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1996

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Articles 1771 - 1800 of 2437

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

The Development Of An Ecological Teaching Perspective: A Teacher Education Program, Caroline Conway Kolbert Jan 1996

The Development Of An Ecological Teaching Perspective: A Teacher Education Program, Caroline Conway Kolbert

Theses Digitization Project

This project describes a four-year teacher education program conducted at the Living Desert, a botanical and wildlife park located in Palm Desert, California. The program brought 12 classroom teachers and 3 zoological educators together to expand their understanding and practice of environmental education. This project concentrates on how the program affected my educational philosophy, strategy and practice as an educator at The Living Desert, and how it shifted the focus of our department's docent (volunteer guide) education in general.

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Amazopoly A Game Of Survival In A Tropical Rain Forest, Michael William Morris Jan 1996

Amazopoly A Game Of Survival In A Tropical Rain Forest, Michael William Morris

Theses Digitization Project

No abstract provided.

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Zebra Mussel Infestation Of Unionid Bivalves (Unionidae) In North America, Don W. Schloesser, Thomas F. Nalepa, Gerald L. Mackie Jan 1996

Zebra Mussel Infestation Of Unionid Bivalves (Unionidae) In North America, Don W. Schloesser, Thomas F. Nalepa, Gerald L. Mackie

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

In 1989, zebra mussels received national attention in North America when they reached densities exceeding 750,000/m2 in a water withdrawal facility along the shore of western Lake Erie of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Although water withdrawal problems caused by zebra mussels have been of immediate concern, ecological impacts attributed to mussels are likely to be the more important long-term issue for surface waters in North America. To date, the epizoic colonization (i.e., infestation) of unionid bivalve mollusks by zebra mussels has caused the most direct and severe ecological impact. Infestation of and resulting impacts caused by zebra …

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Changes In The Freshwater Mussel Community Of Lake St. Clair: From Unionidae To Dreissena Polymorpha In Eight Years, Thomas F. Nalepa, David J. Hartson, Gerald W. Gostenik, David L. Fanslow, Gregory A. Lang Jan 1996

Changes In The Freshwater Mussel Community Of Lake St. Clair: From Unionidae To Dreissena Polymorpha In Eight Years, Thomas F. Nalepa, David J. Hartson, Gerald W. Gostenik, David L. Fanslow, Gregory A. Lang

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

To determine density changes in both the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and native mussels, Unionidae, in Lake St. Clair, surveys were conducted in 1990, 1992, and 1994 and compared to a similar survey in 1986 when no D. polymorpha was found. Collection methods were the same each year; divers used the quadrat method to collect 10 replicate samples at 29 sites located throughout the lake. The total number of unionids collected declined from 281 in 1986, to 248 in 1990, 99 in 1992, and 6 in 1994, while the number of species collected in each of the four respective …

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A Convenient Synthesis Of L-Α-Vinylglycine From L-Homoserine Lactone, David B. Berkowitz, Marianne K. Smith Jan 1996

A Convenient Synthesis Of L-Α-Vinylglycine From L-Homoserine Lactone, David B. Berkowitz, Marianne K. Smith

David Berkowitz Publications

A procedure for the synthesis ofL-IX-vinylglycine from L-homoserine lactone is described. The route developed is convenient (only one chromatography step is required) and efficient (72 %; ≥ 95 % optical yield over 4 steps). Key features include the use of acid-labile protecting groups for the amino (Boc) and carboxyl (diphenylmethyl ester) groups, and the use of the phenylselenolate equivalent derived from sodium borohydride and diphenyl diselenide for L-homoserine lactone cleavage.

