Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Wildlife Damage News, Volume 2, Summer 2001

Wildlife Damage News

CONTENTS:
Managing Human-Wildlife Conflicts Program Work Team by Kristi Sullivan, Wildlife Communications Specialist Cornell Department of Natural Resources
The Promise of QDM by Gary Goff, Senior Extension Associate Cornell Department of Natural Resource
Summertime House Guests by Lynn Braband, Extension Associate NYS Community IPM Program at Cornell University
Review of Current Literature –excerpted by Kristi Sullivan
Reader’s Quest by Kristi Sullivan, How do I keep a yellow-bellied sapsucker from pecking holes in my tree?
Upcoming Meetings and Events

Resource Law Notes Newsletter, No. 52, Summer 2001, University Of Colorado Boulder. Natural Resources Law Center

Resource Law Notes: The Newsletter of the Natural Resources Law Center (1984-2002)

No abstract provided.

Quorum Sensing In The Dimorphic Fungus Candida Albicans Is Mediated By Farnesol, Jacob M. Hornby, Ellen C. Jensen, Amber C. Lisec, Joseph J. Tasto, Brandon Jahnke, Richard Shoemaker, Patrick Dussault, Kenneth W. Nickerson

Patrick Dussault Publications

The inoculum size effect in the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans results from production of an extracellular quorum-sensing molecule (QSM). This molecule prevents mycelial development in both a growth morphology assay and a differentiation assay using three chemically distinct triggers for germ tube formation (GTF): L-proline, N-acetylglucosamine, and serum (either pig or fetal bovine). In all cases, the presence of QSM prevents the yeast-to-mycelium conversion, resulting in actively budding yeasts without influencing cellular growth rates. QSM exhibits general cross-reactivity within C. albicans in that supernatants from strain A72 are active on five other strains of C. albicans and vice versa. …

The Blazhko Effect Of The Rr Lyrae Star Fm Persei, Kevin M. Lee, Edward G. Schmidt

Edward Schmidt Publications

We have obtained 615 new V and R observations of the RR Lyrae star FM Per. A period search identified a primary period of 0.489256 days; however, the light curve of FM Per cannot be well described by a single period. We conclude that FM Per demonstrates the Blazhko effect with a Blazhko period of approximately 122 days.

Ferromagnetic Co-C Nanodot Arrays Produced By Direct Interferometric Laser Annealing, M. Zheng, M. Yu, Yi Liu, Ralph Skomski, David J. Sellmyer, V.N. Petryakov, Yu. K. Verevkin, Nikolay Polushkin, N.N. Salashchenko

Sy-Hwang Liou Publications

Magnetic properties of Co-C nanodot arrays produced by direct interferometric laser annealing are investigated by magnetic force microscopy (MFM) and magnetization measurements. The dots are formed by locally annealing sputtered amorphous Co-C films in regions where the laser intensity is highest. As-sputtered Co-C films do not exhibit ferromagnetic order at room temperature, but MFM shows that the dots become magnetic upon annealing, possibly due to the agglomeration or phase separation of Co-rich clusters. The dots are embedded in either a paramagnetic or weakly magnetic matrix. The magnetic properties of the generated pattern can be changed by varying the laser power. …

Magnetic Properties And Nanostructures Of Composite, M.L. Yan, Yi Liu, M.J. Yu, Sy_Hwang Liou, David J. Sellmyer

Sy-Hwang Liou Publications

Nanocomposite Co_χPt100_100-χ :C thin films with χ = 57 and χ = 50 were prepared by magnetron sputtering. Structures and activation volumes were studied systematically in order to better understand the magnetic behavior.We found that activation volumes of these two samples were almost the same. However, physical grain sizes of these two samples were different. Magnetic grains in the sample with equiatomic Co and Pt composition were almost independently switched and magnetic grains in the sample with higher Co content were exchange coupled and switched together. The reduction of the physical grain size in the sample …

Groundwater Study Of The Wagin Townsite, Edward K. Crossley

Resource management technical reports

A groundwater study was carried out for the townsite of Wagin with the aim of accelerating the implementation of effective salinity management options.

