Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reactions Of Aziridino-Olefins, Steven Tymonko '01

Honors Projects

Electrophilic reactions resulting in the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds are important tools in organic synthesis. For example, the acid catalyzed cyclization of epoxy olefins has been well documented, while similar cyclizations with aziridines have been largely unexplored. The aim of this project is to develop and demonstrate the formation of a carbocyclic compound from aziridino-olefins utilizing a Lewis acid to catalyze the cyclization. In working toward this goal, a number of aziridino-olefins were synthesized from isoprenoid start materials. These aziridino-olefins were then reacted with both Lewis and protic acids in an attempt to induce cyclization. As a result, we …

Evidence Of Earliest Known Wildfires, Walter L. Cressler Iii

Earth & Space Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Of Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Reactions In Super- And Subcritical Carbon Dioxide And Under Solventless Reaction Conditions, Kan Nie

Masters Theses

This study investigates the Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of triphenylmethanol with methoxybenzene (anisole) in supercritical and subcritical carbon dioxide, and under solventless reaction conditions. The reaction was initiated using trifluoroacetic acid to produce triphenylmethylcarbocation as the reaction intermediate. Isolated product yields of the Friedel-Crafts product, p-methoxytetraphenylmethane, are reported. The possibility of using the above reaction as an alternative synthesis in an undergraduate organic laboratory to teach some of the tenets of green chemistry is also presented. Additionally, we have investigated the use of benzhydrol, 9-hydroxyxanthene and 9-phenylxanthen-9- ol as potential carbocation sources for supercritical carbon dioxide synthesis and we report those …

A New Error Analysis For Brun's Constant, Thomas R. Nicely

Virginia Journal of Science

Enumeration of the twin primes, and the sum of their reciprocals, is extended to 3 x 10¹⁵, yielding the count π₂(3 x 10¹⁵) = 3310517800844. A more accurate estimate is obtained for Brun’s constant, B2 = 1.90216 05823 ± 0.00000 00008 . Error analysis is presented to support the contentioli that this estimate produces a 95 % confidence interval for B₂. In addition, published values of the count π(x) of primes, obtained previously by indirect means, are verified by direct coiiIit to x = 3 x 10¹⁵

Calibration And Use Of A Combination Atmometer To Estimate Evapotranspiration And Monitor Soil Moisture Storage On Farmland Catchments In Western Australia, K J. Bligh

Resource management technical reports

The readily-operated combination method of estimating evapotranspiration was applied using simple atmometers, calibrated against absolute evapotranspiration. While 76.6 per cent of the variance of estimates was accounted for by the regression in the first season under wheat, no significant results were achieved in a further four seasons. Combined data for two seasons under legume pastures enabled 30.1 per cent of the variance of estimates to be accounted for.

Esperance Downs Research Station : Rehabilitation Report, Harvey Jones

Resource management technical reports

Esperance Downs Research Station (EDRS) was established in 1949 as an experimental farm. Knowledge from trials on the station has been instrumental in development of agriculture throughout the Esperance region. However, land degradation and in particular secondary salinity became widespread by the 1980s. With potential for similar problems to develop in the region, the EDRS rehabilitation program began in 1990/91. This report details the objectives of this project along with implementation procedures and an assessment of its achievements.

The stated aim of the rehabilitation was 'To research and demonstrate economic methods of obtaining production from land affected by salinity, waterlogging …

Groundwater Study Of The Carnamah Townsite, Russell John Speed

Resource management technical reports

Report on a hydrological investigation of Carnamah townsite in Western Australia to establish present groundwater levels and to provide a groundwater monitoring network so that any future risk of salinity could be assessed.

Synthesis And Reactivity Of Tricarbonyl(1-Ethoxy-Carbonyl-2-Methylpentadienyl)Iron(1+) Cation, Young K. Yun, Heiko Bärmann, William Donaldson

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

The title cation was prepared in two steps from the known (ethyl 3-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoate)Fe(CO)3. Reation of the cation with NaBH3CN, methyl cuprate, phthalimide, water, PPh3, or malonate anions gave predominantly the products from nucleophilic attack at the C5 pentadienyl carbon.