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The Probe, Issue 162 – January/February 1996 Jan 1996

The Probe, Issue 162 – January/February 1996

The Probe: Newsletter of the National Animal Damage Control Association

Trapping Weasels-- James E. Forbes, Past President
From the Incoming President-- Eugene A. LeBoeuf
NADCA Membership Directory
• Draft NADCA Position Statements on Wildlife Reintroduction Aquaculture Regulated Hunting Trapping Wildflife Damage Management
NADCA Committees

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The Calculation Of Radial Dose From Heavy Ions: Predictions Of Biological Action Cross Sections, Robert Katz, Francis A. Cucinotta, C. X. Zhang Jan 1996

The Calculation Of Radial Dose From Heavy Ions: Predictions Of Biological Action Cross Sections, Robert Katz, Francis A. Cucinotta, C. X. Zhang

Robert Katz Publications

The track structure model of heavy ion cross sections was developed by Katz and co-workers in the 1960s. In this model the action cross section is evaluated by mapping the dose-response of a detector to γ rays (modeled from biological target theory) onto the radial dose distribution from 6 rays about the path of the ion. This is taken to yield the radial distribution of probability for a "hit" (an interaction leading to an observable end-point). Radial integration of the probability yields the cross section. When different response from ions of different Z having the same stopping power is observed …

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Breeding Ecology, Success, And Population Management Of The Piping Plover (Charadrius Melodus) At Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, Robert Richard Cross Jan 1996

Breeding Ecology, Success, And Population Management Of The Piping Plover (Charadrius Melodus) At Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, Robert Richard Cross

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

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Structures, Thermochemistry, And Electron Affinities Of The Pfn And Pfn- Series, N=1-6, Gregory S. Tschumper, Justin T. Fermann, Henry F. Schaefer Jan 1996

Structures, Thermochemistry, And Electron Affinities Of The Pfn And Pfn- Series, N=1-6, Gregory S. Tschumper, Justin T. Fermann, Henry F. Schaefer

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

A quantum mechanical study of the phosphorus fluorides and their singly charged anions was carried out. A range of density functional methods was used. Optimized geometries, adiabatic electron affinities, vertical electron affinities, vertical detachment energies, and stabilities toward the loss of a single fluorine atom or fluorine ion are reported. These properties were evaluated exhaustively using four exchange-correlation functionals: Becke's 1988 exchange functional with the correlation functional of Lee, Yang, and Parr, Becke's 1988 exchange functional with the 1986 correlation functional of Perdew, Becke's three parameter Hartree-Fock/density functional hybrid exchange functional with the correlation functional of Lee, Yang, and Parr …

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A Systematic Tradeoff Methodology For Acquiring And Validating Imprecise Requirements, J. Yen, Xiaoqing Frank Liu, W. A. Tiao Jan 1996

A Systematic Tradeoff Methodology For Acquiring And Validating Imprecise Requirements, J. Yen, Xiaoqing Frank Liu, W. A. Tiao

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Requirement analysis is one of the most important phases in a software development process. Existing requirement methodologies are limited in specifying requirements that are usually vague and imprecise, and in supporting tradeoff analysis between the conflicting requirements. In this paper, the elasticity of imprecise requirements is captured using fuzzy logic to facilitate tradeoffs between conflicting requirements. Based on the marginal rate of substitution in decision science, we have developed a systematic approach to elicit the structures and the parameters of imprecise requirements, to validate the scheme for aggregating requirements, and to assess relative priorities of conflicting requirements.

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Frequency Coordination Between Adjacent Carriers Of Two Cdma Operators, Seung Jong Park, Hun Bum Ha, Jong Tai Chung, Yoon Sub Shim, Do Young Lee Jan 1996

Frequency Coordination Between Adjacent Carriers Of Two Cdma Operators, Seung Jong Park, Hun Bum Ha, Jong Tai Chung, Yoon Sub Shim, Do Young Lee

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Frequency coordination is the process that assigns frequency bands to neighboring or coexisting systems to minimize interference. This interference is caused by unwanted signals from adjacent frequency bands. Especially, interference is maximized by the spatial near-far problem which occurs in case two different cellular systems serve. This critical case happens when different cellular operators using the adjacent carriers do not collocate their base stations (BS). In this paper, we investigate the frequency coordination when two CDMA operators using adjacent CDMA carriers don't collocate their BS. In order to lessen the unwanted interference, we put the guard band which separates adjacent …

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Automatic Pcb Inspection Algorithms: A Survey, Madhav Moganti, Fikret Ercal, Cihan H. Dagli, Shou Tsunekawa Jan 1996

