Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A Meeting Of Minds : Coalitions, Representations And American Non-Governmental Organizations In The Brazilian Amazon, Lise Fernanda Sedrez

Theses

American environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have created and spread in the last decade a particular representation of the Amazon rainforest among the public and policy-makers. This new representation contrasts with earlier American representations of the Amazon in that it has been more responsive to local (Amazon) concerns and agendas. This greater responsiveness is a direct result of strategic coalitions with Brazilian NGOs by must US NGOs. US NGOs may avoid charges of "environmental imperialism" and obtain larger legitimacy in their action in the Amazon by opting for the coalition strategy. However, this option also stresses the differences between two environmental …

A Microcosm Study In The Reductive Dechlorination Of Tetrachloroethylene Using Fermentation Acids And Alcohols As Electron Donors, Anthony Siccard Iii

Theses

Anaerobic microcosms of Arthur Kill (New Jersey) sediment were used to investigate the effects of several electron donors on tetrachloroethylene (PCE) dechlorination activity. The substates tested were methanol, butanol, butyrate, lactate and succinate both by themselves and in various combinations. Different levels of PCE dehalogenation were noticed in all of the microcosms regardless of the electron donor used. Vinyl chloride was the major dehalogenation product detected in the majority of the microcosms. The causitive organism or group that carried our the reductive dehalogenation was not identified. Only the microcosms admended with a mixture of butanol/methanol were able to fully reduce …

Bootstrapping Tsmars Models, Liangzhong Chen

Theses

We investigate bootstrap inference methods for nonlinear time series models obtained using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines for Time Series (TSMARS), for which theoretical properties are not currently known. We use two different methods of bootstrapping to obtain confidence intervals for the underlying nonlinear function and prediction intervals for future values, based on estimated TSMARS models for the bootstrapped data. We also explore the method of Bootstrap AGGregatING (Bagging), due to Breiman (1996), to investigate whether the residual and prediction mean squared errors from a fitted TSMARS model can be reduced by averaging across the values obtained from each of the …

Catalyctic Reduction Of Nitric Oxide By Carbon Monoxide And Copper Loaded Granular Activated Carbon In The Presence Of Oxygen, Kaiwen Ma

Theses

The reduction reaction of nitric oxide (NO) by carbon monoxide (CO), and granular activated carbon (GAC) in the presence and absence of oxygen was studied in a fixed bed catalytic reactor. The conversion of NO as a function of reaction temperature was evaluated for various reductant to NO ratios and space velocities. The results show that oxygen enhanced the NO+CO reaction over copper (Cu) ion exchanged ZSM-5. About 60% NO conversion to nitrogen (N₂) was obtained at 400°C and 2,000 v/v/hr. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that CO is an intermediate in the soot-NO reaction. The …

Effects Of Shore-Parallel Structures On Meiofauna In The Intertidal Foreshore Of A Sandy Estuarine Beach, Raritan Bay, New Jersey, Usa, Valerie L. Spalding

Theses

Field investigations conducted at three sites on the intertidal sandy foreshore at Cliffwood Beach and Keyport Harbor, Raritan Bay, New Jersey reveal the relationship between meiofaunal density, wave and beach characteristics at sites where bulkheads and seawalls are present and at an adjacent site where they are not.

Wave characteristics were gathered at 2 hz over the tidal cycle with a pressure transducer. Three replicate core samples, to a depth of 0. 10 m, were gathered at four sampling stations across the foreshore at low tide to determine meiofaunal density. A fourth core sample was used to determine grain size, …

Assessment Of Recreation Space Along The Hudson River Waterfront In Jersey City, Nj, Darren M. Davidowich

Theses

For the past decade Jersey City, New Jersey has worked to redevelop its waterfront. The once highly industrialized waterfront is now the location of residential and commercial uses and more projects are slated for the future. Although many improvements to the physical and built environment occurred along the waterfront, many question whether enough emphasis was placed on outdoor recreation. Site assessments, field observations, and surveys of waterfront users in Jersey City, NJ were conducted to determine what uses are possible, and in the greatest demand on the waterfront. A total of (950) field observations were made of waterfront users. This …

Protocols For Packet Switched Communication And Reliable Multicasting In Fully-Dynamic Multi-Hop Wireless Networks, James Pelech

Theses

Designing protocols for a fully dynamic wireless packet switched networks pose unique challenges due to the constantly changing topology of the network. A set of protocols is presented that are capable of handling a fully dynamic wireless network in which switching centers and base stations are mobile as well as the end users. The protocols provide basic message delivery, network routing information updates, and support for reliable multicasting.

