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Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Investigating Vulnerabilities In The Bluetooth Host Layer In Linux, Jack Dibari Apr 2024

Investigating Vulnerabilities In The Bluetooth Host Layer In Linux, Jack Dibari

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

This paper investigates vulnerabilities within the Bluetooth host layer in Linux systems. It examines the Bluetooth protocol's evolution, focusing on its implementation in Linux, particularly through the BlueZ host software. Various vulnerabilities, including BleedingTooth, BLESA, and SweynTooth, are analyzed.


The Security Of Deep Neural Networks, Jalaya Allen Apr 2024

The Security Of Deep Neural Networks, Jalaya Allen

Cybersecurity Undergraduate Research Showcase

Our society has transitioned from our primitive lifestyle to soon, an increasingly automatic one. That idea is further exemplified as we shift into an AI era, better known as Artificial intelligence. Artificial Intelligence is classified as computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. However, a common thought or question that most might have is, how is this done? How does AI process information the way we want it to and have access to so much information? AI is trained by systems called AI models. These modeling programs are trained on data to recognize patterns or make …


Optimal Control Of Coefficients For The Second Order Parabolic Free Boundary Problems, Ali Hagverdiyev Apr 2024

Optimal Control Of Coefficients For The Second Order Parabolic Free Boundary Problems, Ali Hagverdiyev

Mathematics Colloquium Series

In this talk I will discuss Inverse Stefan type free boundary problem for the second order parabolic equation arising for instance, in modeling of laser ablation of biomedical tissues, where the information on the coefficients, heat flux on the fixed boundary, and density of heat sources are missing and must be found along with the temperature and free boundary. New PDE constrained optimal control framework is employed, where the missing data and the free boundary are components of the control vector, and optimality criteria are based on the final moment measurement of the temperature and position of the free boundary. …


H(Hydrogen)-Alpha Spectral Imaging Of Z>5 Quasars, Pratik Paudel, Mari Hirota, Hyunsung Jun Apr 2024

H(Hydrogen)-Alpha Spectral Imaging Of Z>5 Quasars, Pratik Paudel, Mari Hirota, Hyunsung Jun

Celebration of Research

We aim to measure the H-alpha line excess over the photometric continuum for distant quasi-stellar radio objects, or quasars. Supermassive black holes grow in mass through accretion of stars or gas nearby, often outshining the total stellar light of the galaxies they reside in, for quasars. On the other hand, the structure of these active galactic nuclei are hard to resolve, where we often rely on the relationship in between different light emission regions to better understand the geometry and emission mechanisms. In this work, we measure the H-alpha luminosity of 44 quasars at z>5 (light coming from less …


Metabolic Characterization Of Porcine Hepatocytes, Sophie Swart, Ainslie Robinson, Daiki Jonouchi, Marcus Blankespoor, Kip Cullinan, Zachary Varpness, Ryan Schulze Apr 2024

Metabolic Characterization Of Porcine Hepatocytes, Sophie Swart, Ainslie Robinson, Daiki Jonouchi, Marcus Blankespoor, Kip Cullinan, Zachary Varpness, Ryan Schulze

Celebration of Research

No abstract provided.


The Impact Of Blood Flow Restriction On Heart Rate And Muscle Activation, Janaya Battles, Rajat Singh, Daniel Swier Apr 2024

The Impact Of Blood Flow Restriction On Heart Rate And Muscle Activation, Janaya Battles, Rajat Singh, Daniel Swier

Celebration of Research

Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) is a rehabilitation technique used in physical therapy to improve muscle growth in patients. The technique involves using blood cuffs on the limbs to occlude blood flow within the muscles, thus limiting the buildup of muscle growth inhibitors. The current literature provides information regarding these aspects but is limited in providing information regarding the impact of BFR on neural muscular coordination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how various pressure levels of the BFR cuffs can impact the muscle activation of the restrained muscles and heart rate. Our results have shown that a …


Phun With Phages: Discovering Novel Bacteriophages In The Soil, Julia Kutz, Ryan Dodds, Logan Dykstra, Taylor M. Rentschler, Emma Steinhardt, Megan Vangarven, Jacie Vanderwaal, Shayler Vangelder, Byron Noordewier, Sara S. Tolsma Apr 2024

Phun With Phages: Discovering Novel Bacteriophages In The Soil, Julia Kutz, Ryan Dodds, Logan Dykstra, Taylor M. Rentschler, Emma Steinhardt, Megan Vangarven, Jacie Vanderwaal, Shayler Vangelder, Byron Noordewier, Sara S. Tolsma

Celebration of Research

We used three bacterial hosts: Mycobacterium smegmatis, Microbacterium foliorum, and Gordonia terrae, to isolate novel bacteriophages from soil samples. We named these phages, created high titer lysates, and purified their DNA genomes. We have archived the high titer lysates at Northwestern College and the University of Pittsburgh. The genomes of three of our phages were sequences at the University of Pittsburgh and we will be sequencing the remaining genomes this summer. Additionally, we are planning to image our phages with transmission electron microscopy at the University of Iowa or Nebraska yet this semester.