Automatic Pcb Inspection Algorithms: A Survey, Madhav Moganti, Fikret Ercal, Cihan H. Dagli, Shou Tsunekawa

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

The importance of the inspection process has been magnified by the requirements of the modern manufacturing environment. In electronics mass-production manufacturing facilities, an attempt is often made to achieve 100% quality assurance of all parts, subassemblies, and finished goods. A variety of approaches for automated visual inspection of printed circuits have been reported over the past two decades. In this survey, algorithms and techniques for the automated inspection of printed circuit boards are examined. A classification tree for these algorithms is presented and the algorithms are grouped according to this classification. This survey concentrates mainly on image analysis and fault …

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Biodegradation Of Nonionic Surfactants And Effects Of Oxidative Pretreatment, Craig D. Adams, S. Spitzer, R. M. Cowan Jan 1996

Biodegradation Of Nonionic Surfactants And Effects Of Oxidative Pretreatment, Craig D. Adams, S. Spitzer, R. M. Cowan

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

The aerobic biodegradability of nonionic, ethoxylated surfactants and model compounds, and the effect of advanced oxidation pretreatment on the biodegradability of the biorefractory surfactants were examined. Bioassays conducted using a mixed microbial seed showed that the linear primary alcohol ethoxylates, the fatty acid ethoxylates, and also polyethylene glycol were all degradable. The biomineralization of the linear secondary alcohol ethoxylate, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, and alkylphenol ethoxylate was observed to be inhibited to varying degrees. Additional bioassays were conducted on model compounds to examine the effect of specific structural components on biodegradability. Advanced oxidation pretreatment using hydrogen peroxide in combination …

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Treatability Of S-Triazine Herbicide Metabolites Using Powdered Activated Carbon, Craig D. Adams, Tammy L. Watson Jan 1996

Treatability Of S-Triazine Herbicide Metabolites Using Powdered Activated Carbon, Craig D. Adams, Tammy L. Watson

Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Widespread use of s-triazine herbicides such as atrazine, simazine, and cyanazine has led to the contamination of many ground-water and surface-water supplies with the parent compounds as well as by primary metabolites (e.g., deethylatrazine, deisopropylatrazine, and deethylcyanazine). Ozonation has been shown to produce many of the same byproducts. Activated carbon adsorption has been designated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as the best available technology (BAT) for the treatment of herbicides in drinking water. Little data is available, however, on the applicability of activated carbon treatment for the control of the primary degradation products of herbicides. In this study, the …

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Sixth International Symposium On Chiral Discrimination, Daniel W. Armstrong Jan 1996

Sixth International Symposium On Chiral Discrimination, Daniel W. Armstrong

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Enantiomeric Composition And Prevalence Of Some Bicyclic Monoterpenoids In Amber, Daniel W. Armstrong, Eve Y. Zhou, Janusz Zukowski, Barbara Kosmowska-Ceranowicz Jan 1996

Enantiomeric Composition And Prevalence Of Some Bicyclic Monoterpenoids In Amber, Daniel W. Armstrong, Eve Y. Zhou, Janusz Zukowski, Barbara Kosmowska-Ceranowicz

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Among the more prevalent chiral monoterpenoid compounds in conifers are α-pinene, β-pinene, and smaller amounts of camphene and limonene. The most prevalent chiral monoterpenoid compounds in fossilized resin (referred to as amber in this paper) appear to be borneol, isoborneol, and camphene. Most of these compounds have easily measured enantiomeric excesses. The borneol and isoborneol in some amber samples have pronounced enantiomeric excesses despite the fact that they are tens of millions of years old. The enantiomeric ratios of the monoterpenoids in different ambers vary tremendously and often are distinct. However, in any single amber sample, the stereochemistry (absolute configuration) …

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Capillary Electrophoretic Enantiomeric Separations Using The Glycopeptide Antibiotic, Teicoplanin, Kimber L. Rundlett, Mary P. Gasper, Eve Y. Zhou, Daniel W. Armstrong Jan 1996

