Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Intraseasonal To Interannual Variations Of The Temperature Structure Around The Tropical Tropopause And Their Relationships With Convective Activities, Eriko Nishimoto

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

Space-time variability in the tropical tropopause temperatures and its relationship with convective activities are examined by using the ERA40/ERA-interim re-analysis and NOAA/OLR data sets. Low temperatures around the tropical tropopause generally occur over the equator and extend northwestward and southwestward in the subtropics to form the horseshoe-shaped structure. This structure resembles a stationary wave response known as the Matsuno-Gill pattern, which is a superposition of the Rossby and Kelvin responses. Because of this, the two preliminary indices are first defined to represent the two responses. The horseshoe-shaped structure index is then calculated from the two indices. The seasonal and interannual …

The Dehydration Process In The Tropical Tropopause Layer, Moe Yamaki

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

Water vapor contributes to the radiation budget of earth and the photochemistry of ozone. Therefore, it is important to understand the variation of water vapor in the research of global warming and ozone depletion. Noting that the saturation water vapor mixing ratio in the Cold-Point Tropopause (CPT) is not always a good estimate of water amount entering the stratosphere, Selkirk et al. (2010) defined the Tropopause Saturation Layer (TSL) using the cryogenic frostpoint hygrometer data taken in the tropical eastern Pacific during Northern Hemisphere summer. In the present study, the effectiveness of TSL is examined by using the SOWER data …

Testing The Role Of Radiation In Determining Tropical Cloud Top Temperature, Bryce Harrop

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

Tropical anvil clouds that detrain near the mixing barrier near 13km in the tropics have a strong effect on the longwave and shortwave energy budgets of Earth. A cloud-resolving model is used to test the Fixed Anvil Temperature (FAT) Hypothesis proposed by Hartmann and Larson (2002). Results show that the radiative cooling, primarily due to water vapor, is the strongest control of the anvil cloud detrainment temperature. Water vapor concentrations are largely controlled by temperature, so, following the FAT hypothesis, the cloud detrainment should follow a fixed temperature. The results also show, however, that ozone contributes a significant heating rate …

Cirrus And Water Vapor Transport In The Tropical Tropopause Layer: A Modeling Study, Tra Dinh

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

In simulations of tropical-tropopause-layer (TTL) cirrus forced by a large-scale equatorial Kelvin wave, we show that the radiatively induced mesoscale dynamics in these clouds actively contributes to vertical transport of water vapor. In a typical TTL cirrus, the heating that results from absorption of radiation by ice crystals induces a mesoscale circulation. Advection of water vapor by the radiatively induced circulation leads to upward advection of the cloudy air. Upward advection of the cloudy air is equivalent to upward transport of water vapor when the air above the cloud is drier than the cloudy air. On the other hand, ice …

Analysis Of The Tropical Tropopause Layer Using The Global Nonhydrostatic Atmospheric Model, Hiroyasu Kubokawa

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Analysis Of The Ttl Cirrus And Their Convective Origin - A Water Perspective, Tao Wang, Andrew Dessler

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

Two mechanisms are thought to be primarily responsible for the formation of cirrus in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL): detrainment from deep convective anvils and in situ initiation. By analyzing water vapor measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and ice water content measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), we identify TTL cirrus that contain too much ice to have been formed in situ—and therefore must be of convective origin. Analyzing 3 years of CALIPSO measurements (2008–2010), we found three maxima in the occurrence of convective cirrus: equatorial Africa, the tropical western Pacific, and …

The Representation Of The Ttl In A Tropical Channel Version Of Wrf Model, Stephanie Evan

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

In this study, the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model is used to investigate key physical processes controlling the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) temperature and water vapor distributions in December-January-February (DJF) 2006. The model domain is configured as a tropical channel with a horizontal grid-spacing of 37 km, a vertical grid-spacing of 500 m and a top at 0.1 hPa. Initial and boundary conditions are set using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis Interim data. An ozone distribution computed from satellite and ozonesonde measurements is used for radiative forcing calculations.

