Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

A New Heavy Ion Abundance Enrichment Pattern In ³He-Rich Solar Particle Events, Glenn M. Mason, Joseph E. Mazur, Joseph R. Dwyer

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

We report the first examples of ³He-rich solar energetic particle (SEP) events with heavy ion enrichments that are not ordered generally by mass. A second new feature is the large enrichment of ¹⁴N, the first time large enrichments have been seen for heavy ions lighter than O or Ne. These SEP events were too small and at too low an energy (<500 keV nucleon-1) to have been observed previously. The best observed event, 2001 July 16, had abundance ratios C : N : O : Ne : Mg : Si : S : Ca : Fe of ∼0.8 : 1.0 : ≡ 1 : 0.5 : 0.5 : 2.0 : 2.4 : 0.2 : 0.9, corresponding, respectively, to enhancements over the slow solar wind of ∼1.2 :15 : ≡ 1 : 5. : 3.4 : 12 :49 : 19 : 7. This pattern is incompatible with a gravitational settling enrichment mechanism. The simultaneous large enhancements of ¹⁴N and ²⁸Si, which have identical charge-to-mass ratios for certain ionization states, suggest that selective plasma wave heating plays a key role, as has long been suspected. Enhancement of ¹⁴N implies relatively low temperatures (<1.5 × 10 6 K) since fully stripped ¹⁴N cannot be preferentially heated. Also, the presence of enhanced species such as ¹⁴N and ²⁸Si, along with others with small or no enhancements ( 16)O, ²⁰Ne), may indicate that the plasma waves must operate over a relatively narrow range of frequencies and that the material must be heated while the waves are present.

Effects Of Surface Morphology On Magnetic Properties Of Ni Nanowire Arrays In Self-Ordered Porous Alumina, H. Zeng, Stevem A. Michalski, Roger D. Kirby, David J. Sellmyer, L. Menon, Supriyo Bandyopadhyay

David Sellmyer Publications

Ni nanowire arrays were produced by electrodeposition of Ni into self-assembled porous anodic alumina templates. With different anodization voltages, the wires show different surface morphologies. The temperature dependence of the coercivity and activation volume of wires with regular shape can be explained by thermal activation over an energy barrier with a 3/2 power dependence on the field. The wires with irregular surface morphologies show abnormal temperature dependences of the coercivity and activation volume. Possible mechanisms for these behaviors are discussed.

An Economic Analysis Of Predator Removal Approaches For Protecting Marine Turtle Nests At Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge, Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Bernice Constantin, Margo Stahl, Henry T. Smith

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Hobe Sound National Wildlife Refuge (HSNWR) on Florida’s east coast provides undisturbed nesting habitat for three species of threatened or endangered marine turtles. Predation by raccoons and armadillos poses the greatest risk to turtle nests, and predator control has been identified as the most important management tool for enhancing nesting productivity. Recently, estimates of the number of nests that would have been lost in the 2000 nesting and incubation season were made using the results from four control approaches. These approaches were, in order of descending complexity: (1) refuge control enhanced by a one person-month contract with federal control specialists, …

Monetary Valuation Methods For Economic Analysis Of The Benefit-Costs Of Protecting Rare Wildlife Species From Predators, Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Shwiff, Henry T. Smith, Bernice Constantin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Many threatened and endangered species are negatively impacted by predation. Management of the predators that are geographically and temporally in position to threaten species of concern can greatly aid in their conservation. However, decisions on management strategies are based within economic constraints, while the success of management actions is measured by wildlife resource improvement. Here, we review methods for applying monetary valuations for threatened and endangered species so that economic analyses of management actions can be used to help guide and evaluate management decisions. A variety of applied examples are provided to demonstrate the principles.

The Qmap And Mat/Toco Experiments For Measuring Anisotropy In The Cosmic Microwave Background, A. Miller, J. Beach, S. Bradley, R. Caldwell, H. Chapman, M. J. Devlin, W. B. Devlin, W. B. Dorwart, T. Herbig, D. Jones, G. Monnelly, C. B. Netterfield, M. Nolta, L. A. Page, J. Puchalla, T. Robertson, E. Torbet, H. T. Tran, W. E. Vinje

Dartmouth Scholarship

We describe two related experiments that measured the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). QMAP was a balloon-borne telescope that flew twice in 1996, collecting data on degree angular scales with an array of six high electron mobility transistor-based amplifiers (HEMTs). QMAP used an interlocking scan strategy to directly produce high signal-to-noise ratio CMB maps over a limited region of sky. The QMAP gondola was then refitted for ground-based work as the MAT/TOCO experiment. Observations were made from 5200 m on Cerro Toco in Northern Chile in 1997 and 1998 using time domain beam synthesis. MAT/TOCO measured the rise …

On Graphs With Equal Algebraic And Vertex Connectivity, Stephen J. Kirkland, Jason J. Molitierno, Michael Neumann, Bryan L. Shader

