with additional data collected at the other two major airports in the area, Anchorage International Airport (AIA) and Merrill …

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Evaluation Of Flight ControlTm And Mesurol® As Repellents To Reduce Horned Lark (Eremophila Alpestris) Damage To Lettuce Seedlings, Darryl L. York, John L. Cummings, Richard M. Engeman, James E. Davis Jr. Jan 2000

Evaluation Of Flight ControlTm And Mesurol® As Repellents To Reduce Horned Lark (Eremophila Alpestris) Damage To Lettuce Seedlings, Darryl L. York, John L. Cummings, Richard M. Engeman, James E. Davis Jr.

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We conducted enclosure trials near Huron, CA in the San Joaquin Valley from 12 to 23 January 1999 to determine the efficacy of Flight Control™ (50% anthraquinone) and Mesurol® (75% methiocarb) in preventing horned lark damage to lettuce seedlings. Flight Control™ (FC) and Mesurol® were evaluated as foliar sprays at application rates of 2.79 and 2.27 kg ha-1, respectively. Homed lark damage to lettuce seedlings treated with antraquinone was greater (p = 0.015) than for rnethiocarb®, 60 versus 20%, respectively, and seedlings in control plots were 100% destroyed. While this level of damage is probably unacceptable to lettuce …

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Home Ranges And Habitat Selection Of White-Tailed Deer In A Suburban Nature Area In Eastern Nebraska, Scott Hygnstrom, Kurt C. Vercauteren Jan 2000

Home Ranges And Habitat Selection Of White-Tailed Deer In A Suburban Nature Area In Eastern Nebraska, Scott Hygnstrom, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We evaluated the movements of 59 radio-collared female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) at the Gifford Point Wildlife Management Area (GP) and Fontenelle Forest Nature Area (FF) in eastern Nebraska from 1994 to 1997. Annual home ranges averaged 276 ha (CI = 166 ha). Forty-four of the deer maintained relatively small home ranges (0=129 ha) and resided in the GP lowlands (n=14), FF lowlands (n=ll), and FF uplands-Bellevue residential area (BR) (n= 19). Deer in the latter area were frequently observed in backyards, at deer feeders, and on city streets. Seven of the deer were transients, maintaining seasonal home …

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Response Of Captive Coyotes To Renardine Coyote Repellent, D. E. Zemlicka, J. R. Mason Jan 2000

Response Of Captive Coyotes To Renardine Coyote Repellent, D. E. Zemlicka, J. R. Mason

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Renardine is a bone tar product available for use as a coyote (Canis latrans) repellent in Canada. The substance is applied to pasture borders to prevent coyotes from entering and attacking sheep. Because data regarding the effectiveness of Renardine are lacking, we designed two experiments. In the first, six pairs of coyotes were first presented with 400 g of ground meat in two pans (200 g/pan) with false screen bottoms. Beneath the screens were absorbent tubes wetted with 10 ml of distilled water. Subsequently, during a treatment period, the absorbent tube was wetted with 10 ml of Renardine. …

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Soil-Moisture Preferences And Soil-Use Behaviors Of Northern Pocket Gophers, Ray T. Sterner Jan 2000

Soil-Moisture Preferences And Soil-Use Behaviors Of Northern Pocket Gophers, Ray T. Sterner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Factors affecting soil-contact and –manipulation behaviors of pocket gophers (Thomomys and Geomys spp.) are poorly understood. Delineation of these behaviors is crucial to development of new repellent systems that seek to exploit the fossorial activity of these rodents. In a laboratory study involving northern pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides), I examined the effects(s) of gravimetric soil moisture (i.e., 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) upon soil-contact and –use behaviors. Six gophers received successive, 0.5 h/day exposures to one of the moist soils compared to dry (0%) soil in a 2-choice apparatus. Times in each compartment and observed …

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Sheep-Predation Behaviors Of Wild-Caught, Confined Coyotes: Some Historical Data, Ray T. Sterner, Kenneth Crane Jan 2000

Sheep-Predation Behaviors Of Wild-Caught, Confined Coyotes: Some Historical Data, Ray T. Sterner, Kenneth Crane

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

As part of efforts to develop The Livestock Protection Collar (U.S. EPA Reg. No. 56228-22), we videotaped sheep-predation events by 23 (15 males and 8 females) wild-caught, confined coyotes (Canis latrans) in a 31 x 41 m enclosure. Coyotes were paired individually with a sheep (Ovis aries) during 1 h daily trials. Nineteen (13 males and 6 females) of the coyotes made 75 fatal attacks of 1 to 7 sheep each; 4 coyotes (2 males and 2 females) made no fatal attacks despite 19 to 39 daily pairings. Of coyotes that made fatal attacks, 13 (9 …