Capillary Electrophoretic Enantiomeric Separations Using The Glycopeptide Antibiotic, Teicoplanin, Kimber L. Rundlett, Mary P. Gasper, Eve Y. Zhou, Daniel W. Armstrong

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Teicoplanin is the third in a series of macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics that has been evaluated as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis (CE). It was used to resolve over 100 anionic racemates at low selector concentrations. Like the other related glycopeptide antibiotics, its enantioselectivity tends to be opposite to that of the ansa-type antibiotics which prefers cationic compounds-particularly amines. Factors that affect teicoplanin-based enantioseparations include the selector concentration, pH, and the concentration of the organic modifier. The temperature and the nature and strength of the buffer are also known to affect the stability of the chiral selector as well as …

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Optimization Of The Discriminatory Power Of A Trigram Based Document Clustering Algorithm Using Evolutionary Computation, Daniel R. Tauritz Jan 1996

Optimization Of The Discriminatory Power Of A Trigram Based Document Clustering Algorithm Using Evolutionary Computation, Daniel R. Tauritz

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

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Oxidation States And Magnetism Of Fe Nanoparticles Prepared By A Laser Evaporation Technique, B. J. Jönsson, T. Turkki, V. Ström, M. S. El-Shall, K. V. Rao Jan 1996

Oxidation States And Magnetism Of Fe Nanoparticles Prepared By A Laser Evaporation Technique, B. J. Jönsson, T. Turkki, V. Ström, M. S. El-Shall, K. V. Rao

Chemistry Publications

Nanoparticles of iron and iron oxide have been prepared in a thermal diffusion cloud chamber using pulsed laser evaporation. SEM/TEM studies of these particles reveal a size distribution with a mean diameter of about 60 Å. This is consistent with the mean particle size estimated from the magnetic data. The oxidation levels of these nanoparticles prepared at different partial oxygen pressures were investigated using FTIR. All the samples are found to exhibit superparamagnetism with blocking temperatures ranging from 50 K to above room temperature. Magnetic anisotropy constants are calculated from the frequency dependence of the blocking temperatures are found to …

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A Monte Carlo Study Of Methanol Clusters (Ch3oh)N, N=5-256, D. Wright, M. S. El-Shall Jan 1996

A Monte Carlo Study Of Methanol Clusters (Ch3oh)N, N=5-256, D. Wright, M. S. El-Shall

Chemistry Publications

The thermodynamic and structural properties of methanol clusters (CH3OH) N , N=5–15, 20, 30, 60, 128, 256 and the bulk liquid have been investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. Calculated properties as a function of size include electrostatic and dispersive contributions to the configurational energy, configurational heat capacities,fractal dimension, density profiles, order parameters characterizing dipole and bond vector orientation, and the Lindemann index. The clusterheat capacities as a function of N possess an interior maximum near N=128 and converge to the bulk value from above. Monocyclic, semiplanar structures are found to persist at liquidlike temperatures up to …

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Semantic And Schematic Similarities Between Database Objects: A Context-Based Approach, Vipul Kashyap, Amit P. Sheth Jan 1996

Semantic And Schematic Similarities Between Database Objects: A Context-Based Approach, Vipul Kashyap, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

In a multidatabase system, schematic conflicts between two objects are usually of interest only when the objects have some semantic similarity. We use the concept of semantic proximity, which is essentially an abstraction/mapping between the domains of the two objects associated with the context of comparison. An explicit though partial context representation is proposed and the specificity relationship between contexts is defined. The contexts are organized as a meet semi-lattice and associated operations like the greatest lower bound are defined. The context of comparison and the type of abstractions used to relate the two objects form the basis of a …

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Wet Chemical Digital Etching Of Gaas At Room Temperature, Gregory C. Desalvo, Christopher A. Bozada, John L. Ebel, David C. Look, John P. Barrette, Charles L. A. Cerny, Ross W. Dettmer, James K. Gillespie, Charles K. Havasy, Thomas J. Jenkins, Kenichi Nakano, Carl I. Pettiford, Tony K. Quach, James S. Sewell, G. David Via Jan 1996

