Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Re: Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 74 – West Gagnon Dump., Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 125 – Child Harold-2 Dump., Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Re: Butte Priority Soils Operable Unit (Bpsou) Final Insufficiently Reclaimed Sites Field Sampling Plan (Fsp) Bres No. 121 – Travona Dump., Mike Mcanulty

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.

Breaking The Causality Limit For Broadband Acoustic Absorption Using A Noncausal Active Absorber, Kangkang Wang, Sipei Zhao, Chen Shen, Haishan Zou, Jing Lu, Andrea Alu

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

The principle of causality imposes a constraint between the thickness and bandwidth of absorbers. This trade-off applies to any linear, time-invariant, passive system, limiting the development of broadband-absorbing materials that demand a thin profile for sound, light, and radio waves. Here, we demonstrate a strategy to overcome this constraint in acoustics using a noncausal active absorber whose response is controlled over time. A theoretical framework is established, which sets a relation among minimum thickness, bandwidth, and a priori information about the incident signal, representing a relaxed physical bound for noncausal absorbers. We design an absorber based on this principle and …

Ethical Challenges And Solutions Of Generative Ai: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, Inseiw@Gmail.Com, Al-Kfairy, Mousa (Zayed University; College Of Technological Innovation, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates;, Inseiw@Gmail.Com, Omar.Alfandi@Zu.Ac.Ae, ;, Omar.Alfandi@Zu.Ac.Ae

All Works

This paper conducts a systematic review and interdisciplinary analysis of the ethical challenges of generative AI technologies (N = 37), highlighting significant concerns such as privacy, data protection, copyright infringement, misinformation, biases, and societal inequalities. The ability of generative AI to produce convincing deepfakes and synthetic media, which threaten the foundations of truth, trust, and democratic values, exacerbates these problems. The paper combines perspectives from various disciplines, including education, media, and healthcare, underscoring the need for AI systems that promote equity and do not perpetuate social inequalities. It advocates for a proactive approach to the ethical development of AI, emphasizing …

Syntheses, Characterizations And Reactions Of Acene-2,3-Dicarbaldehydes, Glen Miller, Qian Liu

Faculty Publications

Here, we report improved syntheses, detailed characterizations and reactions of a series of acene-2,3- dicarbaldehydes including tetracene-2,3-dicarbaldehyde. DFT calculations corroborate and complement the experimental results. Tetracene-2,3-dicarbaldehyde and the benchmark organic semiconductor pentacene have isoelectronic p-systems and similar HOMO–LUMO gaps. Tetracene-2,3-dicarbaldehyde is soluble in a host of organic solvents (e.g., DMF, toluene, THF, chloroform, dichloromethane) and shows excellent photooxidative resistance in solution phases exposed to light and air. Further, it is readily sublimed from the solid-state without decomposition, and can be functionalized using different chemistries. We have demonstrated the utility of acene-2,3-dicarbaldehydes as reactants in the syntheses of novel diaryl-2,3-acenedimethanols and …

Revolutionizing Wild Silk Fibers: Ultrasound Enhances Structure, Properties, And Regenerability Of Protein Biomaterials In Ionic Liquids., Xincheng Zhuang, Haomiao Zhu, Fang Wang, Xiao Hu

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

Ultrasound-assisted regulation of biomaterial properties has attracted increasing attention due to the unique reaction conditions induced by ultrasound cavitation. In this study, we explored the fabrication of wild tussah silk nanofiber membranes via ultrasound spray spinning from an ionic liquid system, characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angle, cytocompatibility tests, and enzymatic degradation studies. We investigated the effects of ultrasound propagation in an ionic liquid on the morphology, structure, thermal and mechanical properties, surface hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability …

Green Synthesis Of Carbonized Chitosan-Fe3o4-Sio2 Nano-Composite For Adsorption Of Heavy Metals From Aqueous Solutions, Dalia A. Ali Eng, Rinad Galal Ali Eng.