There are four contributions of this work: (i) a hierarchical architecture for a fully dynamic wireless network, (ii) improved routing and update protocols with reduced control traffic, (iii) a method to provide …

Control Of Nox In Alkaline Media With Tertiary Butyl Hydroperoxide, David R. Edwards

Theses

Alkaline solutions of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) selectively remove NO from simulated flue gasses. The investigation was conducted in a bubbling scrubber. NO removal efficiency of the scrubbing solutions was evaluated as a function of various operating parameters such as pH, oxidant concentration, oxidant to base mole ratio, residence time, temperature and flue gas compositions.

Alkaline solutions of TBHP show promise of being an economical choice for the selective removal of NO from flue gas. Solutions containing 0.2 M TBHP, 0.03 M NaOH (pH 12.5), and 1 minute NO residence time remove NO to below detectable levels at 53°C. The source, …

Implementation Of A Geometric Hashing Technique And It's Application To 3d Molecular Structure Search, Jennifer Lynn Cerequas

Theses

This paper proposes the application of a geometric hash technique to the searching of 3D chemical structures. Chemical structures are represented in global XYZ coordinate format. An algorithm is applied to the substructures within the existing chemical structures to hash them into hash tables on disk. A query substructure is then hashed to find matches (hits) of the existing hash tables. The entries in the matching hash tables are compared to the query substructure to find the existing substructures that are an "approximate" match.

The result is a technique which allows existing substructures to be compared to a (new) query …

Development Of A Framework For Internet Based Education System, Srinivas Lanka

Theses

Development of a framework for Internet based education has demonstrated the use of Oracle tools for the use of delivery of education on the World Wide Web. This also has proved that for an efficient dynamic education scenario, the use of a database-based system with a proper retrieval system is required.

We have designed the system on an Oracle backend system with Designer/2000. Developer/2000 helped us with the design and development of the system. Oracle Web Server 2.1 helped us with the retrieval of the web pages.

The entire design of the system and the reasoning behind the system has …

Application Of The Internet Technology And Client/Server Paradigm For The Implementation Of Repi, Chetankumar G. Patel

Theses

There are many problems associated with Requirements Engineering such as defining the system scope, developing understanding among the communities involved in the system to be built, volatility of requirements etc. These problems may lead to poor requirements and therefore cancellation of the system development, or else the development of a system that is unsatisfactory, has high maintenance cost or is unacceptable. By improving Requirements Elicitation, the Requirements Engineering can be improved, leading to a better requirements specification and eventually a better product.

Requirements Elicitation requires effective communication among the team members, as communication is the key factor. Easing communications between …

C Compiler Targeting The Java Virtual Machine, Jack Pien

Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses

One of the major drawbacks in the field of computer software development has been the inability for applications to compile once and execute across many different platforms. With the emergence of the Internet and the networking of many different platforms, the Java programming language and the Java Platform was created by Sun Microsystems to address this "Write Once, Run Anywhere" problem. What sets a compiled Java program apart from programs compiled from other high level languages is the ability of a Java Virtual Machine to execute the compiled Java program on any platform, as long as the Java Virtual Machine …

New Esrelectrochemical Cell Designs For Coaxial Microwave Cavity, Lin Lu Juntao Zhuang

Journal of Electrochemistry

New cell designs for simultaneous electrochemical(EC) and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements are reported for coaxial microwave cavity. Adjustable shieldings are introduced so that the working electrode can be much shorter than the full height of the cavity. Besides the traditional helical electrode, the working electrode can be cylinders made from metal plates, metallic meshes or even composite materials. The counter electrode can be placed either inside or outside the cavity. These features make the new designs more flexible than that previously reported. With a nonperforated cylindrical electrode, this cell can be used to determine the standard potential and the …

InSitu Raman Spectroscopic Study Of The Oxidation And Reduction Of Ag Electrode In Na_2so_4 Solution, Chen Y X, Huang K Q, Tian Z Q

Journal of Electrochemistry

Insitu Raman spectroscopy combined with cyclic voltammogram measurements was used to investigate formation of oxygen species at Ag electrode surfaces during the oxidation and reduction process in 0.1 mol/L Na_2SO_4 solution. The time dependent Raman spectra show that at potentials positive of 0.2 V, adsorption of oxygen atom occurs, while at the potentials positive of 0.4 V, some oxygen atoms migrate into subsurface of the Ag electrode and the other form strongly bound oxygen on the surface through chemical bond. At the same potentials, part of the silver atoms are oxidized and form Ag_2SO_4. During the negative potential ex cursion, …

Influences Of Ptfe On Electrochemical Properties Of FoamType Ni(Oh)_2 Electrodes, Zhen Zhou, Jie Yan, Xianyou Wang, Jinyuan Huatang Lin, Deying Song, Yunshi Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

Research work was performed for the influences of PTFE on the electrochemical properties of foamtype Ni(OH)_2 electrodes by constant current discharge. CV and EIS method. Experimental results exhibit that the existence of PTFE would decrease the reversibility of electrode reaction and increase the reaction resistance of the electrode; thus lower the discharge potential and capacity, so PTFE should be added as little as possible during the preparation of pastetype electrodes.

