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2001

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Articles 2011 - 2040 of 3030

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Synthesizable Design Of A Multi-Module Memory Controller, Sarang Dharmapurikar, John W. Lockwood Jan 2001

Synthesizable Design Of A Multi-Module Memory Controller, Sarang Dharmapurikar, John W. Lockwood

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Random Access Memory (RAM) is a common resources needed by networking hardware modules. Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM) provides a cost effective solution for such data storage. As the packet processing speeds in the hardware increase memory throughput can be a bottleneck to achieve overall high performance. Typically there are multiple hardware modules which perform different operations on the packet payload and hence all try to access the common packet buffer simultaneously. This gives rise to a need for a memory controller which arbitrates between the memory requests made by different modules and maximizes the memory throughput. This paper discusses the …

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Embedding Images In Non-Flat Spaces, Robert Pless Jan 2001

Embedding Images In Non-Flat Spaces, Robert Pless

All Computer Science and Engineering Research

Multi-dimensional scaling is an analysis tool which transforms pairwise distances between points to an embedding of points in space which are consistent with those distances. Two recent techniques in statistical patter recognition, locally linear embedding (LLE) and Isomap, give a mechanism for finding the structure underlying point sets for which comparisons or distances are only meaningful between nearby points. We give a direct method to extend the embedding algorithm to new topologies, finding the optimal embedding of points whose geodesic distance on a surface mathes the given pairwise distance measurements. Surfaces considered include spheres, cylinders, tori, and their higher dimensional …

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Time Evolving States, Ronald Lovett Jan 2001

Time Evolving States, Ronald Lovett

Topics in Quantum Mechanics

No abstract provided.

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Hydrologic Events And Water Quality In The Pigeon River, Ottawa County, Michigan, Neil W. Macdonald, Richard R. Rediske, Jonathan E. Van Denend Jan 2001

Hydrologic Events And Water Quality In The Pigeon River, Ottawa County, Michigan, Neil W. Macdonald, Richard R. Rediske, Jonathan E. Van Denend

Peer Reviewed Publications

The Pigeon River drains a 16,765-ha agricultural watershed in western Ottawa County, Michigan and discharges into south-central Lake Michigan. Extensive areas of wetlands in the upper watershed were drained in the 1920s, causing significantly altered hydrology characteristics by flashy discharges during storms and periods of snowmelt. We studied stream chemistry and hydrology for a four-year period between September, 1996, and October, 2000, to determine water quality status, to estimate annual nutrient exports, and to evaluate the effects of different seasonal flow types. Results of our study confirmed that the upper reaches of the Pigeon River experience chronically degraded water quality, …

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Water Resources Year In Review - Winter 2001, Annis Water Resource Institute Jan 2001

Water Resources Year In Review - Winter 2001, Annis Water Resource Institute

AWRI Reviews

No abstract provided.

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Investigation Of Magnetopause Reconnection Models Using Two Colocated, Low‐Altitude Satellites: A Unifying Reconnection Geometry, A. Boudouridis, Harlan E. Spence, T. G. Onsager Jan 2001

Investigation Of Magnetopause Reconnection Models Using Two Colocated, Low‐Altitude Satellites: A Unifying Reconnection Geometry, A. Boudouridis, Harlan E. Spence, T. G. Onsager

Physics & Astronomy

Ion precipitation data from two co-orbiting Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites (F6 and F8) are used to investigate magnetopause reconnection models. We examine differential fluxes between 30 eV and 30 keV, from a Southern Hemisphere, prenoon pass during the morning of January 10, 1990. Data from the first satellite to pass through the region (F6) show two distinct ion energy dispersions •-1 ø of latitude apart, between 76 ø and 79 ø magnetic latitude. The electron data exhibit similar features at around the same region but with no or little energy dispersion, consistent with their high velocities. We suggest that …

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Guidelines For Development Of Courses For Delivery Over The Iowa Communications Network, Gary F. Hasman Jan 2001

Guidelines For Development Of Courses For Delivery Over The Iowa Communications Network, Gary F. Hasman