Multiplewavelength Optical Observations Of A Long-Lived Meteor Trail, B. R. Clemesha, A. F. Medeiros, D. Gobbi, H. Takahashi, P. P. Batista, Michael J. Taylor

All Physics Faculty Publications

A long‐lived meteor trail has been observed at wavelengths of 572.5 nm, 557.7 nm, 630.0 nm, 865.5 nm and in the near infrared band from 715 to 930 nm. The trail was detected at all these wavelengths, with the possible exception of 865.5 nm, where its identification was marginal. It was seen longest (17 minutes) through the wide band NIR 715‐930 nm filter. The fact that the trail was only marginally visible in the 865.5 nm (0–1) band of molecular oxygen, and was strongest in the wide‐band NIR image, raises serious doubts about an earlier suggestion that the infrared light …

Application Of Neuro-Fuzzy Technique+2:9s To Predict Ground Water Vulnerability In Northwest Arkansas, B. Dixon, H. D. Scott, J. V. Brahana, A. Mauromoustakos

Technical Reports

Contamination of ground water has been a major concern in recent years of local, state and federal agencies involved with the management, quality, and quantity of water and their relationships with human health. The Springfield Plateau aquifer, which lies beneath the study area in northwest Arkansas, has been shown to have higher nitrate-N (NO3-N) concentrations than the national median. The dominant landuse (LULC) of this area is agriculture (primarily pasture/cattle and woodlands) and an encroaching urbanization. The major sources of nitrogen in the study area are poultry/cattle wastes, inorganic fertilizers (Peterson et. al., 1998) and septic filter fields. Many of …

Separation Of Recollision Mechanisms In Nonsequential Strong Field Double Ionization Of Ar: The Role Of Excitation Tunneling, Bernold Feuerstein, Daniel Fischer, Alexander Dorn, Claus Dieter Schroter, J. Deipenwisch, Jose R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, C. Hohr, Paul B. Neumayer, Horst Rottke, Christoph Trump, M. Wittmann, Georg Korn, Wolfgang Sandner, Robert Moshammer, Joachim Hermann Ullrich

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Vector momentum distributions of two electrons created in double ionization of Ar by 25 fs, 0.25PW/cm² laser pulses at 795 nm have been measured using a “reaction microscope.” At this intensity, where nonsequential ionization dominates, distinct correlation patterns are observed in the two-electron momentum distributions. A kinematical analysis of these spectra within the classical “recollision model” revealed an (e,2e)-like process and excitation with subsequent tunneling of the second electron as two different ionization mechanisms. This allows a qualitative separation of the two mechanisms demonstrating that excitation-tunneling is the dominant contribution to the total double ionization yield.

Resummation Of The Divergent Perturbation Series For A Hydrogen Atom In An Electric Field, Ulrich D. Jentschura

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We consider the resummation of the perturbation series describing the energy displacement of a hydrogenic bound state in an electric field (known as the Stark effect or the LoSurdo-Stark effect), which constitutes a divergent formal power series in the electric-field strength. The perturbation series exhibits a rich singularity structure in the Borel plane. Resummation methods are presented that appear to lead to consistent results even in problematic cases where isolated singularities or branch cuts are present on the positive and negative real axis in the Borel plane. Two resummation prescriptions are compared: (i) a variant of the Borel-Pad'e resummation method, …

General Features Of The Intrinsic Ferroelectric Coercive Field, V. M. Fridkin, Stephen Ducharme

Stephen Ducharme Publications

The value of the intrinsic ferroelectric coercive field is obtained independently, from general energy considerations and from the predictions of several models of the ferroelectric state. All predictions yield a value of the order of the depolarization field, which is equal to the spontaneous polarization divided by the dielectric permittivity, and are consistent with the recent measurements of the intrinsic ferroelectric coercive field in ultrathin Langmuir–Blodgett films of copolymers of polyvinylidene fluoride with trifluoroethylene. Prior studies succeeded only in measuring the much smaller extrinsic coercive fields, which are limited by nucleation processes and domain motion.

Survival Of Avian Carcasses And Photographic Evidence Of Predators And Scavengers, Richard M. Kostecke, George M. Linz, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Scavenging of carcasses may bias estimates of mortality following the use of pesticides. To assess carcass survival, we monitored bird carcasses in crop stubble, grassland, roadside, and wooded habitats in east-central South Dakota in early spring. Survival rates differed among habitat types in 1997 but not in 1998. Survival rates did not differ among species of carcass in 1997 or 1998. Within 5 d, 66% of carcasses had been scavenged in both 1997 and 1998. To assess potential hazards of secondary poisoning, we used infrared-triggered camera systems to identify predators and scavengers of live birds and bird carcasses. Mammals ( …