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Strychnine Alkaloid And Avian Reproduction: Effects Occur At Lower Dietary Concentrations With Mallard Ducks Than With Bobwhite Quail, C. A. Pedersen, R. T. Sterner, M. J. Goodall Jan 2000

Strychnine Alkaloid And Avian Reproduction: Effects Occur At Lower Dietary Concentrations With Mallard Ducks Than With Bobwhite Quail, C. A. Pedersen, R. T. Sterner, M. J. Goodall

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Separate subchronic reproductive toxicity studies were conducted using mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). Three groups (32/group; 16 male-female pairs) of 17-week-old ducks (F0 generation) were fed Purina® Game Bird Breeder Layena® diets containing mean (±SD) 33.2 (±2.7), 68.9 (±1.8), and 140.9 (± 5.1) μg/g strychnine for 20 weeks, with some pairs in each group fed control diet during a subsequent 3-week recovery period. Three groups (32/group; 16 male-female pairs) of 19-week-old quail (F0 generation) were fed similar diets containing mean (±SD) 279.2 (±10.1), 557.4 (±43.5), and 1,113.6 (±46.6) μg/g …

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Integrated Pest Management Of Black Bear Reforestation Damage, Gary W. Witmer, Dale L. Nolte, William Stewart Jan 2000

Integrated Pest Management Of Black Bear Reforestation Damage, Gary W. Witmer, Dale L. Nolte, William Stewart

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Black bear damage to commercial, coniferous trees on intensively managed public and private forest lands of the Pacific Northwest continues to be a problem for forest managers. Historically, methods such as relocation or spring hunts have been used in an effort to reduce bear density and damage. More recently, supplemental feeding has been used in an attempt to provide for the nutritional needs of bears during the damage period. Alternative silvicultural practices and repellents are being investigated for their ability to reduce the likelihood of bear damage. These and other methods need to be examined for their effectiveness, especially in …

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Cormorant Research And Impacts To Southern Aquaculture, Scott Werner Jan 2000

Cormorant Research And Impacts To Southern Aquaculture, Scott Werner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Several North American waterbird species were negatively affected by compromised environmental quality by the mid-twentieth century. Double-crested cormorant populations responded to increased environmental regulations in the United States in the early 1970s. The abundance of cormorants wintering in southern states (especially Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi) increased concurrently with a marked increase in catfish, crawfish, and bait fish production in these states since 1980, thus increasing regional concern regarding production losses to these industries. Cormorants wintering in Mississippi have increased nearly 225% since 1990. Food habit studies, bioenergetic predictions, and captive-bird foraging experiments indicate that individual cormorants consume approximately 0.5 …

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Evaluation Of Hot Sauce® As A Repellent For Forest Mammals, Kimberly K. Wagner, Dale L. Nolte Jan 2000

Evaluation Of Hot Sauce® As A Repellent For Forest Mammals, Kimberly K. Wagner, Dale L. Nolte

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Foraging by forest mammals can be significantly detrimental to reforestation efforts. Repellents may offer a nonlethal solution for some situations. Hot Sauce® animal repellent uses capsaicin, a trigeminal irritant that should be aversive to most mammals. We conducted a series of tests evaluating the impact of Hot Sauce on foraging by 5 species of forest mammals. In our first study, we examined its potential to reduce browsing by black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Damage to Western redcedar seedlings (Thuja plicata) was initially reduced with application of a 6.2% Hot Sauce solution, but efficacy began to decline after …

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Deer Population Management Through Hunting In A Suburban Nature Area In Eastern Nebraska, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Scott E. Hygnstrom Jan 2000

Deer Population Management Through Hunting In A Suburban Nature Area In Eastern Nebraska, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Scott E. Hygnstrom

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The Fontenelle Forest Nature Area (FF) maintained a hands-off management policy for 30 years until it was recognized that white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations had grown to such levels that they were severely degrading native plant communities. In 1995, members of a community task force decided to sponsor annual nine-day hunting seasons on FF after learning that densities exceeded 28 deer/km2. Archers harvested 85 antlerless deer in the FF upland areas adjacent to residential Bellevue, Nebraska during 1996 to 1998. Muzzleloader hunters removed 53 antlerless deer from the FF lowland areas. Archery and muzzleloader hunters harvested …

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Evaluation Of A Radar-Activated, Demand-Performance Bird Hazing System, Gwen R. Stevens, Jamie Rogue, Richard Weber, Larry Clark Jan 2000