CCE Theses and Dissertations

This paper examines the quality of education as it relates to the Iowa Communications Network (ICN). It reviews the literature to determine a working definition of quality that was used to create a list of characteristics desirable in teachers who use technology. A list of such teachers was solicited from three administrative committees of the ICN and from the directors of the state's 15 area education agencies. Four teachers were selected from the list and their approach to creating programs for delivery over the ICN was examined. Personal interviews were used to discover commonalities among the four teachers' approaches to …

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Bayesian Multiscale Deconvolution Applied To Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy, C A. Young, A Connors, E Kolaczyk, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Rank, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder Jan 2001

Bayesian Multiscale Deconvolution Applied To Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy, C A. Young, A Connors, E Kolaczyk, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Rank, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder

Space Science Center

A common task in gamma-ray astronomy is to extract spectral information, such as model constraints and incident photon spectrum estimates, given the measured energy deposited in a detector and the detector response. This is the classic problem of spectral “deconvolution” or spectral inversion. The methods of forward folding (i.e., parameter fitting) and maximum entropy “deconvolution” (i.e., estimating independent input photon rates for each individual energy bin) have been used successfully for gamma-ray solar flares (e.g., Rank, 1997; Share and Murphy, 1995). These methods have worked well under certain conditions but there are situations were they don’t apply. These are: 1) …

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Comptel Observations Of The Virgo Blazars 3c 273 And 3c 279, W Collmar, V Schonfelder, S Zhang, H Bloemen, W Hermsen, Mark L. Mcconnell, K Bennett, O R. Williams Jan 2001

Comptel Observations Of The Virgo Blazars 3c 273 And 3c 279, W Collmar, V Schonfelder, S Zhang, H Bloemen, W Hermsen, Mark L. Mcconnell, K Bennett, O R. Williams

Space Science Center

We report the main MeV properties (detections, light curves, spectra) of the Virgo blazars 3C 273 and 3C 279 which were derived from a consistent analysis of all COMPTEL Virgo observations between 1991 and 1997.

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Gamma-Ray Spectral Variability Of Cygnus X-1, Mark L. Mcconnell, K Bennett, H Bloemen, W Collmar, W Hermsen, L Kuiper, W Paciesas, B F. Phlips, J Poutanen, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong, A A. Zdziarski Jan 2001

Gamma-Ray Spectral Variability Of Cygnus X-1, Mark L. Mcconnell, K Bennett, H Bloemen, W Collmar, W Hermsen, L Kuiper, W Paciesas, B F. Phlips, J Poutanen, James M. Ryan, V Schonfelder, H Steinle, A W. Strong, A A. Zdziarski

Space Science Center

We have used observations from CGRO to study the variation in the MeV emission of Cygnus X-1 between its low and high X-ray states. These data provide a measurement of the spectral variability above 1 MeV. The high state MeV spectrum is found to be much harder than that of the low state MeV spectrum. In particular, the power-law emission seen at hard X-ray energies in the high state spectrum (with a photon spectral index of 2.6) is found to extend out to at least 5 MeV, with no evidence for any cutoff. Here we present the data and describe …

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Energetic Proton Spectra In The 11 June 1991 Solar Flare, C A. Young, K Bennett, A Connors, R Diehl, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Rank, James M. Ryan, R Suleiman, V Schonfelder, C Winkler Jan 2001

Energetic Proton Spectra In The 11 June 1991 Solar Flare, C A. Young, K Bennett, A Connors, R Diehl, Mark L. Mcconnell, G Rank, James M. Ryan, R Suleiman, V Schonfelder, C Winkler

Space Science Center

The June 11, 1991 gamma-ray flare seen by the Compton Gamma-ray Observatory (CGRO) displays several features that make it a dynamic and rich event. It is a member of a class of long duration gamma-ray events with both 2.223 MeV and greater than 8 MeV emission for hours after the impulsive phase. It also contains an inter-phase between the impulsive and extended phases that presents a challenge to the standard gamma-ray line (GRL) flare picture. This phase has strong 2.223 MeV emission and relatively weak 4.44 MeV emission indicative of a very hard parent proton spectrum. However, this would indicate …

