Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Planning A Safety Study Of An Agricultural Product: Effects Of Land Application Of Phosphogypsum On Radon Flux, Ramon C. Littell, Sudeep Kundu

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Traditional agricultural research has been concerned largely with demonstrating that new products or new practices increase yield from plants or animals; i.e. that a change has occurred. Concepts of experimental design have been effectively employed in production-agriculture research planning to control extraneous variation and thereby reduce experimental error. Good data analysis practices have been employed to control type 1 error rate and to correctly compute errors of estimation. In recent years, increased emphasis has been placed on food safety and environmental impact of agricultural products. Studies of these issues are concerned with measuring small effects with required precision or establishing …

A Simple Alternative To The Standard Statistical Model For The Analysis Of Field Experiments With Latin Square Designs, C. Philip Cox, Jeff B. Meeker

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Latin Square (LS) designs have long been advocated for field crop experiments on the grounds that '. . . soil fertility and other variations in two directions are controlled.' As counter-evidence, the published standard analyses of eight LS experiments showed that in only two did the sum of squares for both between-rows and between-columns account for appreciable background variability.

Regarding the background concomitant variability as a continuous surface to which treatment effects are additive, it is suggested that a contributory shortcoming of the standard model is that it admits only a restricted class of surfaces because parameters for warp, or …

Designed Experiments In The Presence Of Spatial Correlation, David B. Marx

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Soil heterogeneity is generally the major cause of variation in plot yield data and the difficulty of its interpretation. If a large degree of variability is present at a test site, some method of controlling it must be found. Controlling experimental variability can be achieved either by good experimental design or by analysis procedures which account for the spatial correlation. Classical designs are only moderately equipped to adjust for spatially correlated data. More complex designs including nearest neighbor designs, Williams designs, and certain restricted Latin square designs are developed for field experimentation when spatial correlation causes classical designs to be …

Confidence Intervals For Soil Properties Based On Differing Statistical Assumptions, Fred J. Young, R. David Hammer, Jon M. Maatta

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Agricultural soil management is becoming increasingly precise as technology advances and as environmental concerns increase. Soil surveys are a readily available source of soils information, but soil properties are reported as generalized values or generic ranges. A need exists to define the central tendencies of soil properties in a rigorous, quantified fashion. Statistically, the central tendency is best expressed as confidence intervals about means or medians. Transect sampling was used to collect data on soil properties within a soil survey map unit. Key questions for data analysis include assumptions of independence within transects and normality. The choice of statistical method …

A Markov Chain Model To Assess Resistance Of Cattle To Horn Flies, Edward Gbur, C. Dayton Steelman

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

The horn fly is an economically important external permanent parasite of cattle. As part of a research project focused on alternatives to chemical control of the horn fly, a study was conducted to determine the degree of innate resistance of individual cattle to the horn fly. A fly resistant cow was defined as one whose horn fly counts were in the lower quartile of the weekly fly count distributions for a herd more often than would be expected by chance. A Markov chain model was formulated and a small sample test for fly resistance was developed. The model and procedure …

Statistical Analysis Of Genotype-By-Environment Interaction Using The Ammi Model And Stability Estimates, Bahman Shafii, William J. Price

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Understanding the implication of genotype-by-environment (GE) interaction structure is an important consideration in plant breeding programs. A significant GE interaction for a quantitative trait such as yield can seriously limit efforts in selecting superior genotypes for both new crop introduction and improved cultivar development. Traditional statistical analyses of yield trials provide little or no insight into the particular pattern or structure of the GE interaction. The Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) statistical model incorporates both additive and multiplicative components of the two-way data structure which can account more effectively for the underlying interaction patterns. Integrating results obtained from …

Utilization Of The Line-Intercept Method To Estimate The Coverage, Density, And Average Length Of Row Skips In Cotton And Other Row Crops, Jeffrey L. Willers, Sreenivasa R. Yatham, Michael R. Williams, Dennis C. Akins