Chemical Engineering

Water pollution with heavy metals owing to industrial and agricultural activities have become a critical dilemma to humans, plants as well as the marine environment. Therefore, it is of great importance that the carcinogenic heavy metals present in wastewater to be eliminated through designing treatment technologies that can remove multiple pollutants. A novel green magnetic nano-composite called (Carbonized Chitosan-Fe3O4-SiO2) was synthesized using Co-precipitation method to adsorb a mixture of heavy metal ions included; cobalt (Co2+), nickel (Ni2+) and copper (Cu2+) ions from aqueous solutions. The novelty of this study was the synthesis of a new

nano-composite which was green with …

2024 August 8 - Tennessee Weekly Drought Summary, Tennessee Climate Office, East Tennessee State University

Tennessee Climate Office Weekly Drought Summaries

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Land Use Dynamics On The Water Yields In The Gorgan River Basin, Masoomeh Yaghoobi, Aram Fathi, Shahryar Fazli, Wenzhao Li, Elham Haghshenas, Vahid Shokri Kuchak, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

This research investigates the future dynamics of water yield services in the Gorgan River Basin in the North of Iran by analyzing land cover changes from 1990 to 2020, using Landsat images and predicting up to 2040 with the Land Change Modeler and InVEST model under three scenarios: continuation, conservation, and mitigation. The results indicate significant shifts in agricultural land impacted water yields, which fluctuated from 324.7 million cubic meters (MCM) in 1990 to 279.7 MCM in 2010, before rising to 320.1 MCM by 2020. The study uniquely assesses the effects of land use changes on water yields, projecting a …

Archaeology In Space: The Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Experiment (Square) On The International Space Station. Report 1: Squares 03 And 05, Justin St. P. Walsh, Shawn Graham, Alice C. Gorman, Chantal Brousseau, Salma Abdullah

Art Faculty Articles and Research

Between January and March 2022, crew aboard the International Space Station (ISS) performed the first archaeological fieldwork in space, the Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Experiment (SQuARE). The experiment aimed to: (1) develop a new understanding of how humans adapt to life in an environmental context for which we are not evolutionarily adapted, using evidence from the observation of material culture; (2) identify disjunctions between planned and actual usage of facilities on a space station; (3) develop and test techniques that enable archaeological research at a distance; and (4) demonstrate the relevance of social science methods and perspectives for improving life …

Ai-Based Methods For Detecting And Classifying Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Comprehensive Review, Niveen Nasr El-Den, Mohamed Elsharkawy, Ibrahim Saleh, Mohammed Ghazal, Ashraf Khalil, Mohammad Z. Haq, Ashraf Sewelam, Hani Mahdi, Ayman El-Baz

All Works

This paper explores the advancements and achievements of artificial intelligence (AI) in computer vision (CV), particularly in the context of diagnosing and grading age-related macular degeneration (AMD), one of the most common leading causes of blindness and low vision that impact millions of patients globally. Integrating AI in biomedical engineering and healthcare has significantly enhanced the understanding and development of the CV application to mimic human problem-solving abilities. By leveraging AI-based models, ophthalmologists can improve the accuracy and speed of disease diagnosis, enabling early treatment and mitigating the severity of the conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of many …

Conservation Decision Making And Agricultural Land Leasing - An Experimental Investigation Of The Role Of Gender, Diya Ganguly, Simanti Banerjee, Christopher Gustafson

Cornhusker Economics

This research investigated the impact of landowner gender and of the different types of contract leases offered by them to a male tenant, on the conservation (or non-conservation) choice made by the tenant. Specifically, we investigate if a) female and male landowners offer different rental contracts and b) whether tenants choose different actions based on the landowner’s gender. For this purpose, we implemented a controlled, gender-context-loaded economic experiment with university students, in which we tested contract and land use choice under different treatments for three types of rental contracts – fixed rent, fixed rent with penalty, and fixed rent with …

A Review Of Stable, Traversable Wormholes In F(R) Gravity Theories, Ramesh Radhakrishnan, Patrick Brown, Jacob Matulevich, Eric Davis, Delaram Mirfendereski, Gerald Cleaver