Mathematics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

White-Light-Induced Fragmentation Of Toluene, A. M. Müller, B. Witzel, Cornelis J. Uiterwaal, J. Wanner, K.-L. Kompa

C.J.G.J. Uiterwaal Publications

We investigate the influence of continuum generation on the photofragmentation dynamics of the toluene molecule. By sending an 80-fs Ti:sapphire laser beam through a 2-mm-thick CaF₂ plate we show that even moderately broadened laser frequency spectra considerably increase the degree of fragmentation, while it is nearly absent without continuum generation. The measured broadening of the frequency spectra and the known Raman-active vibrational modes of toluene afford an explanation in terms of a stimulated Raman scattering scheme, in which the molecule absorbs large amounts of vibrational energy.

The Horizontal Extent Of Cloud-To-Ground Lightning Over The Kennedy Space Center, Todd M. Mcnamara

Theses and Dissertations

The Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) runs the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model 5 (MM5) as their main mesoscale weather forecast model. One of the post-processing procedures is a diagnostic algorithm, which is used to help identify convective and non-convective wind gusts. O. Brassuer has identified a new Wind Gust Estimate (WGE), as a physically based method of computing non-convective wind gusts. The WGE surmises that Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) transfers the momentum of faster upper-air winds to the surface, overcoming the buoyant energy of the surface layer. This work converts Brassuer's WGE to FORTRAN code and utilizing post-processed CONUS AFWA …

Sensitivity Analysis Of The Florida Tech Utc-M Mesoscale Atmopsheric Seabreeze Model To Estimates Of Water And Land Heating Rates Using Avhrr Sst And Coastal Margin Land Temperatures, Charles R. Bostater Jr., Lisa Huddleston, Jerome King

Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

In this paper we conduct sensitivity analyses of the land surface boundary conditions and parameterizations in the UTC-M primitive equation atmospheric planetary boundary layer Seabreeze model. The boundary conditions for temperature of the ocean and land surface is based upon satellite derived AVHRR estimates over the water (SST) and coastal land margins. The sensitivity analysis ofthe boundary conditions as well as the heating and cooling rates in the planetary boundary layer model are also described. The model domain of interest is the region over the Space Coast of Central Florida. This region is unique because of its complex coastal water-land …

Reply To Comment On "Evaluation Of The Tail Current Contribution To Dst", Niescja E. Turner, D N. Baker, T I. Pulkkinen, R L. Mcpherron

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Research

Turner et al. [2000] analyzed the contribution of cross-tail currents to the Dst index. In order to estimate this contribution we used modified versions of the Tsyganenko models which had been adjusted to match spacecraft data in the tail, and we isolated a tail region and calculated its influence. We concluded that the tail currents were responsible for around 25% of the Dst response during moderately disturbed times. Maltsev and Ostapenko [2002] conclude that our estimate was low by a factor of 2, owing to that fact that we neglected dayside currents and that the model we used systematically underestimates …

Metallicities And Abundance Ratios From Quasar Broad Emission Lines, Fred Hamann, K. T. Korista, Gary J. Ferland, Craig Warner, Jack Baldwin

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

The broad emission lines (BELs) of quasars and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are important diagnostics of the relative abundances and overall metallicity in the gas. Here we present new theoretical predictions for several UV BELs. We focus specifically on the relative nitrogen abundance as a metallicity indicator, based on the expected secondary enrichment of nitrogen at metallicities Z≳0.2 Z_☉. Among the lines we consider, NIII]λ1750/OIII]λ1664, NVλ1240/(CIVλ1549+OVIλ1034), AND NV/HeIIλ1640 are the most robust diagnostics. We argue, in particular, that the average N V BEL is not dominated by scattered Lyα photons from a broad absorption-line wind. We then …

Anchoring The Water Dimer Potential Energy Surface With Explicitly Correlated Computations And Focal Point Analyses, Gregory S. Tschumper, Matthew L. Leininger, Brian C. Hoffman, Edward F. Valeev, Henry F. Schaefer, Martin Quack

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

The extensive ab initio quantum chemical study of ten stationary point on the water dimer potential energy surface (PES) was discussed. The geometry optimizations were carried out using the CCSD(T) method in conjunction with the [TZ2P(f,d) + dif] basis set. The study showed that the optimized structures of (H₂O)₂ PES were quite similar to those obtained at the MP2 level with much smaller basis sets and the number of imaginary vibrational frequencies or hessian index of each stationary point was unchanged despite fairly significant geometrical differences for some of the optimized structures.

Enthalpies Of Sublimation Of Organic And Organometallic Compounds. 1910–2001, James S. Chickos, William E. Acree

James Chickos

No abstract provided.