A Model Of Precipitation Rates In Kentucky, 1965-1996, Kevin Cary

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Hourly precipitation data from thirty cooperative stations in Kentucky from 1965 to 1996 were used to determine the diurnal distribution of precipitation rates. Descriptive summaries for the diurnal distribution for each climate division in Kentucky and for Kentucky as a whole were calculated. In each case, the trends were similar. Precipitation rates increased into the afternoon and then decreased until sunrise. A stochastic model was developed to estimate mean seasonal precipitation rates in Kentucky by using regional and localized parameters. More than half of the variation (r2 = 0.57) in precipitation rates can be explained by the following variables: 1) …

Environmental Change And The Central Great Plains, David Gosselin

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Environmental Change And The Central Great Plain, Water Resources, David Gosselin

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Agricultural Management Practices And The Groundwater System Of Northern Holt County, Nebraska, With A Focus On The Holt County Groundwater Education Project, Susan Olafsen Lackey, Charles Shapiro, William Kranz

Conservation and Survey Division

No abstract provided.

Organization And Bifurcation Of Planar Closed Orbits Of An Atomic Electron In Crossed Fields, D. M. Wang, John B. Delos

Arts & Sciences Articles

We describe the patterns of creation and splitting of planar closed orbits of electrons in hydrogen atoms in crossed electric and magnetic fields. These orbits lie in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field, and they start and end at the nucleus. Using a Poincaré map to study the regular motions, we observe that the bifurcations of planar closed orbits fall into an ordered sequence as energy changes: a “tangent bifurcation” creates one closed orbit that splits into two; subsequently, one of them becomes periodic, and splits by a “pitchfork bifurcation” into two periodic orbits and one closed orbit. Based …

Infrared Spectroscopy Of H-Bonded Bridges Stretched Across The Cis-Amide Group: I. Water Bridges, Joel R. Carney, A. V. Fedorov, John R. Cable, Timothy S. Zwier

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The water-containing clusters of oxindole (OI) and 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (DQ) have been studied in the hydride stretch region of the infrared by the technique of resonant ion-dip infrared spectroscopy (RIDIRS). Both OI and DQ are constrained cis-amides with adjacent N-H and C=O groups between which water can form H-bonded bridges. The hydride stretch fundamentals of OI-W-n with n = 1-3 and DQ-W-n with n = 1, 2 without exception divide up into free OH stretch fundamentals near 3700 cm(-1) and a set of H-bonded bridge fundamentals in the 3200-3450 cm(-1) region. The bridge fundamentals show a distribution of intensities that reflects …

Mitigation Of Water Vapor Interference For Infrared Polarization-Modulated Gas Filter Correlation Radiometry, David K. Lockwood

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Gas filter correlation radiometry (GFCR) is a high-resolution, high-specificity technique for sensing gaseous species. A variation of absorption spectroscopy, GFCR has a long-proven record on orbital platforms for quantitative measurements of atmospheric constituents, as well as common usage in ground-based sensing applications. PMGFCR (Polarization-modulated GFCR) is a recent refinement of the technique with several advantages over the traditional method, including reducing the number of photodetectors required, increased sensitivity, and elimination of moving parts.

To date, no infrared remote sensors have successfully measured nitric oxide (NO) in vehicle exhaust due to spectral overlap by strong water vapor (H₂O_{v …}

Coherent Differential Absorption Lidar For Combined Measurement Of Wind And Trace Atmospheric Gases, Grady James Koch

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

A lidar system was developed for making combined range-resolved measurements of wind speed and direction, water vapor concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere. This lidar combines the coherent Doppler technique for wind detection and the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique to provide a multifunctional capability. DIAL and coherent lidars have traditionally been thought of and implemented as separate instruments, but the research reported here has shown a demonstration of combining the coherent and DIAL techniques into a single instrument using solid-state lasers. The lasers used are of Ho:Tm:YLF, which operates at a wavelength of 2 μm. This wavelength …

Topic Detection, Tracking, And Trend Analysis Using Self-Organizing Neural Networks, Kanagasabai Rajaraman, Ah-Hwee Tan

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We address the problem of Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) and subsequently detecting trends from a stream of text documents. Formulating TDT as a clustering problem in a class of self-organizing neural networks, we propose an incremental clustering algorithm. On this setup we show how trends can be identified. Through experimental studies, we observe that our method enables discovering interesting trends that are deducible only from reading all relevant documents.