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications and Presentations

It has been proven that in standard Einstein gravity, exotic matter (i.e., matter violating the pointwise and averaged Weak and Null Energy Conditions) is required to stabilize traversable wormholes. Quantum field theory permits these violations due to the quantum coherent effects found in any quantum field. Even reasonable classical scalar fields violate the energy conditions. In the case of the Casimir effect and squeezed vacuum states, these violations have been experimentally proven. It is advantageous to investigate methods to minimize the use of exotic matter. One such area of interest is extended theories of Einstein gravity. It has been claimed …

Uncertainty Quantification In Machine Learning Models Via Gaussian Process Regression: A Comparative Study, Ayorinde E. Olatunde, Weiqi Yue, Pawan K. Tripathi, Roger H. French, Anirban Mondal

Faculty Scholarship

As the use of Machine learning models in science and engineering continues to increase, there is an increasing need for quantifying the uncertainties inherent in the predictions of these models. The more complex a model is, the more the uncertainties in its predictions increase. Amongst the plethora of methodologies used in quantifying uncertainties lies Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). GPR surmounts some of the popular shortfalls of other state-of-the-art methodologies. Although GPR has some quick wins in its application for uncertainty quantification, it is plagued with some shortfalls, such as scalability issues when the feature space increases as well as an …

Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry Applications For Metabolomics, Darcy Cochran, Robert Powers

Robert Powers Publications

Metabolomics is an interdisciplinary field that aims to study all metabolites < 1500 Da that are ubiquitously found within all organisms. Metabolomics is experiencing exponential growth and commonly relies on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) is a form of HRMS that is particularly well suited for metabolomics research due to its exceptionally high resolution (10⁵–10⁶) and sensitivity with a mass accuracy in parts per billion (ppb). In this regard, FT-ICR-MS can provide valuable insights into the metabolomics analysis of complex biological systems due to unique capabilities such as the easy separation of isobaric and isomeric species, isotopic fine structure analysis, spatial resolution of metabolites in cells and tissues, and a high confidence (error) in metabolite identification. Alternatively, the large and complex data sets, long acquisition times, high cost, and limited access mainly through national mass spectrometry facilities may impede the …

Madelung Mechanics And Superoscillations, Mordecai Waegell

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

In single-particle Madelung mechanics, the single-particle quantum state Ψ(⃗x, t) = R(⃗x, t)eiS(⃗x,t)/h is interpreted as comprising an entire conserved fluid of classical point particles, with local density R(⃗x, t)2 and local momentum ⃗∇S(⃗x, t) (where R and S are real). The Schrödinger equation gives rise to the continuity equation for the fluid, and the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for particles of the fluid, which includes an additional density-dependent quantum potential energy term Q(⃗x, t) = − ¯h2 2m ⃗∇R(⃗x,t) R(⃗x,t) , which is all that makes the fluid behavior nonclassical. In particular, the quantum potential can become negative and create a …

Knowledge Management And Semantic Reasoning: Ontology And Information Theory Enable The Construction Of Knowledge Bases And Knowledge Graphs, Quynh D. Tran, Ozan Dernek, Erika I. Barcelos, Laura S. Bruckman, Roger H. French

Researchers, Instructors, & Staff Scholarship

FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles are guidelines Wilkinson, et. al. (2016) proposed for data governance and stewardship. Ontology is a powerful tool that can achieve many aspects of all four FAIR principles. Unfortunately, there is a misconception about ontology that it is only useful for establishing FAIR data. We need to think beyond data to answer the question “So what?” after an ontology is developed. It is critical to apply FAIR principles to results, analysis, and models, which is where the concept of digital thread comes in. FAIRified results, analysis, and models can be stored in a knowledge base …

Knowledge Management Of Historical Data: Ontology Development For Chemical Reactions, Quynh D. Tran, Alexander Harding Bradley, Balashanmuga Priyan Rajamohan, Jonathan E. Gordon, Van D. Tran, Kiefer Lin, Erika I. Barcelos, Laura S. Bruckman, Roger H. French