Gray Wolf Restoration In The Northwestern United States, Ed Bangs, Joe Fontaine, Mike Jimenez, Tom Meier, Carter Niemeyer, Doug Smith, Kerry Murphy, Deb Guernsey, Larry Handegard, Mark Collinge, Rod Krischke, John Shivik, Curt Mack, Issac Babcock, Val Asher, Dominic Domenici

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Gray wolf (Canis lupus) populations were eliminated from Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming, as well as adjacent southwestern Canada by the 1930s. After human-caused mortality of wolves in southwestern Canada began to be regulated in the 1960s, populations began expanding southward. Dispersing individuals occasionally reached the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States, but lacked legal protection there until 1974, after passage of the Endangered Species Act of 1973. In 1986, wolves from Canada successfully raised a litter of pups in Glacier National Park, Montana, and a small population was soon established. In 1995 and 1996, wolves from western …

Managing Wolf Conflict With Livestock In The Northwestern United States, Ed Bangs, John A. Shivik

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wolves (Canis lupus) were once common throughout North America but were deliberately exterminated in the lower 48 United States, except in northeastern Minnesota, primarily because of depredations on livestock. Wolves remained abundant in areas with few livestock such as most of Canada and Alaska. Sixty years after being nearly exterminated, the gray wolf was listed under the United States Endangered Species Act (Act) in 1974. The combination of natural recovery in NW Montana, and reintroduction in central Idaho and the Greater Yellowstone area (NW Wyoming, eastern Idaho, and SW Montana) has resulted in an expanding wolf population (Bangs …

Chemical Repellents And Other Aversive Strategies In Predation Management, J.R. R. Mason, J.A. Shivik, M.W. Fall

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Chemical repellents and other aversive strategies are the core of non-lethal wildlife management. These strategies typically depend on irritation (pain), conditioning, or fear for their effectiveness, and none is universally successful. Thus, conditioned food aversions deter browsing and foraging by deer (virginianus , O. hemionus), but are less useful with predators, because killing, not consumption, is the behavior of interest. Broadly speaking, the utility of non-lethal strategies is affected by number and density of wildlife species, availability of alternative foods, palatability and novelty of treated items, and intensity of pain, sickness, or fear used to establish avoidance. Some …

Comparison Of Commercial Deer Repellents, Andy Trent, Dale L. Nolte, Kimberly Wagner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Foraging deer can severely hinder regeneration of newly stocked stands. Chemical repellents (along with fencing and individual tree shelters) are socially acceptable nonlethal tools to reduce deer damage. New products are continually entering the market, but their efficacy varies greatly. Availability or even registration of these products does not equate with effectiveness. Some repellents may contain active ingredients at concentrations below avoidance thresholds. Others may contain ingredients that don’t repel the target species. The Olympia Field Station of the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center has conducted numerous studies to identify trends that …

Effect Of Primary And Secondary Repellents On European Starlings: An Initial Assessment, Roger W. Sayre, Larry Clark

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Wildlife managers need chemical repellents that are effective at deterring damage by birds, but these repellents must be environmentally and toxicologically safe. The number of commercially available bird repellents has been reduced because of concerns about environmental safety. Currently, there are 2 categories of avian repellents. Chemicals that are reflexively avoided by birds because they irritate the peripheral chemical senses are referred to as primary repellents. Chemicals that cause gastrointestinal illness and learned avoidance of ancillary sensory cues that are paired with the illness are known as secondary repellents. Secondary repellents most often identified as the most effective avian repellents …

Surgical Sterilization As A Method Of Reducing Coyote Predation On Domestic Sheep, Cassity Bromley, Eric M. Gese

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Predation by coyotes (Canis latrans) on domestic sheep is a problem for many livestock producers throughout the United States Intermountain West. We examined whether surgical sterilization of coyote packs would modify their predatory behavior and reduce predation rates on domestic sheep as compared to coyote packs with pups. From June 1997 to December 1997, we gathered baseline information on coyote pack size and movements. In winter 1998, we surgically sterilized and radio-collared members of 5 coyote packs. We also captured and radio-collared members of 6 packs that remained intact (i.e., reproductive). During summer 1998, only 1 sterile pack …

Measurement Of The Two-Jet Differential Cross Section In Pp̅ Collisions At √S=1800 Gev, T. Affolder, Kenneth A. Bloom, Collider Detector At Fermilab Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

A measurement is presented of the two-jet differential cross section d³σ/dE_Td η₁d η₂ at center of mass energy √s =1800 GeV in pp̅ collisions. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 86 pb^-1 collected during 1994 to 1995 by the CDF Collaboration at the Fermilab Tevatron collider. The differential cross section is measured as a function of the transverse energy E_T of a jet in the pseudorapidity region 0.1 < | η₁| < 0.7 for four different pseudorapidity bins of a second jet restricted to 0.1 < |η₂| < 3.0. The results are compared with next-to-leading order QCD calculations determined using the CTEQ4 and MRST sets of parton distribution functions. None of the sets examined in this analysis provides a good description of the data.