Study Of The Mechanisms Of The Electrochemical Reactions Of The Soluble Polyimides, Yin Zhu, Wei Xing, Hui Zhao, Guizheng Shi, Yuesheng Li, Mengxian Ding

Journal of Electrochemistry

For the first time, the electrochemical behaviors of the three soluble polyimides were studied in the organic and aqueous solutions. It was found that the electrochemical behaviors of PI in the organic solutions are significantly different from that in the aqueous solution. Using the IR spectroscopy and semiempirical molecular orbital calculation and combining the results of the electrochemical measurements, the mechanisms of the electrochemical reactions of polyimides were demonstrated.

Electrode Process Of Lithium Ions On Aluminum Electrode In Molten Licl-Kcl, Shuzhen Duan, Congsheng Guan, Qingrong Shi, Xindong Wang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Deposition mechanism of Lithium on aluminium electrode was studied by using linear sweep voltammetry and potential step method. The formation of α-solid solution was controlled by the diffusion of lithium within the aluminium substance. The formation of β-LiAl alloy was limited by the rate of forming the alloy at the legining, and by diffiusion of lithium through the β- LiAl alloy layer was limited by the rate of forming the alloy at the begining, and by the diffusion of lithium through the β-LiAl alloy later. Neucleation polarization for the formation of β-LiAl alloy was observed. This polarization is an …

Influence Of Buffers On The Electrodeposition Of Nickel From A Watts Bath, Canzh Gao, Yuli Lu, Rutao Liu, Fang Chen, Shuben Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electrochemical reactions occurring during the deposition of nickel from Watts bath have been examined using the voltammetric technique. The important reactions taking place at the anode and cathode have been identified. The influence of buffers HAc,H_3BO_3 and NH_4Cl on the rate of nickel deposition was marked in the lower concentration (0.01-0.05 mol/L) of buffers. The reason why buffers make the rate of nickel deposition increase were discussed.

Investigation Of Pb/Pb~2+And Polypyrrole Electrodes By Use Of Ac ElectrochemicalThermal Method, Jihua Zhuang, Jie Zhang, Liangjun Dong, Hong Xie, Zhiyu Jiang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The values of entropy change for Br/Br_2 and Pb/Pb~2+ electrode reactions were measured by use of the ac electrochemicalthermal method. The influence of alkaline pretreatment on the electrochemical behavior for a polypyrrole electrode was also investigated by this method. It was found that after alkaline pretreatment the eletrochemical activity of polypyrrole electrode was decreased obviously, but it kept partly electrochemicalthermal characteristic as same as that before pretreatment.

Electrochemical Preparation Of Rare Earth Functional Materials And Application Of Rare Earth To Electrochemistry, Qiqin Tong Yexiang Yang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The new progress and related mechanism of the electrochemical preparation of rare earth materials(magnets, magnetooptic materials, battery materials, luminescent devices, semiconductors, superconductors) and the application of rare earth to the electrochemical areas(e.g. electroplating,corrosion,electrosynthses) have introduced.

Studies On Impedance Of Acidcopper Electroplating System, Wen Deng, Zhao Liu, Xiangmin Lin, Hetong Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The impedance characteristics of elementary solution (0.3 mol/L CuSO_4+1.94　mol/L　H_2SO_4) and that with the addition of 60 mg/L Cl~-, 300 mg/L OP_21, 30 mg/L PEG, 10 mg/L 2thiazolinyldithiopropane sulfate(self-synthesized additive) are investigated and interpreted in terms of equivalent circuit. The results indicated: (1) Cl~- ion can increase cathodic polarization. (2) A twostep reaction mechanism corresponds to Cu~2+ reduction, that is: Cu~2+→Cu~+, Cu~+→Cu(adsorption)→Cu(lattice), Cu~2+ react in different forms of complex ion in sulfuric acidcupric sulfate solution with or without Cl~- ion. (3) cupric redution impedance shows dispersion effect in the solution that contains Cl~- ion.