Wet Chemical Digital Etching Of Gaas At Room Temperature, Gregory C. Desalvo, Christopher A. Bozada, John L. Ebel, David C. Look, John P. Barrette, Charles L. A. Cerny, Ross W. Dettmer, James K. Gillespie, Charles K. Havasy, Thomas J. Jenkins, Kenichi Nakano, Carl I. Pettiford, Tony K. Quach, James S. Sewell, G. David Via

Physics Faculty Publications

A new room temperature wet chemical digital etching technique for GaAs is presented which uses hydrogen peroxide and an acid in a two‐step etching process to remove GaAs in approximately 15 Å increments. In the first step, GaAs is oxidized by 30% hydrogen peroxide to form an oxide layer that is diffusion limited to a thickness of 14 to 17 Å for time periods from 15 to 120 s. The second step removes this oxide layer with an acid that does not attack unoxidized GaAs. These steps are repeated in succession until the desired etch depth is obtained. Experimental results …

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Reference Sediment Selection In The Lower Mississippi Delta, M. T. Moore, C. D. Milam, Jerry L. Farris Jan 1996

Reference Sediment Selection In The Lower Mississippi Delta, M. T. Moore, C. D. Milam, Jerry L. Farris

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Floodplain deposition has been a critical part in the evolution of Arkansas' Delta ecoregion, and because ofits high potential for such events, this region is highly enriched and extremely fertile. Historically, water quality in the area has been the subject ofscientific study, and as a result littlehas been published on the effects of underlying sediment with associated benthic communities. Sediment analysis is critical to many of the ongoing aquatic studies because ofits significance as both a habitat for benthic organisms and a sink for contaminants. Seven rivers and one creek within the Delta ecoregion were examined for water chemistry, sediment …

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Illinois River Water Quality Automatic Sampler Installation, David G. Parker, Rodney Williams, Evan Teague Jan 1996

Illinois River Water Quality Automatic Sampler Installation, David G. Parker, Rodney Williams, Evan Teague

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

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Energy And Angular Distributions Of Electrons From Ion Impact On Atomic And Molecular Hydrogen. Iii. 28–114-Kev He+ + H2, Y.-Y. Hsu, M. W. Gealy, G. W. Kerby Iii, M. Eugene Rudd Jan 1996

Energy And Angular Distributions Of Electrons From Ion Impact On Atomic And Molecular Hydrogen. Iii. 28–114-Kev He+ + H2, Y.-Y. Hsu, M. W. Gealy, G. W. Kerby Iii, M. Eugene Rudd

M. Eugene Rudd Publications

Absolute cross sections, differential in energy and angle of ejection of the secondary electrons, were determined for electron emission from He+ +H2 collisions at 28–114 keV by measuring electron energy spectra from 1.5 to 300 eV at several angles from 15° to 160°. A rotatable electrostatic analyzer was used with an energy resolution of 5% and an angular acceptance of 4.6° full width at half maximum. The double-differential cross sections were integrated over angle, energy, or both to obtain single-differential and total ionization cross sections. The latter are in excellent agreement with previous experimental results. Agreement of the …

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Preparation Of Trifluoromethyl Lactol Derivatives Via Base Initiated Cyclobutanol Ring Opening To A Laterally Lithiated Trifluoromethyl Ketone, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn Jan 1996

Preparation Of Trifluoromethyl Lactol Derivatives Via Base Initiated Cyclobutanol Ring Opening To A Laterally Lithiated Trifluoromethyl Ketone, Daniel Becker, Daniel L. Flynn

Chemistry: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Benzocyclobutenone derivatives 4 are converted to the corresponding trifluoromethylcyclobutanols 5 by treatment with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane in the presence of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride. These trifluoromethylcyclobutanol derivatives are then treated with LiTMP in the presence of aromatic aldehydes to afford trifluoromethyllactols 6 via a laterally-lithiated trifluoromethylketone intermediate.

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An Almost Periodic Function Of Several Variables With No Local Minimum, Gregory S. Spradlin Jan 1996

An Almost Periodic Function Of Several Variables With No Local Minimum, Gregory S. Spradlin

Publications

No abstract provided.