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

In row crops, a skip is a length of row within the drill where the crop has failed to establish. If the number of skips and their mean length per acre becomes too high, then considerable losses in crop yield occur. Frequently, farmers are faced with the decision to replant a crop which has row skips. To make the best decision, reliable estimates of the stand loss due to skips must be available. In making this decision, three parameters are useful: the percent of the area per acre that is skipped, the number of individual skips (that is, density) per …

Prevalence Rate Differences Based On Herdmate Comparisons, Jerome M. Sacks, Randall C. Cutlip, Amy L. Weaver, Howard D. Lehmkuhl

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

A non-random survey of ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) seropositive prevalence rates among 16,827 sheep in 29 states in the United states revealed large breed differences, a higher prevalence rate among older sheep and an unexplainable female rate that was more that three times the male rate. The herdmate comparison procedure, successfully used in evaluating dairy bulls, was adapted to compare the prevalence of a breed to the rate of its herdmates within herds. Likewise, sex and age differences in OPP prevalence were compared within herds that contained animals of both sexes and several ages. Using herdmate comparisons, breed and age …

Studying Herbicide Resistance Using Treatment Area Dynamics Model, Agam N. Sinha, Dale L. Shaner

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Repeated use of a herbicide or herbicides with the same mode of action on a particular crop over a number of years may cause the selection of herbicide resistant weed populations. As a result effective weed control is lost which can seriously affect crop yield and quality. The selection of herbicide resistant weed populations is a concern not only for crop-growers, but also the manufacturers of the affected herbicides. In the present paper a two-step procedure is developed to identify the herbicide resistant activity in a particular crop growing region by estimating the resistant areas (in acres/hectares) in a given …

Co-Effect Analysis Of Variance: A New Method For Unbalanced Data, Andre Plante

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

For fixed-effect models one can always, according to the Gauss-Markov Theorem, uniquely determine independent variables called source identifiers, each corresponding to a source of variation. When linearly combined, source identifiers can generate all possible expected values for the response variable. The co-effect method uses regression of the response variable on source identifiers. Corresponding regression coefficients are, by definition, unbiased estimates of co-effects, and satisfy the same restrictions as those imposed on main effects and interaction effects in standard analysis of variance. with balanced data, co-effect analysis gives results identical to those of the standard method; with unbalanced data, however, results …

Beyond Linearity And Independence, J. Stuart Hunter

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

This brief lecture discusses statistical problems associated with postulating and fitting models in engineering and the sciences. Particular emphasis is placed on the two-model problem: the employment of both deterministic and stochastic components within a model. Further, the use of empirical versus theoretical models on the part of both statisticians and experimenters is examined.

Editor's Preface, Table Of Contents, And List Of Attendees, George A. Milliken

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

These proceedings contain papers presented at the fourth annual Kansas State University Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture, held in Manhattan, Kansas, April 26 through 28, 1992.

Bill #92-12-S - Construction Of Recycling Center Wall, Wku Student Government Association

Student Government Association

Bill to build a wall to enclose the recycling center.

Bill #92-05-S - Recycling Drop-Off Center, Wku Student Government Association

Student Government Association

Bill regarding the creation of a recycling center.

Dollars And Sense Of Alfalfa: Marketing Your High Yield, High Quality Alfalfa At High Prices, David C. Petritz

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

It seems every farmer wants to be in the commercial hay business--growing hay for the cash market. Have you ever stopped to think about the amount of hay that would be produced if everyone who talked about producing hay actually produced hay?

Chemical, Biological And Machinery Aids For Quality Haymaking, Michael Collins

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Hay and pasture crops are critical to Kentucky Agriculture and to that of the entire temperate region of the US. The sale of cattle, calves and dairy products provide 29% of Kentucky's farm income compared with 23% for tobacco. Beef cow-calf enterprises comprise the majority of cattle numbers in the state, however, dairy production is also significant. A substantial horse industry exists in Kentucky which is an excellent market for high quality alfalfa hay. At present a substantial amount of alfalfa for horse feeding in the state is imported.