Molecular Inclusion Of Cyclodextrin Polymer And Its Application To Enzyme Electrodes, Huihuang Wu, Baozhang Wu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The inclusion complexation of α-cyclodextin prepolymer host with benzoquinone guest was studied by voltametry. The spectroscopic measurements show that the polycondensation of CD with glutaric dialdehyde forms the polymer (PCD) with pending carbonyl, the latter brings about covalent immobilisation of glucose oxidase (GOD) to polymer chains. Owing to the inclusion complexation of CD, the benzoquinone(BQ) as mediator of GOD can be collected in the enzymecontaining PCD membrane, resulting in high concentration of BQ in the membrane while decreasing its amount in solution. TTF was tested to prepare the immobilised enzyme together with mediator in PCD. The enzyme loading in PCD …

Search For A New Gauge Boson In Π0 Decays, Nomad Collaboration, J. Altegoer, D. Autiero, A. Baldisseri, M. Baldo-Ceolin, G. Ballocchi, M. Banner, S. Basa, G. Bassompierre, K. Benslama, N. Besson, I. Bird, B. Blumenfeld, F. Bobisut, J. Bouchez, S. Boyd, A. Bueno, S. Bunyatov, L. Camilleri, K. Zuber, Roberto Petti, Et. Al.

Faculty Publications

A search was made for a new light gauge boson X which might be produced in π⁰→γ+X decay from neutral pions generated by 450 GeV protons in the CERN SPS neutrino target. The X's would penetrate the downstream shielding and be observed in the NOMAD detector via the Primakoff effect, in the process of X→π⁰ conversion in the external Coulomb field of a nucleus. With 1.45×10¹⁸ protons on target, 20 candidate events with energy between 8 and 140 GeV were found from the analysis of neutrino data. This number is in …

Studies On The Transport Properties Of Zn~2+ In The Zn/V_2o_5 Secondary Battery With Aqueous Medium, Jiahong Zhou, Kuanhong Xue, Guping Pan

Journal of Electrochemistry

The transport properties and the reaction mechanism of Zn~2+ in the cathode material of Zn/V_2O_5 secondary battery with aqueous medium were studied by use of intermittent titration experiments and X-Ray diffraction analysis. The relations of some kinetic parameters to the discharge depth were discussed. The results of the experiments show that the cathodic discharge reaction is an intercalation process.

Application Of Electrochemical Process To Recycling Waste Water From Flotation Of Phosphate Ores, Shixin Sun Wen Yu

Journal of Electrochemistry

The waste water from flotation of phosphate ores can be used to recycling by electrochemical process. The suitable factors of electrochemical process is made by measuring ζ potential and transmittance of the waste water in modified way.

Studies Of Surface Alloy As High Efficient Electrocatalyst For Glyoxylic Acid Synthesis, Shengpei Chen, Shengqing Xia, Shigang Sun

Journal of Electrochemistry

No abstract provided.

A Novel Pt(Ir) Plated Stainless Steel Electrode, Jingying Shi, Xiufeng Xiao, Zeshan Zhu

Journal of Electrochemistry

A novel Pt(Ir) plated stainless steel electrode have been developed, to be applied underpotential deposition and anchor effect. The electrode is provided with the excellent electrochemical characteristic, lt is possible to use the matter as micro-sensor.

Study Of Charged Property On The Interface Of Porous Membrane Of Anodized Aluminum, Yafei Kuang, Ling Wang, Fei Hu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Using electrodialytic method, the relation between the pH value of tested solution and the ζ potential of porous anodized aluminum membrane, which was separated by reverse electrolysis from aluminum substrate, has been investigated. The following results can be obtained in 1.0×10-2 mol/L KCl solution: The pHIEP(isoelectric potential) of the porous membrane is equal to 9.20; In the range of 2.00

An Investigation On Galvanic Corrosion Behavior Of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy And Ti_6al_4v Alloy, Zhijun Bai, Yinshun Wu, Tiancheng Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

The combination of Co-Cr-Mo alloy and Ti_6Al_4V alloy is widely used as total hip prostheses. The objective of this work is to quantify the possibility of the acceleration of corrosion due to the galvanic effect. Electrochemical tests based on mixed potential and protection potential theories were used to study the galvanic corrosion behavior of coupling these alloys. The results indicated that the galvanic potential between two alloys always was in the passive potential zone of the isolated alloy respectively, and that the galvanic current of the couple is same as the corrosion current of isolated alloy under passive state. The …

Study On The Substitution Of Chromium Alloy Electroplating From Trivalent Plating Bath For The Hard Chromium Plating, Huidong Li, Min Li, Huiqi Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

Recently, a vast amount of exploring experiments have been made to solve many deadly defect of existing trivalent chromium plating processes and promote to finally substitute the trivalent chromium for the hexvalent chromium plating. Technical scheme which we substitute the amorphous chromium alloy deposition for the pure chromium is determined step by step and process of amorphous CrFeC alloy plating from trivalent chromium plating bath has been developped successfully. The deposition maintains standard of traditional hexvalent chromium deposition in properties of wearresistance and corrosive wear resistance. Moreover, it completely eliminates serious enviromental pollution and has certain advantages of technological property …