Heat's Effect On Asphalt Binders Using Nmr, Kaitlin Miles Apr 2024

Heat's Effect On Asphalt Binders Using Nmr, Kaitlin Miles

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-known analytical technique that uses the excitation of nuclear spins for solving chemical structures and conformations. Relaxometry is a special field of NMR spectroscopy where information is gained about interactions of 100 nuclear spins with their molecular surroundings. The deterioration of asphalt is a major infrastructure problem, and its rejuvenation back toward its original virgin state is an important field of research and development. The current asphalt industry relies on visual inspection on site and invasive or destructive physical methods to assess emerging asphalt failures. This study examines the chemical changes environmental factors …


Amorphous Transparent Oxide P-Type Semiconductors, Joshua Santy Apr 2024

Amorphous Transparent Oxide P-Type Semiconductors, Joshua Santy

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

For decades, n-type transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) have been extensively studied and applied in various energy and optoelectronic devices. However, the search for high-performance p-type TCOs, crucial for transparent p-n junctions and next-generation microelectronics - remains uncertain. The most studied p-type TCOs (e.g ., Cu2O-based delafossite family) exhibit the carrier mobilities (<1 cm2Ns) that are much smaller than those in typical n-type TCOs (10-100 cm2Ns). In contrast to the Cu-based layered materials with a relatively flat Cu d10 valence band (resulting in the hole effective mass of 2.5me), Sn2+ in SnO has s2 electronic configuration giving rise to a significantly more dispersed valence band (the hole effective mass is 0.5me) and, hence, to higher hole mobility. Currently, the practical use of SnO is limited due to (i) stability issues of SnO associated with tin preference for valence 4 (as in SnO2, a well-known n-type TCO); (ii) small band gap ~0.7 eV; and (iii) anisotropic hole effective mass in the crystalline phase. Further search for p-type TCOs should involve amorphous phases of SnO-based multi-cation materials where metal composition helps stabilize Sn2+ and open the band gap, whereas the disordered structure is expected to result in uniform isotropic electronic properties and low scattering due to absence of grain boundaries.


Numerical Studies On Bose-Einstein Condensates, Megan Benkendorf Apr 2024

Numerical Studies On Bose-Einstein Condensates, Megan Benkendorf

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter near absolute zero temperature for which all atoms lose their individual properties and condense into a macroscopic coherent "super-wave". The superfluidity of BEC has been the focus of active research since the first experimental realization of BEC in 1995. The recent launch of the Cold Atom Laboratory to the space station on May 21, 2018, has once again drawn spotlights to these fascinating properties of BEC. In this project, we will carry out numerical studies to understand the behavior of exciton-polariton BECs. A modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation is used to model the dynamics …


Enhancing Galaxy Surveys With Machine Learning, Steven Karst Apr 2024

Enhancing Galaxy Surveys With Machine Learning, Steven Karst

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Applications of machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (Al) to problems in astrophysics and cosmology have recently entered a golden era. In response, we have updated two of our recent ML/Al efforts that contribute to galaxy surveys whose main scientific target is to reveal the nature of the Comsic Acceleration or Dark Energy. We first revised our effort to infer cosmological information beyond the survey geometry using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to take advantage of supercomputing resources on campus. We then updated our methods for galaxy target selection in the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) survey with modern reinforcement learning …


Visualization Of Ultracold Atomic Samples, Samuel Schrader Apr 2024

Visualization Of Ultracold Atomic Samples, Samuel Schrader

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Laser cooling techniques have evolved into a powerful experimental tool to perform precision spectroscopy (for instance, atomic clocks), study fundamental few-body dynamics, and create well-controlled systems for quantum information applications. When the atoms are captured, it is critical to analyze the laser-cooled atomic samples carefully and characterize their properties, such as density, temperature, population distribution, etc., in order to perform these advanced tasks. A straightforward way to measure these properties is detecting the visible optical photons emitted from the sample with a camera. Throughout this project, I have written and developed a computer application that controls a camera and extracts …