Researchers, Instructors, & Staff Scholarship

Knowledge management of the literature and historical data is critical to accelerated drug and materials discovery. Currently, literature knowledge is scattered in journal articles in various formats: diagrams, texts, plots, etc. Historical data from past experiments are saved in a number of local computers under confusing folder structures with ambiguous file names. To manage and organize historical data and knowledge, our group (SDLE) at CWRU follows FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles, which outline the best practices for data stewardship and data provenance, and ontology, a formal representation of terms and concepts and their relationships, as a tool to improve …

A ‘Nuclear Bomb’ Or Just ‘A Joke’? Groundwater Models May Help Communicate Nuanced Risks To The Great Salt Lake, Matthew D. Laplante, Piyush Dahal, Shih-Yu Simon Wang, Kirsti Hakala, Avik Mukherjee

Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications

The Great Salt Lake entered the zeitgeist of environmental concern in 2022 when a coalition of scientists and activists warned in a highly publicized report that the lake might be just five years away from complete desiccation, a possibility one state official warned was tantamount to an “environmental nuclear bomb”. Shortly thereafter, an unpredicted and unprecedented pluvial winter resulted in an increase in inflow, temporarily halting the lake’s decline and prompting Utah’s governor to mock the dire prediction as “a joke”, an outcome that speaks to the tension between agenda-setting and trust-building that researchers face when sharing worst-case warnings, particularly …

Projected Climate Change Impacts On The Number Of Dry And Very Heavy Precipitation Days By Century’S End: A Case Study Of Iran’S Metropolises, Rasoul Asfari, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Ali Hosseini, Moses Karakouzian

Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Faculty Research

This study explores the impacts of climate change on the number of dry days and very heavy precipitation days within Iran’s metropolises. Focusing on Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz, the research utilizes the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) Global Circulation Models (GCMs) to predict future precipitation conditions under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from 2025 to 2100. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how climate change will affect precipitation patterns in these major cities. Findings indicate that the SSP126 scenario typically results in the highest number of dry days, suggesting that …

Three-Wave Mixing Experiments In Indium–Tin–Oxide Thin-Films With No Phase Matching, Kyle Wynne, Marjan Bazian, Mark C. Harrison

Engineering Faculty Articles and Research

One challenge of using nonlinear optical phenomena for practical applications is the need to perform phase-matching. Recently, epsilon-near-zero materials have been shown to demonstrate strong optical nonlinearities, in addition to their other unique properties. As suggested by their name, the permittivity of the material is close to zero for a certain wavelength range. We demonstrate that this small permittivity allows for efficient three-wave mixing interactions to take place in indium–tin–oxide thin films without the need for phase matching the pump and signal beams. The efficiency of the second-order nonlinear interactions is characterized, and cascaded three-wave mixing is demonstrated.

Evaluation Of Mechanical Vapor Recompression And Easy Multi-Effect Desalination Systems In Different Climate Conditions-Sensitivity And 7e Analysis, Hamed Kariman, Mehdi Khiadani, Siamak Hoseinzadeh, Shahin Shoeibi, Abdellah Shafieian

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Evaporative desalination systems, such as Multi-Effect Desalination (MED) and Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR), play important roles in addressing this challenge. Although large-scale desalination systems possess limitations in catering to the water demands of remote regions and islands and entail the cost of water transportation to residential areas, it is imperative to concentrate on studying the feasibility of employing centralized evaporative water production systems. Firstly, in this study, the initial focus is on conducting energy and exergy analyses of MVR and Easy MED systems, with a goal of enhancing knowledge about the energy consumption, exergy destruction and exergetic efficiency of these …

A Measurement Of The Differential Drell-Yan Cross Section As A Function Of Invariant Mass In Proton–Proton Collisions At √ S = 13 Tev, William Robert Tabb

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents from University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

The Drell-Yan process, a crucial mechanism for producing lepton pairs in highenergy hadron collisions, serves as an essential probe for testing the Standard Model of particle physics. This dissertation presents a comprehensive measurement of the differential cross section with respect to the invariant mass of the lepton pairs, utilizing data collected by the CMS experiment at CERN from 2016 to 2018. Cross sections are essential for refining our understanding of parton distribution functions and the underlying quantum chromodynamics processes, thereby providing constraints on theoretical predictions. In this analysis, the cross sections are compared to theoretical models and simulations, offering new …