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Sontrac—A Scintillating Plastic Fiber Tracking Detector For Neutron And Proton Imaging Spectroscopy, James M. Ryan, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, R S. Miller Jan 2001

Sontrac—A Scintillating Plastic Fiber Tracking Detector For Neutron And Proton Imaging Spectroscopy, James M. Ryan, John R. Macri, Mark L. Mcconnell, R S. Miller

Space Science Center

SONTRAC (SOlar Neutron TRACking imager and spectrometer) is a conceptual instrument intended to measure the energy and incident direction of 20–150 MeV neutrons produced in solar flares. The intense neutron background in a low-Earth orbit requires that imaging techniques be employed to maximize an instrument’s signal-to-noise ratio. The instrument is comprised of mutually perpendicular, alternating layers of parallel, scintillating, plastic fibers that are viewed by optoelectronic devices. Two stereoscopic views of recoil proton tracks are necessary to determine the incident neutron’s direction and energy. The instrument can also be used as a powerful energetic proton imager. Data from a fully …

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X- And Gamma-Ray Observations Of The 15 November 1991 Solar Flare, M B. Arndt, A Connors, J Lockwood, Mark L. Mcconnell, R Suleiman, James M. Ryan, C A. Young, G Rank, V Schonfelder, H Debrunner, K Bennett, O R. Williams, C Winkler Jan 2001

X- And Gamma-Ray Observations Of The 15 November 1991 Solar Flare, M B. Arndt, A Connors, J Lockwood, Mark L. Mcconnell, R Suleiman, James M. Ryan, C A. Young, G Rank, V Schonfelder, H Debrunner, K Bennett, O R. Williams, C Winkler

Space Science Center

This work expands the current understanding of the 15 November 1991 Solar Flare. The flare was a well observed event in radio to gamma-rays and is the first flare to be extensively studied with the benefit of detailed soft and hard X-ray images. In this work, we add data from all four instruments on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. Using these data we determined that the accelerated electron spectrum above 170 keV is best fit with a power law with a spectral index of −4.6, while the accelerated proton spectrum above 0.6 MeV is fit with a power law of …

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Study Of 5 And 10 Mm Thick Czt Strip Detectors, John R. Macri, Pierre C. Dufour, L A. Hamel, M Julien, Mark L. Mcconnell, M Mcclish, James M. Ryan, Mark Widholm Jan 2001

Study Of 5 And 10 Mm Thick Czt Strip Detectors, John R. Macri, Pierre C. Dufour, L A. Hamel, M Julien, Mark L. Mcconnell, M Mcclish, James M. Ryan, Mark Widholm

Space Science Center

We report progress in the study of 5 and 10 mm thick CZT strip detectors featuring orthogonal coplanar anode contacts. This novel anode geometry combines the advantages of pixel detectors with those of double-sided strip detectors. Like pixel detectors, these are electron-only devices that perform well as hard x-ray and y-ray spectrometers and imagers even in the thicker configurations required for reasonable detection efficiency at 1 MeV. Like double-sided strip detectors in an N x N configuration, these detectors require only 2N readout channels to form N2 “pixels”. Unlike doublesided strip detectors, all signal contacts for spectroscopy and 3- d …

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Surficial Backscatter Of The Eel River Margin: It's Just Gas!, Luciano E. Fonseca, Larry A. Mayer, Neal Driscoll, Dan Orange, Janet Yun Jan 2001

Surficial Backscatter Of The Eel River Margin: It's Just Gas!, Luciano E. Fonseca, Larry A. Mayer, Neal Driscoll, Dan Orange, Janet Yun

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

No abstract provided.