Evaluation Of A Radar-Activated, Demand-Performance Bird Hazing System, Gwen R. Stevens, Jamie Rogue, Richard Weber, Larry Clark

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We evaluated a radar-activated integrated hazing system for the protection of waterfowl at large contaminated ponds at a power plant. The hazing devices in the system included acoustic alarm calls, pyrotechnics and chemical repellents dispersed in the form of a bird tear-gas. Unlike, timed interval systems, or systems with random activation sequences, birds did not habituate to the demand-performance system tested. Over the course of a year, we documented that waterfowl were 12.5 times less likely to fly over the hazed contaminated ponds relative to a non-hazed control pond. Of the waterfowl that did fly over both ponds, the likelihood …

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Urban-Suburban Prairie Dog Management: Opportunities And Challenges, Gary W. Witmer, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Karen Manci, Donna Dees Jan 2000

Urban-Suburban Prairie Dog Management: Opportunities And Challenges, Gary W. Witmer, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Karen Manci, Donna Dees

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The historic range of the black-tailed prairie dog has undergone dramatic declines in the last century, prompting concern about the species' long-term viability. While considered a pest by many, others believe that the species is a "keystone" element of prairie ecosystems. Urban-suburban land managers are challenged with preserving colonies of prairie dogs on public lands while dealing with many conflicting interests, social costs, and risks. We review the management plans that municipalities have designed to reduce conflicts by using public input, zoned management, and a variety of management techniques. Areas of difficulty and research needs are also discussed.

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Wildlife-Caused Losses For Producers Of Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus In 1996, Alice P. Wywialowski Dec 1999

Wildlife-Caused Losses For Producers Of Channel Catfish Ictalurus Punctatus In 1996, Alice P. Wywialowski

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The National Agricultural Statistics Service surveyed by telephone and mail in January and February 1997 all known producers of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus to acquire current information about wildlife-caused losses in calendar year 1996. Many producers tried to prevent wildlife-caused losses of their catfish by shooting (57%), vehicle patrol (55%), or frightening (36%), at an estimated cost of >$5 million. Yet, 69% of catfish produces cited some wildlife-caused losses. Birds were most frequently cited as a cause of losses, and double-crested cormorants Phalacrocorax auritus was the species cited most frequently (53%). The next most frequently cited bids were herons Ardea …

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Resource Partitioning Between Coyotes And Swift Foxes: Space, Time, And Diet, Ann M. Kitchen, Eric M. Gese, Edward R. Schauster Jul 1999

Resource Partitioning Between Coyotes And Swift Foxes: Space, Time, And Diet, Ann M. Kitchen, Eric M. Gese, Edward R. Schauster

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In its current distribution and abundance, the swift fox (Vulpes velox) has been significantly reduced from its historic range. A possible cause is competition with, and predation by, coyotes (Canis latrans). We investigated the level of spatial, temporal, and dietary resource use overlap between swift foxes and coyotes at the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site in southeastern Colorado. We captured and radio-tracked 73 foxes and 24 coyotes from April 1997 to August 1998. We collected 10 832 and 5350 locations of foxes and coyotes, respectively. Overall, home-range sizes of foxes and coyotes were 7.6 ± 0.5 (mean ± SE) …

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Black Bear Damage To Forest Stands In Western Washington, William B. Stewart, Gary W. Witmer, Gary M. Koehler Jul 1999

Black Bear Damage To Forest Stands In Western Washington, William B. Stewart, Gary W. Witmer, Gary M. Koehler

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Cambium-feeding behavior by black bears (Ursus americanus), or bear damage, is a major reforestation problem in the Pacific Northwest. Historically, studies have measured the cumulative effects of damage over time, but few have viewed damage in the frame of one season. Bear damage occurring in 1996 was surveyed in areas of radio-marked bears in western Washington. Fresh damage occurred on 48% of bear location plots (n = 96). Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) (69%), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) (19%), and Pacific silverfir (Abies amabilis) (10%) with a mean dbh of 25.1, 29.5, and 30.7cm, …

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Quality Assurance And The Scientific Method, Ray T. Sterner Jun 1999

Quality Assurance And The Scientific Method, Ray T. Sterner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

As all RMRCSQA members know, during the 1980s the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Food a d Drug Administration (FDA) implemented 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 160/792 and 21 CFR Part 58, respectively. These regulations outlined GLPs for data data collections needed to register pesticides, toxic substances, and drugs in the U.S.; QA concepts fix study oversight Were also described in these parts (see Sterner and Fagerstone, 1997). What you may not have considered is the relationship of these regulations to the scientific method.

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