Organic Grapes And Wine : A Guide To Production, Gerry Parlevliet, Steven Mccoy

Bulletins 4000 -

The tastebuds, health concerns and environmental conscience of affluent consumers are demanding more organically grown food than producers worldwide can supply. Growing consumer concerns about the effects of synthetic chemical pesticides and fertilisers on human health and the environment have boosted world trade in organic products by a rate of about 20-30 per cent a year for the past 10 years. World trade was estimated to be worth $US 21.6 billion in 2000 and is expected to reach US$100 billion by the year 2006.

The Australian market for organic products alone is valued at $200-$250 million - with exports estimated …

Probing "Life Qualification" Through Expanded Voir Dire, John H. Blume, Sheri Lynn Johnson, A. Brian Threlkeld

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

The conventional wisdom is that most trials are won or lost in jury selection. If this is true, then in many capital cases, jury selection is literally a matter of life or death. Given these high stakes and Supreme Court case law setting out standards for voir dire in capital cases, one might expect a sophisticated and thoughtful process in which each side carefully considers which jurors would be best in the particular case. Instead, it turns out that voir dire in capital cases is woefully ineffective at the most elementary task--weeding out unqualified jurors.

Empirical evidence reveals that many …

Influence Of The Earthquake Cycle And Lithospheric Rheology On The Dynamics Of The Eastern California Shear Ζone, R. Malservisi, K. Furlong, Timothy H. Dixon

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The Eastern California Shear Zone is bounded by the high heat flow region of the Basin and Range province and the low heat flow region of the Sierra Nevada block. This difference in thermal state influences the rheology of the lower crust/upper mantle, resulting in a viscosity contrast between the two regions. We analyze the effect of such a contrast on the kinematics and dynamics of the shear zone with numerical models. This viscosity contrast drives asymmetric strain accumulation in the upper crust, producing an asymmetric surface velocity field. An additional consequence of this strain pattern is the potential for …

Using Mobile Agents For Analyzing Intrusion In Computer Networks, Jay Aslam, Marco Cremonini, David Kotz, Daniela Rus

Dartmouth Scholarship

Today hackers disguise their attacks by launching them form a set of compromised hosts distributed across the Internet. It is very difficult to defend against these attacks or to track down their origin. Commercially available intrusion detection systems can signal the occurrence of limited known types of attacks. New types of attacks are launched regularly but these tools are not effective in detecting them. Human experts are still the key tool for identifying, tracking, and disabling new attacks. Often this involves experts from many organizations working together to share their observations, hypothesis, and attack signatures. Unfortunately, today these experts have …

The Expansion Center And Dynamical Age Of The Galactic Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A, John R. Thorstensen, Robert A. Fesen, Sidney Van Den Bergh

Dartmouth Scholarship

We present proper motions for 21 bright main shell and 17 faint, higher velocity, outer ejecta knots in the Cas A supernova remnant and use them to derive new estimates for the remnant's expansion center and age. Our study included 1951–1976 Palomar 5 m prime focus plates, 1988–1999 CCD images from the KPNO 4 m and MDM 2.4 m telescopes, and 1999 HST WFPC2 images. Measurable positions covered a 23 to 41 yr time span for most knots, with a few outer knots followed for almost 48 yr. We derive an expansion center of α(J2000) = 23^h23^{m …}

Neural Network Approach To Causal Reasoning With Penalty Logic, Ghada Moussa Abdel Ghany Bahig

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

บรรณาธิการแถลง, ธนพรรณ สุนทระ

Thai Environment

No abstract provided.

ข่าวและกิจกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม

Thai Environment

No abstract provided.

พระราชบัญญัติการส่งเสริมการอนุรักษ์พลังงาน, วารสารที่ปรึกษาสิ่งแวดล้อมไทย

Thai Environment

No abstract provided.

โครงการด้านพลังงานกับการมีส่วนร่วมของประชาชน, ธนพรรณ สุนทระ

Thai Environment

No abstract provided.