Hand Intensive Leisure Activities And Repetitive Motion Injuries Of The Distal Upper Extremities, Marilyn Colvin Wright

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background. The work-relatedness of repetitive motion injuries to the distal upper extremities (RMI-DUEs) has been well documented; however, human occupation extends beyond the job to include self-care and leisure activities. The effects of hand intensive leisure activities (HILAs) such as home computer use and needlework on RMI-DUEs have not been explored. These HILAs require hand usage similar to known work-related risk factors. Additionally, sedentary leisure contributes to obesity thereby increasing the disease burden of women. Health beliefs regarding leisure and fitness among women employed in hand intensive sedentary jobs have not been explored.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was …

Do Species And Functional Groups Differ In Acquisition And Use Of C, N And Water Under Varying Atmospheric Co2 And N Availability Regimes? A Field Test With 16 Grassland Species, Peter B. Reich, David Tilman, Joseph Craine, David Ellsworth, Mark G. Tjoelker, Johannes M. H. Knops, David A. Wedin, Shahid Naeem, Dan Bahauddin, Jenny Goth, Wendy Bengtson, Tali D. Lee

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Summary:

• To evaluate whether functional groups have a similar response to global change, the responses to CO₂ concentration and N availability of grassland species from several functional groups are reported here.
• Sixteen perennial grassland species from four trait-based functional groups (C₃ grasses, C₄ grasses, non-leguminous forbs, legumes) were grown in field mono-cultures under ambient or elevated (560 μmol mol^-1) CO₂using free-air CO₂enrichment (FACE), in low N (unamended field soil) or high N (field soil + 4 g N m^-2 years^-1) treatments.
• There were no CO …

2001 - The Sixth Annual Symposium Of Student Scholars

Symposium of Student Scholars Program Books

The full program book from the Sixth Annual Symposium of Student Scholars, held on March 30, 2001. Includes abstracts from the presentations and posters.

Dogs Increase Recovery Of Passerine Carcasses In Dense Vegetation, H. Jeffrey Homan, George M. Linz, Brian D. Peer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wildlife managers use carcass searches to assess mortality resulting from biological (e.g., diseases) and physical (e.g., structure collisions) sources. Carcass searches may occur over large areas and need to be completed rapidly because of scavenging and decomposition. However, small carcasses are often missed when dense vegetation is searched. We placed carcasses of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) in dense cover of residual and newly grown vegetation and compared searching efficiency of humans and canines. Dogs received no special training in searching for passerine carcasses. In 36 trials conducted in 5 x 40-m plots, human searchers found 45% (SD=19) of the carcasses …

Comparison Of Active Ingredients And Delivery Systems In Deer Repellents, Kimberly K. Wagner, Dale L. Nolte

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In some situations chemical repellents are a socially appealing nonlethal alternative to reduce deer (Odocoileus spp.) damage to plants. New products are continually becoming available, but their ability to repel deer is very variable. We tested 20 repellents representing 4 modes of action (fear, pain, taste, and aversive conditioning) and 2 delivery systems (topical applications and area repellents [scent packets]) to evaluate current products and identify trends that could be used to predict efficacy of future products. During fall 1998, we placed treated western red cedar (Thuja plicata) seedlings in pastures with black-tai led deer (Odocoileus …

Using Iophenoxic Acid Injections Of Prey To Identify Mammals That Feed On Them, Frederick F. Knowlton, Stanley R. Olmstead

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Identifying species or individuals that feed upon other species of animals is an important aspect of some predation studies. We evaluated the effectiveness with which the biomark associated with iophenoxic acid (IA) injections was transferred from domestic goats to coyotes (Canis latrans) that fed on them. We injected doses of 100, 300, or 1,000 mg of IA into goats to raise serum iodine levels, fed meat from the injected goats to coyotes, and monitored serum iodine levels in both species for about I20 days. Within 3 days, mean serum iodine levels in goats increased from 5.33 mcg/I 00 ml to …

Integrated Management Tactics To Assess Risk And Reduce Damage To Conifer Reforestation By Pocket Gophers, Richard M. Engeman, Gary W. Witmer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

In the western United States, pocket gophers pose an acute and chronic problem for forest managers to overcome. Gophers cause extensive damage to seedlings and can delay reforestation for decades.. Here we examine the predictive factors for assessing the risk for damage and the available control tools and damage control strategies. The information is reviewed and summarized so that an integrated damage reduction plan can be developed in a logical, cost-effective, and environmentally responsible fashion..