Application Of T Gates For Anti-Concentration In Clifford Circuits, Matthew Dominicis, Mason Toombs, Gabriel Riddle, Parineeta Puja Saha, Himanth Bobba Apr 2024

Application Of T Gates For Anti-Concentration In Clifford Circuits, Matthew Dominicis, Mason Toombs, Gabriel Riddle, Parineeta Puja Saha, Himanth Bobba

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Our study examines the integration of non-Clifford T gates into randomly generated Clifford circuits to enhance their universal unitary capacity. We investigate the impact of T gates on circuit output randomness, focusing on generating random Clifford circuits and analyzing the effects of T gates. Through simulations and analysis, we assess the effectiveness of this modification in achieving outputs consistent with Anti concentration properties while minimizing the required number of Clifford gates. Our findings provide valuable insights into quantum circuits, with implications for quantum computing applications.


A Fisher Information-Based Approach To Improve Labeling Efficiency Of Neural Network Models In Image Classification, Joshua Caruso Apr 2024

A Fisher Information-Based Approach To Improve Labeling Efficiency Of Neural Network Models In Image Classification, Joshua Caruso

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Active learning is a framework for training machine learning models where the goal is to reduce the number of labels used during training. Neural network models used for image classification require a large training dataset to achieve good accuracy. This project will use active learning to reduce the number of labels needed for training neural network models. We propose to use the Fisher information of the neural network parameters to actively select which images are labelled and included in the training data. A key challenge is the large number of parameters in commonly used neural network models, which significantly increases …


Gender And The Billboard Top 40 Charts Between 1958 And 2023, Brileigh Cates, Justin W. Pope Apr 2024

Gender And The Billboard Top 40 Charts Between 1958 And 2023, Brileigh Cates, Justin W. Pope

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Is there an inherent bias towards male artists in the music industry? Evidence has been shown in previous studies, the most recent being from 2017, that there may be bias towards male artists appearing in Billboard Magazine s Hot 100 list. This study not only updates previous data to include 2017 through 2023, but also looks at the top 40 charts on a week-by-week bias as opposed to the year-end charts that other studies used for their data. We coded each song so as to indicate the gender of the artist(s) as well as whether or not the artists appeared …


Numerical Studies On Bose–Einstein Condensates, Megan Benkendorf Apr 2024

Numerical Studies On Bose–Einstein Condensates, Megan Benkendorf

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter near absolute zero temperature for which all atoms lose their individual properties and condense into a macroscopic coherent "super-wave". The superfluidity of BEC has been the focus of active research since the first experimental realization of BEC in 1995. The recent launch of the Cold Atom Laboratory to the space station on May 21, 2018, has once again drawn spotlights to these fascinating properties of BEC. In this project, we will carry out numerical studies to understand the behavior of exciton-polariton BECs. A modified Gross-Pitaevskii equation is used to model the dynamics …


Effect Of Heat On Virgin And Uv-Aged Asphalt Binders Determined By Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry, Kaitlin Miles Apr 2024

Effect Of Heat On Virgin And Uv-Aged Asphalt Binders Determined By Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry, Kaitlin Miles

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a well-known analytical technique that uses the excitation of nuclear spins for solving chemical structures and conformations. Relaxometry is a special field of NMR spectroscopy where information is gained about interactions of nuclear spins with their molecular surroundings. The deterioration of asphalt is a major infrastructure problem, and its rejuvenation back toward its original virgin state is an important field of research and development. The current asphalt industry relies on visual inspection on site and invasive or destructive physical methods to assess emerging asphalt failures. This study examines the chemical changes environmental factors have …


Enhancing Galaxy Surveys With Machine Learning, Steven Karst Apr 2024

Enhancing Galaxy Surveys With Machine Learning, Steven Karst

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Applications of machine learning (ML) or artificial intelligence (AI) to problems in astrophysics and cosmology have recently entered a golden era. In response, we have updated two of our recent ML/ AI efforts that contribute to galaxy surveys whose main scientific target is to reveal the nature of the Cosmic Acceleration or Dark Energy. We first revised our effort to infer cosmological information beyond the survey geometry using Graph Neural Networks (GNN) to take advantage of supercomputing resources on campus. We then updated our reinforcement learning methods for galaxy target selection in the Subaru Prime Focus Spectrograph (PFS) survey with …