Alfalfa In My Cash Hay Operation, Nicky Baker

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

I'm Nicky Baker, a fifth generation farmer from the Fredonia Valley's area in Western Kentucky. My current farming operation consists of 65 acres alfalfa, 100 · acres of row crops, (basically a corn, wheat, soybean double-crop rotation) and 2.5 acres of burley tobacco. I also have a 50 cow beef herd.

I remember having alfalfa on our farm before the weevil days of the '60's caused farmers to stop growing it. In those days, most of the farms had alfalfa and the majority of them had dairy cattle. The grain explosion of the '70's further curtailed alfalfa acreage, thereby providing …

Alfalfa In Our Horse Operation, Ben H. Crawford

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

"There's nothing better for the inside of man than the outside of a horse and there's nothing better for the inside of a horse than alfalfa hay".

Our operation consists of approximately 500 acres of rolling clay land. We lease an additional 100+ acres for alfalfa and other hay production. Our rotational program includes com, soybeans, wheat, oats followed by either red cloverorchardgrass or alfalfa-orchardgrass for hay and pasture.

Alfalfa In The Shirley Dairy Operation, Gary Tilghman, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Mr. Larry Thomas Shirley grew up on a small dairy farm in southern Barren County, Kentucky where they milked 25 cows by hand. In 1960 he graduated from Austin-Tracy High School and attended Western Kentucky University for 2 years. He has also taken several other hours of class time at night. In 1962, he married Martha Spillman and they have 3 children; Debra 26, John 14 and Ben 11.

Mr. Shirley's first job was as a computer operator for Malone & Hyde, a wholesale grocery company. He worked in this position from 1962-1968. In 1968 he worked for Glasgow Manufacturing …

Alfalfa In My Beef Operation, Jay Quisenberry

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

I have had two failures seeding alfalfa in the past few years. Once I seeded into land that had been in no-till com only one year. I found that fescue came back into that stand of alfalfa and took it in several years. Another time I seeded alfalfa into land that had been in com for a few years but had not been seeded down properly. I thought I could no-till alfalfa in that piece of ground and there would not be too much competition. But I was wrong again. I realize that both times I could have come back …

Alfalfa In Beef Backgrounding Programs, G. D. Cantrill

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa can be a very important part of most beef backgrounding operations. Today I want to look at two ideas about alfalfa.

First, why we should consider making alfalfa our most important crop on a farm that's backgrounding. Secondly, what are some of the ways to best utilize the alfalfa we do produce?

We can say a lot of positive things about why alfalfa can be important to a beef backgrounder. In preparing for this presentation, I talked with several producers about why they grow and feed alfalfa. Most often I came away with the thought: Alfalfa improves cash flow.

Advances In Grazing Alfalfa, Charles T. Dougherty

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Many farmers are reluctant to develop a new enterprise based on the grazing of alfalfa if they have had no experience with grazing of this species. Their first negative reaction is usually based on their fear of legume bloat. Often their second reaction is that grazing will destroy the alfalfa stand in short order. Another response is that grazing is a wasteful and inefficient use of a valuable resource generating less income than conventional uses, such as hay and silage. Another reaction is based on the fear Alfalfa grazing, according to other sceptics, also requires lots of capital for fencing …

Is Ridomil Recommended When Seeding Alfalfa?, Paul C. Vincelli

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Ridomil 2E® fungicide received a federal label in 1991 for control of seedling diseases of alfalfa caused by Pythium and Phytophthora fungi. Pythium fungi are widespread in Kentucky soils but can be controlled with Apron^® seed treatment. Phytophthora is less common in Kentucky soils. Where present, Phytophthora can usually be controlled with a combination of resistant varieties and Apron seed treatment. Occasionally, yield increases may be observed using Ridomil in fields highly infested with Phytophthora. However, broadcast applications of Ridomil at seeding are not recommended for most alfalfa fields in Kentucky.