Comparison Of Primary And Secondary Repellents For Aversive Conditioning Of European Starlings, Roger W. Sayre, Larry Clark

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Secondary repellents have been demonstrated to effectively reduce avian crop depredation. However, these compounds frequently are toxins and there are concerns about environmental safety. Many primary repellents are toxicologically and environmentally safer, but these chemicals are not as effective when traditional delivery methods are used. We set out to determine whether the difference in efficacy of primary vs. secondary repellents was due to differences in potency of the chemical classes or site of action within the animal. We hypothesized that the efficacy of primary repellents could be enhanced if they could be delivered directly to the gastrointestinal system, thus by-passing …

Pulp Cavity-Tooth Width Ratios From Known-Age And Wild-Caught Coyotes Determined By Radiography, Frederick F. Knowlton, Susan L. Whittemore

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Although the relative sizes of pulp cavities in teeth are used frequently to identify various age classes of carnivores, validation of the technique has received little attention. We measured the pulp cavities and tooth widths based on radiographs of canine and premolar teeth from a large sample of known-age, pen-reared coyotes (Canis latrans) and from samples of wild-caught coyotes of unknown age. The ratio of pulp cavity to tooth width decreased rapidly through the first year of life. Although canine tooth ratios of juvenile, yearling, and adult coyotes differed, variations within yearling and adult groups precluded accurate assignment …

Separability Of Tilings, Nicholas Baeth, Jason Deblois, Lisa Powell

Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR)

A tiling by triangles of an orientable surfaces is called kaleidoscopic if the local reflection in any edge of a triangle extends to a global isometry of the surface. Given such a global reflection the fixed point subset of the reflection consists of embedded circles (ovals) whose union is called the mirror of the reflection. The reflection is called separating if removal of the mirror disconnects the surface into two components. We consider surfaces such that the orientation preserving subgroup of the tiling group generated by the reflection is cyclic or abelian. A complete classification of those surfaces with separating …

Stochastic Comparision And Dependence Among Order Statistics,Spacing And Concomitants Of Order Statistics., Baha-Eldin Khaledi Dr.

Doctoral Theses

The simplest and the most common way of comparing two random variables is through their means and variances. It may happen that in some cases the median of X is larger than the median of Y, while the mean of X is smaller than the mean of Y. However, this confusion will not arise if the random variables are stochastically ordered. Similarly, the same may happen if one would like to compare the variability of X with that of Y based only on numerical measures of variability. Besides, these characteristics of distributions might not exist in some cases. In most …

Climatology And Modeling Of Quasi-Monochromatic Atmospheric Gravity Waves Observed Over Urbana Illinois, J. H. Hecht, R. L. Walterscheid, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., S. J. Franke

Publications

From analyzing nine months of airglow imaging observations of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) over Adelaide, Australia (35°S) [Walterscheid et al., 1999] have proposed that many of the quasi-monochromatic waves seen in the images were primarily thermally ducted. Here are presented 15 months of observations, from February 1996 to May 1997, for AGW frequency and propagation direction from a northern latitude site, Urbana Illinois (40°N). As Adelaide, Urbana is geographically distant from large orographic features. Similar to what was found in Adelaide, the AGWs seem to originate from a preferred location during the time period around summer solstice. In …

Turbulent Conductivity Measurements In A Spherical Liquid Sodium Flow, Amy Reighard , '01, Michael R. Brown

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We report the first measurement of a reduction in the conductivity of liquid sodium due to turbulence in a spherical flow (the beta effect). The sodium is contained in a 0.15 m diameter sphere, typical flow speeds are about 1 m/s, and magnetic Reynold's numbers range from 1 to 8. We find a reduction from the molecular value of the conductivity of about 4%. Results are in rough agreement with simple predictions from mean-field electrodynamics.