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On The Origin Of Reverse Polarity Tcrs, Mark B. Moldwin, Michael R. Collier, James A. Slavin, Adam Szabo Jan 2001

On The Origin Of Reverse Polarity Tcrs, Mark B. Moldwin, Michael R. Collier, James A. Slavin, Adam Szabo

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

Reverse polarity, or South-then-North (SN) bipolar, traveling compression regions (SN TCRs) are often observed in the Earth's magnetotail lobes. These events have been interpreted as either slowly earthward propagating "proto-plasmoids" during extremely quiet geomagnetic conditions, or due to pressure pulses in the solar wind or magnetosheath compressing the magnetotail. This study presents a survey of 21 IMP 8 observations of SN TCRs and the corresponding solar wind pressure conditions as measured by WIND. We found that solar wind or magnetosheath pressure pulses nicely explain most (17), though not all, of the SN TCR observations. Therefore, it appears that both explanations …

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Tracking Of Moving Objects In Scenery Using Subspace Projection Using Independent Component Analysis, Brian J. Noe, Fredric M. Ham Jan 2001

Tracking Of Moving Objects In Scenery Using Subspace Projection Using Independent Component Analysis, Brian J. Noe, Fredric M. Ham

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

A system is developed for tracking moving objects though natural scenery. A technique is presented for performing change detection on imagery to determine the difference between two images or a sequence of images. Form there an algorithm is presented to detect the presence of a new object and/or the deletion of objects. Then the application of a Variable Structure Interacting Multiple Model tracking filter is presented. The method of performing change detection is based upon the concept of image subspace projection. A set of basis image maps are formed when combined with a mixing matrix can recreate the original image. …

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Computer Graphics Optique: Optical Superposition Of Projected Computer Graphics, Aditi Majumder Jan 2001

Computer Graphics Optique: Optical Superposition Of Projected Computer Graphics, Aditi Majumder

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

We present some ideas and demonstrations for a hybrid projector-based rendering and display technique we call Computer Graphics Optique. Instead of partially overlapping projected images to achieve a wide-area display, we completely overlap projected images on top of each other to achieve the addition of light and color in an "optical composition buffer''. The idea is to use the optical composition to replace some analytical computation, to increase rendering speed, gain flexibility, intensity range, and intensity resolution. Where projector-based displays are appropriate, potential uses include the optical realization of certain effects normally requiring a digital accumulation buffer, the optical composition …

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Energy Content Of The Stormtime Ring Current, Niescja E. Turner, D N. Baker, T I. Pulkkinen, J L. Roeder, J F. Fennell, V K. Jordanova Jan 2001

Energy Content Of The Stormtime Ring Current, Niescja E. Turner, D N. Baker, T I. Pulkkinen, J L. Roeder, J F. Fennell, V K. Jordanova

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research

Given the important role the ring current plays in magnetospheric energetics, it is essential to understand its strength and evolution in disturbed times. There are currently three main methods for deducing the strength of the ring current: measuring ground magnetic perturbations, measuring high-altitude magnetic perturbations, or directly measuring ring current particles. The use of ground magnetometers is the most convenient, and many use the ground magnetometer-derived Dst index as a proxy for the ring current. Recent work suggests, however, that a substantial portion of Dst may not be caused only by the ring current but also by local induction effects …

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Ring Current Ion Composition During Solar Minimum And Rising Solar Activity: Polar/Cammice/Mics Results, T I. Pulkkinen, N Yu Ganushkina, D N. Baker, Niescja E. Turner, J F. Fennell, J L. Roeder, T A. Fritz, M Grande, B Kellett, G Kettmann Jan 2001

Ring Current Ion Composition During Solar Minimum And Rising Solar Activity: Polar/Cammice/Mics Results, T I. Pulkkinen, N Yu Ganushkina, D N. Baker, Niescja E. Turner, J F. Fennell, J L. Roeder, T A. Fritz, M Grande, B Kellett, G Kettmann

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research

This paper shows statistical results of the ring current ion composition and its variability as a function of solar cycle and magnetospheric activity for 3 < L < 8. Spin-averaged energetic particle (1-200 keV) measurements from Polar are combined with geomagnetic indices as well as solar wind and interplanetary observations from the Wind spacecraft during a period from September 1996 to March 1999. The statistics are performed both for time-averaged values for all periods as well as for peak flux values during geomagnetic storms (defined as Dst < -50 nT) that occurred during this period. The average O+ energy density increases by about a factor of 5 during the rising phase of the solar cycle from the minimum values in 1996, while the average values of H+ and He show variability but no consistently increasing trend. The O+ flux is small (below 10%) compared with the hydrogen flux, and the average energy density ranges from a few percent at solar minimum to ∼10% at high solar activity time in …