Exploring Intraplate Seismicity In The Midwest, Alexa Fernández

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Intraplate seismicity represents a notable occurrence within the stable North American Craton. This research explores the potential sources of stresses that could reactivate older faults and influence seismic activity within this region. Among these sources, the enduring impact of the last glacial period is considered, which includes continued glacial isostatic adjustments (GIA). During GIA the lithosphere rebounds due to the retreating ice, and the forebulge caused by far-field flexure in response to the glacial load, collapses. This results in significant faulting, fracturing, and seismic activity associated with the deglaciation phase. The adjustment of the lithosphere manifests as both near surface …

Instantons In Φ4 Theories: Transseries, Virial Theorems, And Numerical Aspects, Ludovico T. Giorgini, Ulrich D. Jentschura, Enrico M. Malatesta, Tommaso Rizzo, Jean Zinn-Justin

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We discuss numerical aspects of instantons in two- and three-dimensional φ4 theories with an internal O(N) symmetry group, the so-called N-vector model. By combining asymptotic transseries expansions for large arguments with convergence acceleration techniques, we obtain high-precision values for certain integrals of the instanton that naturally occur in loop corrections around instanton configurations. Knowledge of these numerical properties is necessary in order to evaluate corrections to the large-order factorial growth of perturbation theory in φ4 theories. The results contribute to the understanding of the mathematical structures underlying the instanton configurations.

Perturbative Versus Non-Perturbative Renormalization, S. Hariharakrishnan, Ulrich D. Jentschura, I. G. Marian, K. Szabo, I. Nandori

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Approximated functional renormalization group (FRG) equations lead to regulator-dependent β-functions, in analogy to the scheme-dependence of the perturbative renormalization group (pRG) approach. A scheme transformation redefines the couplings to relate the β-functions of the FRG method with an arbitrary regulator function to the pRG ones obtained in a given scheme. Here, we consider a periodic sine-Gordon scalar field theory in d = 2 dimensions and show that the relation of the FRG and pRG approaches is intricate. Although both the FRG and the pRG methods are known to be sufficient to obtain the critical frequency β c 2 = 8 …

Doubly Differential Cross Sections For Ionization In Proton Collisions With Atomic Hydrogen: Energy And Angular Distribution Of Emitted Electrons, C. T. Plowman, K. H. Spicer, N. W. Antonio, M. S. Schöffler, Michael Schulz, I. Bray, A. S. Kadyrov

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We use the two-center wave-packet convergent close-coupling approach to ion-atom collisions to calculate the energy and angular distribution of electrons emitted in proton collisions with atomic hydrogen. Results are provided across a wide range of intermediate energies where many competing reaction channels make calculations challenging. The present data consistently agree with the available experimental measurements and improve upon previously available results based on perturbative and classical methods. Furthermore, we extend the range of electron angles and energies over which theoretical data are available for the doubly differential cross section for ionization. This provides strong evidence that at the level of …

Techno-Economic And Environmental Assessments Of Produced Water Treatment Technologies For Beneficial Reuse, Elora Afrin

Water Resources Science and Technology Theses and Graduate Research Reports

Produced water (PW) is a bulk portion of byproduct generated during oil and gas extraction operations and can be potentially reused for various purposes. However, the treatment costs and associated environmental issues call for a multitude of factors for proper management. This research aims to evaluate the viability of technologies for treating PW in terms of their technical performance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental considerations. Technologies evaluated include well-established processes such as electrodialysis (ED), electrodialysis reversal (EDR), ion exchange, chemical oxidation, electrocoagulation (EC), chemical coagulation (CC), nanofiltration (NF) etc. Associated case studies have been studied. However, except EC and CC, other technologies …

Querymate: A Custom Llm Powered By Llamacpp, Pegah Khosravi

Open Educational Resources

No abstract provided.