The modelʼs ability to replicate observed TTL temperature variability …

Water Vapor And Cloud Formation In The Ttl: Simulation Results Vs. Satellite Observations, Tao Wang, Andrew Dessler, Mark Schoeberl

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

Driven by analyzed winds and temperature, domain-filling forward trajectory calculations are used to reproduce water vapor and cloud formations in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). As with most Lagrangian models of this type, excess water vapor is instantaneously removed from the parcel to keep the relative humidity with respect to ice from exceeding a specified (super) saturation level. The dehydration occurrences serve as an indication of where and when cloud forms. Convective moistening through ice lofting and gravity waves are also included in our simulations as mechanisms that could affect water vapor abundances and cloud formations in the TTL. Our …

Constraining Middle Atmospheric Mositure In Geos-5 Using Eos-Mls Observations, Jianjun Jin

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

On The Turbulent Mixing And Ozone Variations Around The Tropical Tropopause Associated With Kelvin Waves, Kazunari Koishi

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

The observed variations of ozone around the tropical tropopause layer in relation to large-scale waves both in the altitude and isentropic coordinates were examined by analyzing ozonesondes provided by SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes). Because ozone near this level can be used for the tracer of atmospheric motion, we regarded an ozone enhancement as the signal of a turbulent mixing. Focusing on the vertical fine structure of ozone and temperature, this study presents observed variations of 10 stations near the equator. Based on the signals of Kelvin waves (an eastward-traveling component of equatorial waves) which is filtered in the spectral-frequency …

Data Assimilation, Kazuyuki Miyazaki

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Simulations (Idealized To Global), Eric Jensen

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Satellite Observations, Masato Shiotani

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Ground Based Observations, Fumio Hasebe, Takashi Shibata

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

In-Situ Aircraft Observations, Karen Rosenlof

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Stratospheric Dynamics (Including Waves), Joan Alexander

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Trace Species And Chemistry (Besides Water), Anne Thompson

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Ttl Transport & Wave Processes, Masatomo Fujiwara

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Water Vapor, William Randel

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Cirrus Clouds And Convection In The Ttl, Leonard Pfister

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Ttl Overview And Radiative Transfer, Andrew Gettelman

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Streamflow Separation To Estimate Daily Unregulated Streamflow Of Ungauged Watersheds In The Coastal Plains Of Southeastern United States, H Ssegane, D M. Amatya, E W. Tollner, J E. Nettles

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management

Indicators Of Hydrologic Permanence In Headwater Streams Of South Carolina, William R. Wenerick, Ken M. Fritz, Mitch S. Kostich

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management

Water Supply Planning: Finding Our Hidden Reservoirs, Rebecca L. Haynes

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management

Fish Health In The Reedy-Saluda Watershed, As Measured Through Biochemical Markers, Peter Van Den Hurk, Jessica Mierzejewski, Lindsay Gerzel, Dennis C. Haney

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management

Hydrologic Influences Within A Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetland, Brooke V. James, Carl C. Trettin, Timothy J. Callahan

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management

A Case Study In Watershed-Based Plan Development And Implementation For The May River Watershed In Bluffton, Sc, Kimberly W. Jones, Ronald Bullman

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management

Spatially Explicit Decision Support For Watershed Management On Military Lands: Stream Integrity, Interactive Programming, And Best Management Practices, J Pike, D Lipscomb, R Baldwin, W English

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management

Turning Analysis Into Action: Targeting Likely Sources Of Watershed Impairment, Katy R. Beckham, Christine Boring, Mark White

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management

Genetic Sequencing Methodologies To Assess Human Contributions Of Fecal Coliforms To A Freshwater Receiving Stream, D A. Graves, D E. Chestnut, E B. Rabon, W J. Jones, J G. Moore, C Johnston

S.C. Water Resources Conference

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Management