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A Spatial-Temporal Statistical Approach To Command And Control Problems In Battle-Space Digitization, David A. Wendt, Noel A. Cressie, Gardar Johannesson Jan 2001

A Spatial-Temporal Statistical Approach To Command And Control Problems In Battle-Space Digitization, David A. Wendt, Noel A. Cressie, Gardar Johannesson

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

There are considerable difficulties in the integration, visualization, and overall management of battle-space information for the purpose of Command and Control (C2). One problem that we see as being important is the timely combination of digital information from multiple (possibly disparate) sources in a dynamically evolving environment. That is, there is a need to assimilate incoming data rapidly, so as to provide the battle commander with up-to-date knowledge about the battle-space and thereby to facilitate the command-decision process. In this paper, we present a spatial-temporal approach to obtaining accurate estimates of the constantly changing battlefield, based on noisy data from …

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Application Of A Fuzzy Controller To Seismically Excited Nonlinear Buildings, Mohammed Al-Dawod, Bijan Samali, Kenny Kwok, Fazel Naghdy Jan 2001

Application Of A Fuzzy Controller To Seismically Excited Nonlinear Buildings, Mohammed Al-Dawod, Bijan Samali, Kenny Kwok, Fazel Naghdy

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

Focuses on the benchmark control problems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings defined by Ohtori et al. (2000). This benchmark study focuses on three typical steel structures, 3-, 9- and 20-storey buildings designed for the SAC project for Los Angeles in the California region. The first stage of applying the fuzzy controller to this benchmark study for the 3-storey building is reported. The main advantage of the fuzzy controller is its inherent robustness and ability to handle the non-linear behaviour of the structure. This benchmark study is based on a number of evaluation criteria and control constraints and these limitations are …

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Development And Performance Analysis Of A Single Axis Linear Motor, Jeffrey W. Moscrop, Christopher David Cook, Fazel Naghdy Jan 2001

Development And Performance Analysis Of A Single Axis Linear Motor, Jeffrey W. Moscrop, Christopher David Cook, Fazel Naghdy

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

The ever-increasing demands placed on industrial machine tool manufacturers, for greater speeds and accuracies, are beginning to exceed the capabilities of current machine tool technologies. However, the ongoing revolution in computer, sensor and actuator technologies has introduced the potential of economically meeting these higher demands through new approaches in machine tool design. One actuator technology currently influencing high precision industrial automation is the linear motor. This paper details the development of a single axis linear motor test-bed, replicating one axis of a laser cutting machine tool. Through analysis of system stiffness and torque disturbances, the performance of the linear motor …

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Values Of Minors Of (1,-1) Incidence Matrices Of Sbibds And Their Application To The Growth Problem, C. Koukouvinos, M. Mitrouli, Jennifer Seberry Jan 2001

Values Of Minors Of (1,-1) Incidence Matrices Of Sbibds And Their Application To The Growth Problem, C. Koukouvinos, M. Mitrouli, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

We obtain explicit formulae for the values of the v - j minors, j = 0,1,2 of (1, -1) incidence matrices of SBIBD(v,k,λ). This allows us to obtain explicit information on the growth problem for families of matrices with moderate growth. An open problem remians to establish whether the (1, -1) CP incidence matrices of SBIBD(v,k,λ), can have growth greater than V for families other than Hadamard families.