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Syllogism Solving Under Time Pressure, Gondy Leroy, Koen Lamberts Jan 1996

Syllogism Solving Under Time Pressure, Gondy Leroy, Koen Lamberts

CGU Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

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Reducibility And A New Entropic Term In Multifragment Charge Distribution, A. Ferrero, I. Iori, A. Moroni, F. Petruzelli, R. Scardaoni, L. G. Moretto, D. R. Bowman, M. Bruno, P. Buttazzo, L. Celano, N. Colonna, M. D'Agostino, J. D. Dinius, M. L. Fiandri, E. Fuschini, C. K. Gelbke, T. Glasmacher, F. Gramegna, D. O. Handzy, D. Horn, W. C. Hsi, M. Huang, G. J. Kunde, M. A. Lisa, W. G. Lynch, P. F. Mastinu, P. M. Milazzo, G. V. Margagliotti, C. P. Montoya, Graham F. Peaslee, L. Phair, R. Rui, C. Schwarz, M. B. Tsang, G. Vannini, C. Williams Jan 1996

Reducibility And A New Entropic Term In Multifragment Charge Distribution, A. Ferrero, I. Iori, A. Moroni, F. Petruzelli, R. Scardaoni, L. G. Moretto, D. R. Bowman, M. Bruno, P. Buttazzo, L. Celano, N. Colonna, M. D'Agostino, J. D. Dinius, M. L. Fiandri, E. Fuschini, C. K. Gelbke, T. Glasmacher, F. Gramegna, D. O. Handzy, D. Horn, W. C. Hsi, M. Huang, G. J. Kunde, M. A. Lisa, W. G. Lynch, P. F. Mastinu, P. M. Milazzo, G. V. Margagliotti, C. P. Montoya, Graham F. Peaslee, L. Phair, R. Rui, C. Schwarz, M. B. Tsang, G. Vannini, C. Williams

Faculty Publications

The charge distributions and their dependence on fragment multiplicity have been studied for the multifragmentation of 30 MeV/nucleon Xe+Au, Cu. For both targets, the charge distributions are approximately independent of the fragment multiplicity n. However, a residual systematic dependence on n is detectable at the largest values of the total charge multiplicity Nc. Such n dependence obeys a simple scaling law and suggests the presence of an entropic term possibly related to the mechanism of multifragmentation. Thermal scaling between the different bins of Nc seems to occur.

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Evaporation Residue, Fission Cross Sections, And Linear Momentum Transfer For 14n Induced Reactions From 35a To 155a Mev, A. A. Sonzogni, A. Elmaani, C. Hyde-Wright, W. Jiang, D. Prindle, R. Vandenbosch, J. Dinius, G. Cron, D. Bowman, C. K. Gelbke, W. Hsi, G. Lynch, C. Montoya, Graham F. Peaslee, C. Schwarz, M. B. Tsang, C. Williams, R. De Souza, D. Fox, T. Moore Jan 1996

Evaporation Residue, Fission Cross Sections, And Linear Momentum Transfer For 14n Induced Reactions From 35a To 155a Mev, A. A. Sonzogni, A. Elmaani, C. Hyde-Wright, W. Jiang, D. Prindle, R. Vandenbosch, J. Dinius, G. Cron, D. Bowman, C. K. Gelbke, W. Hsi, G. Lynch, C. Montoya, Graham F. Peaslee, C. Schwarz, M. B. Tsang, C. Williams, R. De Souza, D. Fox, T. Moore

Faculty Publications

Differential cross sections for evaporation residues and fission fragments for 35A, 100A, 130A and 155A MeV N14 on targets ranging from Sm154 to Au197 have been measured. The angle-integrated cross sections are larger than what might be expected. The fission fragment-fission fragment folding angle correlations for 35A, 100A MeV N14 and 25AMeV O16 on similar targets were also measured. The average linear momentum transfer has been deduced from both the fission angle correlation and from the fore-aft asymmetry of the fission angular distributions in the laboratory system. The data are all consistent with a picture where pre-equilibrium particle emission removes …

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