Alfalfa Varieties, Jimmy C. Henning, Linda Brown, Garry D. Lacefield, Leonard M. Lauriault

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the highest yielding, highest quality legume forage crop raised in Kentucky. This crop forms the basis of Kentucky's cash hay enterprise and is an important component in dairy, horse, beef and sheep diets. In 1990, 320,000 acres of alfalfa were produced in Kentucky, averaging 3.4 tons of dry matter yield per acre. At $75 per ton, the value of this alfalfa to Kentucky farmers would be $81.6 million.

This report will provide current yield data on alfalfa varieties currently in the Kentucky Alfalfa Variety Trials. Also, guidelines on selecting alfalfa varieties will be discussed.

Foreword [1992], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

The Effect Of Design And Dose Level Choice On Estimatlng The Optimal Dose In A Quantitative Dose-Response Experiment, Henry R. Rolka, George A. Milliken, James R. Schwenke, Marta Remmenga

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

D-optimality is a commonly used criterion to evaluate a design with respect to parameter estimation. The variance of the optimal dose estimate is another criterion for evaluating a design. The quantitative dose-response experiment involves fitting a model to data and estimating an optimal dose. Two techniques for estimating an optimal dose and three models are used to compare the variances of optimal dose estimates over nine equally spaced balanced designs and five fixed unequally spaced six-point designs. The results show that a design which is more D-optimal than another design does not necessarily produce optimal dose estimates with less variance.

Analysis Of Genotype X Environment Interaction By Graphical Techniques, George C.J. Fernandez

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Genotype x Environment interactions results from the changes in the magnitude of differences among genotypes (non-crossover or quantitative interactions) or changes in the relative ranking of the genotypes (crossover or qualitative interactions) in different environments. Non-crossover interactions are usually associated with variance heterogeneity and non-additivity. The analysis of variance combined with joint regression analysis failed to differentiate between the crossover and non-crossover interactions. Tedious computations are necessary in comparisons of all possible pairs of genotypes in all possible pairs of environments in the crossover detection tests. Therefore, differentiating the non-crossover interaction caused by variance heterogeneity and non-additivity from crossover interaction …

Analysis Of The Spatial Distribution Of Sugarbeet Plants, Stephen D. Kachman, John A. Smith

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

The spatial distribution of emerged sugarbeet plants is an important aspect of the performance of sugarbeet planters. Three major components influencing the spatial distribution are the ability to drop a single seed at a time, the ability to drop the seeds a fixed distance apart, and the ability of the seed to emerge. A model has been developed to describe the distribution of the spacing between emerged sugarbeet plants. The model consists of a mixture of normal and gamma distributions. The spatial data consists of the distance between neighboring emerged plants. Spatial data was collected on 7 planters operated at …

Evaluation Of Four Covariate Types Used For Adjustment Of Spatial Variability, Paul N. Hinz, John P. Lagus

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

Four types of covariates are used to account for spatial variability in data from a field experiment for evaluating 620 soybean varieties for iron chlorosis. The covariates are calculated as the average of 4 and of 14 neighboring residuals and of 4 and of 14 neighboring observations. The residual mean square from the analysis of covariance was smaller' when residuals were used in calculation of the covariates than when observations were used. Moreover, use of 14 neighbors resulted in smaller residual mean squares than did use of 4 neighbors. Differences among 4 covariate types were small and not practically important. …

Multi-Product Dry Milling Yields Prediction When Products Are Not Independent, Aziz Bouzaher, Alicia L. Carriquiry

Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture

The yield of products in the dry milling industry is largely determined by the physical properties of the corn kernel. The main objective of this paper is to investigate several statistical models of dry milling yield prediction based on physical characteristics of corn. Data consisting of one hundred corn samples representing a range of genetic traits and quality differences are used. For each corn sample, sixteen physical and chemical properties together with six dry milling product yields were measured, in a controlled laboratory environment .

For each corn sample, we consider a vector of dry milling product yields, and a …