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Harmonic Allocation Constant For Implementation Of As/Nzs 61000.3.6, D A. Robinson, Victor J. Gosbell, Sarath Perera Jan 2001

Harmonic Allocation Constant For Implementation Of As/Nzs 61000.3.6, D A. Robinson, Victor J. Gosbell, Sarath Perera

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

Allocation of equal harmonic emission rights to MV customers having the same maximum demand is a key concept in the new Australian harmonic standard AS/NZS 61000.3.6 [1]. Some difficulty can arise with the application of the standard when customers are spread out along a feeder with significantly different fault levels. One proposed method of overcoming this problem is to reduce the allocation as the square root of the fault level [2]. This method requires the calculation of an allocation constant that is applied to all customers connected to the same zone substation. This paper gives a methodology for calculating the …

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Harmonic Survey Of An Mv Distribution System, Victor J. Gosbell, Damian Mannix, D A. Robinson, Sarath Perera Jan 2001

Harmonic Survey Of An Mv Distribution System, Victor J. Gosbell, Damian Mannix, D A. Robinson, Sarath Perera

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

The harmonic survey of a medium voltage distribution system involves three major aspects: (i) the choice of harmonic monitor, (ii) the choice of monitoring site, (iii) processing and presentation of results. As well as a discussion of the methodology for these aspects, the paper will discuss the harmonic levels measured, the minimum survey requirements for finding useful data and the harmonic parameters of residential, commercial and industrial loads.

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Characterisation Of High Temperature Superconducting Coils, Christopher David Cook, Sarath Perera, Thomas Hardjono Jan 2001

Characterisation Of High Temperature Superconducting Coils, Christopher David Cook, Sarath Perera, Thomas Hardjono

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

Some power engineering systems, such as efficient energy storage for power quality improvement, can be potentially made more efficient if implemented with large coils made of high temperature superconductors (HTS). However, the losses of HTS coils carrying AC current limit their usage in practical applications. It has been shown previously that a thin pancake coil with relatively large diameter can be modelled as straight tapes arranged in a face-to-face stack. This paper reviews those results. In addition, measurements on a more realistic larger HTS coil were carried out. It is shown that the model assumptions provide less accurate results for …

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Signal Analysis Using A Multiresolution Form Of The Singular Value Decomposition, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Philip Ogunbona Jan 2001

Signal Analysis Using A Multiresolution Form Of The Singular Value Decomposition, Ramakrishna Kakarala, Philip Ogunbona

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

This paper proposes a multiresolution form of the singular value decomposition (SVD) and shows how it may be used for signal analysis and approximation. It is well-known that the SVD has optimal decorrelation and subrank approximation properties. The multiresolution form of SVD proposed here retains those properties, and moreover, has linear computational complexity. By using the multiresolution SVD, the following important characteristics of a signal may be measured, at each of several levels of resolution: isotropy, sphericity of principal components, self-similarity under scaling, and resolution of mean-squared error into meaningful components. Theoretical calculations are provided for simple statistical models to …

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2d To Pseudo-3d Conversion Of "Head And Shoulder" Images Using Feature Based Parametric Disparity Maps, Chaminda Weerasinghe, Philip Ogunbona, Wanqing Li Jan 2001

2d To Pseudo-3d Conversion Of "Head And Shoulder" Images Using Feature Based Parametric Disparity Maps, Chaminda Weerasinghe, Philip Ogunbona, Wanqing Li

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

This paper presents a method of converting a 2D still photo containing the head & shoulders of a human (e.g. a passport photo) to pseudo-3D, so that the depth can be perceived via stereopsis. This technology has the potential to be included in self-serve photo booths and, also as an added accessory (i.e. software package) for digital still cameras and scanners. The basis of the algorithm is to exploit the ability of the human visual system in combining monoscopic and stereoscopic cues for depth perception. Common facial features are extracted from the 2D photograph, in order to create a parametric …

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Short Amicable Sets And Kharaghani Type Orthogonal Designs, C. Koukouvinos, Jennifer Seberry Jan 2001

Short Amicable Sets And Kharaghani Type Orthogonal Designs, C. Koukouvinos, Jennifer Seberry

Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive)

Short amicable sets were introduced recently and have many applications. The construction of short amicable sets had lead to the construction of many orthogonal designs, weighing matrices and Hadamard matrices. In this paper we give some constructions for short amicable sets as well as some multiplication theorems. We also present a table of the short amicable sets known to exist and we construct some infinite families of short amicable sets and orthogonal designs.

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