Quantifying Asphalt Binder Uv Effects With Relaxometry, Rosalee Brown Apr 2024

Quantifying Asphalt Binder Uv Effects With Relaxometry, Rosalee Brown

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Asphalt deterioration involves many physical and chemical changes caused by environmental factors such as automotive strain, extreme heat, and UV exposure. Asphalt binder assessment in the industry is currently based on structurally destructive testing methods and tests of physical performance without accounting for chemical structure. An emerging evaluation of asphalt binder uses relaxometry, a field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, to directly observe how asphalt binder is changed by causes of deterioration such as UV exposure. NMR relaxometry explores nuclear spins' interactions with their environment. This noninvasive method can provide a detailed view into the chemical environment of virgin …


Visualizing C. Elegans Population Dynamics, Kevin Lai, Chubi Adejoh, Yug Patel Apr 2024

Visualizing C. Elegans Population Dynamics, Kevin Lai, Chubi Adejoh, Yug Patel

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

In biological research, understanding the life cycles of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is pivotal for insights into developmental biology, genetics, and population dynamics. Our team developed a software tool that enhances the accessibility and interpretability of C. elegans population dynamics simulations. This tool is designed to complement an existing simulator that models each worm individually, tracking its progression through various life stages including egg, larva, adult, dauer, and death. The software transforms simulation data into a directed graph for visualization. This graphical representation delineates the life cycle transitions of C. elegans but also dynamically adjusts to reflect the population density …


The History Of The Billboard Hot 100 And Its Process, Brileigh Cates Apr 2024

The History Of The Billboard Hot 100 And Its Process, Brileigh Cates

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

The Billboard Hot 100 has been around for decades, and it is believed without much accreditation. What really is Billboard, and why is it so popular? Why have other charting companies not taken up as much popularity? How does Billboard determine the popularity of artists? How has this changed with the introduction of the internet? This research project addresses all of these question, allowing the validity of the data collection to be addressed.


The Search For The Akwamu People In The Americas, 1729-1733, Ben Brown, Justin Pope Apr 2024

The Search For The Akwamu People In The Americas, 1729-1733, Ben Brown, Justin Pope

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This Poster presentation attempts to trace the journey of one nation of Africans into the Americas. In 1729, the Akwamu Empire, in modern day Ghana, West Africa, suffered a terrible collapse. Rival African armies enslaved thousands of Akwamu subjects and sold them to European slavers on the Gold Coast. This nation later led the biggest island wide slave revolt prior to the age of revolution in the Americas. Using primary and secondary resources such as the "Transatlantic Slave Trade Database," we will attempt to identify the European slave ships that purchased enslaved Akwamu people and trace their journey into the …


Effects Of Reproduction On Senescence In Local Species, Nathan Smith Apr 2024

Effects Of Reproduction On Senescence In Local Species, Nathan Smith

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Understanding the impact of reproduction on the aging process within species populations remains an ongoing challenge in ecological and evolutionary research. In this study, we aim to clarify the relationship between reproduction and senescence using agent-based modeling using wild species data sets. Our objectives include investigating how variations in reproductive rates influence the lifespan and aging trajectories of individuals within populations, as well as identifying potential mechanisms underlying these effects. We will employ agent-based modeling to simulate populations and explore the dynamics of reproduction and senescence using publicly available datasets of local wild species. By manipulating parameters related to reproductive …


Ta Theoretical Framework For Comparing Rlhf Method, Matthew Dominicis Apr 2024

Ta Theoretical Framework For Comparing Rlhf Method, Matthew Dominicis

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) can be used as a means to align Al agents and Large Language Models (LLM) to better represent human expectations. There is a myriad of RLHF methods that exist, however it is difficult to benchmark and compare such methods in terms of alignment, training cost, data collection cost, and other metrics. This project aims to create a robust classification for different RLHF methods from a theoretical point of view. Additionally, this project will attempt to propose bounds for the degree of influence on LLMs that stems from human feedback. Open source LLMs will be …


Simulating Inter-Species Competition In C. Elegans, Kevin Lai Apr 2024

Simulating Inter-Species Competition In C. Elegans, Kevin Lai

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

In biological research, understanding the life cycles of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is pivotal for insights into developmental biology, genetics, and population dynamics. Our project builds on Worm-Pop, a Python-based multi-agent simulation of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) , to enhance its capabilities in simulating survival strategies, reproductive success, and genetic drift. The current model simulates a uniform population without inter-agent interactions. I plan to introduce multiple species of worms into the simulation to study competitive dynamics and determine which variants are most successful under various conditions. Pheromones significantly influence C. elegans behavior, affecting mating, foraging, and social interactions. To address …


Iron Doped Zeolitic Materials For Propane Dehydrogenation Catalyst, Emily Cahill, Amitava Choudhury Apr 2024

Iron Doped Zeolitic Materials For Propane Dehydrogenation Catalyst, Emily Cahill, Amitava Choudhury

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This research describes the synthesis of iron-doped zeolitic catalysts for the transformation of propane to propylene. The goal of this research is to develop a dehydrogenation catalyst to convert shale-gas derived cheap propane feedstock to economically valuable propylene, while at the same time making this catalyst sustainable and non-toxic to the environment. Fedoped zeolitic frameworks have shown promising activity in percentage of conversion and in selectivity. In our study we analyzed zeolites ZSM-5 and AIP0-5. These were chosen because they have differences in pore structure , channel sizes, and connectivity between channels. Most importantly the differences in the chemistry as …


Cytokinesis And Dbf2, Katharine Gray, Katie Shannon Apr 2024

Cytokinesis And Dbf2, Katharine Gray, Katie Shannon

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

During cell division, the cytoplasm must be divided between the parent and daughter cell. The Mitotic Exit Network (MEN) is a signaling pathway that allows a dividing cell to exit mitosis and complete cytokinesis. Obf2 is a MEN protein kinase in yeast, which provides a simplified model for studying this conserved pathway. By regulating Dbf2s' activity through phosphorylation mutants, its effect on cytokinesis can be studied. Cells were viewed under a microscope, to visualize division errors. Yeast cells that fail to complete cytokinesis will form chains, as the budding daughter cells fail to separate from their parents. Chains of 3 …


Laser Ablation Pulsing On A Cp-Ftmw, Harrison Hawxby Apr 2024

Laser Ablation Pulsing On A Cp-Ftmw, Harrison Hawxby

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

The goal of this research is to study metal containing molecules in the gas phase for structural determination. In order to do this, a metal rod that is turning on a 12V motor is struck by a Nd:YAG laser. Rotational spectra were recorded on a chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer (CP-FTMW) with laser ablation sourcing. Along the way, maintenance on the setup was required, new code was written to accommodate for new problems, as well as production and parametrization of the gas to optimize signal.


Effect Of Morphology As A Function Of The K-Index On The Drug Loading And Release Profiles In Polyurea And Poly(Isocyanurate-Urethane) Aerogels, Kamden J. George, Stephen Y. Owusu, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis Apr 2024

Effect Of Morphology As A Function Of The K-Index On The Drug Loading And Release Profiles In Polyurea And Poly(Isocyanurate-Urethane) Aerogels, Kamden J. George, Stephen Y. Owusu, Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

This study explores the potential to predict the drug loading and release profiles of aerogels based on their morphologies: a milestone in drug delivery research which can help save time and cost invested in formulating new aerogel drug carriers and cut-down evaluation of the drug delivery capabilities of aerogels to a few experimental runs. Polyurea (PUA) and poly (isocyanurate-urethane) (PIR-PUR) aerogels were used as model systems while 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and paracetamol (PM) were used as model drugs. These model systems were chosen because they can be synthesized into different morphologies identified by the so-called K-index (contact angle:porosity). The model drugs …


Stripe Order, Impurities, And Symmetry Breaking In A 3-Dimensional Model Of A Diluted Frustrated Magnet, James Elverson, Thomas Vojta Apr 2024

Stripe Order, Impurities, And Symmetry Breaking In A 3-Dimensional Model Of A Diluted Frustrated Magnet, James Elverson, Thomas Vojta

Undergraduate Research Conference at Missouri S&T

Many quantum materials feature low-temperature phases that break realspace symmetries in addition to spin or charge symmetries. Examples include stripe phases in cuprate superconductors, nematic phases in iron pnictides, and spin-density waves in magnetic materials. Realistic materials always contain some quenched disorder or randomness. To understand the effect of disorder on phases that break real-space symmetries, we investigate the influence of spinless impurities on a frustrated 3-dimensional J 1-J2 Ising model through Monte Carlo simulations. Spin less impurities generate random field type disorder for the spin-density wave (stripe) phase in this system. Whereas the long-range stripe order is destroyed by …