Cxquery: A Novel Xml Query Language, Peter Revesz, Yi Chen

CSE Conference and Workshop Papers

XML is becoming the data exchange standard on the Internet. Previously proposed XML query languages, such as XQuery, Quilt, YALT, Lorel, and XML-QL, lack schema definition of the query result; therefore, they are limited for defining views, integrating data, updating, and further querying, all of which are often needed in e-Business applications. We propose a novel XML query language called CXQuery, which defines the schema of the query results explicitly and can easily define views, and integrate, update, and query XML data. In addition, CXQuery can express spatial and spatio-temporal queries using a constraint-based querying approach.

Rapid Ecological Assessment Of The Northern Mixedgrass Prairie Ecoregion (Nebraska Portion), Gerry Steinauer

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission: White Papers, Conference Presentations, and Manuscripts

This study was conducted as part of The Nature Conservancy’s (TNC) project to conduct ecoregional conservation planning throughout the continental United States. TNC contracted with the Nebraska Game and Parks Commission (NGPC) to conduct a rapid ecological assessment (REA) of the portion of the Northern Mixedgrass Prairie ecoregion (NMGP) occurring in Nebraska. This report concludes that agreement. Roughly the northern 1/5 of central Nebraska occurs within the NMGP (Figure 1). This ecoregion also includes extensive area of central South Dakota and central North Dakota. The objective of this study was to conduct a REA of the untilled landscapes within the …

Experimental Violation Of A Spin-1 Bell Inequality Using Maximally Entangled Four-Photon States, John C. Howell, Antia Lamas-Linares, Dik Bouwmeester

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We demonstrate the experimental violation of a spin-1 Bell inequality. The spin-1 inequality is based on the Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt formalism. For entangled spin-1 particles, the maximum quantum-mechanical prediction is 2.55 as opposed to a maximum of 2, predicted using local hidden variables. We obtained an experimental value of 2.27±0.02 using the four-photon state generated by pulsed, type-II, stimulated parametric down-conversion. This is a violation of the spin-1 Bell inequality by more than 13 standard deviations.

Depth Characterization Of Shallow Aquifers With Seismic Reflection, Part Ii—Prestack Depth Migration And Field Examples, John H. Bradford, D. S. Sawyer

CGISS Publications and Presentations

It is common in shallow seismic studies for the compressional-wave velocity in unconsolidated sediments to increase by a factor of four or more at the transition from dry or partial water saturation to full saturation. Under these conditions, conventional NMO velocity analysis fails and leads to large depth and layer thickness estimates if the Dix equation is assumed valid. Prestack depth migration (PSDM) is a means of improving image accuracy. A comparison of PSDM with conventional NMO processing for three field examples from differing hydrogeologic environments illustrates that PSDM can significantly improve image quality and accuracy.

Black Carp

National Invasive Species Council

What are black carp?

What do they look like?

Where are they from?

How Did They Get Here?

What impacts would they have on our aquatic habitats?

What is the Service doing about black carp?

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Asian Carp

National Invasive Species Council

Four species of large Asian carps (grass, bighead, silver and black) have been imported into the U.S. for use in the aquaculture industry, and biologists are raising more and more concerns about their effect on native fish and shellfish when released or escaped to the wild. In fact, in the fall of 1999, fish kills in isolated ditches adjacent to the Upper Mississippi River on the Mark Twain National Wildlife Refuge in southern Illinois included large numbers (97%) of Asian carps, but only one individual each of four native fish species. After that incident, reports came in of commercial fishermen …

Asian Carp: Key To Identification

National Invasive Species Council

Asian carp are large 39-40 in. (40-50 lb.) fish introduced into the U.S. by fish farmers in Southern states in the 1960’s and 70’s to control vegetation and algae blooms. Three of these species, the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) have been released or have escaped to the wild and are reproducing in many rivers and streams of the Mississippi River Basin. As they continue to expand their range, and show up in commercial and sport fish catches, a need has arisen to develop a simple …

Arctic Ocean Snow Melt Onset Dates Derived From Passive Microwave, A New Data Set, Mark R. Anderson, Sheldon D. Drobot

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Snow melt onset is defined as the point in time when the appearance of liquid water in the snow pack changes the crystalline structure within the pack. Owing to the associated increase in surface albedo during melt, surface energy absorption increases rapidly after the onset of snow melt. Monitoring interannual variations in snow melt onset is therefore useful for accurately modeling surface conditions, and it is also valuable for validating climate models and detecting climate change. Since microwave emission changes rapidly when liquid water appears in the snow pack, passive microwave remote sensing techniques can monitor melt onset. Passive microwave …

Upper Cretaceous Diatom Biostratigraphy Of The Arctic Archipelago And Northern Continental Margin, Canada, Pedro M. Tapia, David M. Harwood

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Strata in the Canadian Arctic contain diverse and moderately well-preserved Late Cretaceous siliceous microfossil assemblages. One-hundred-twelve samples were analyzed from a composite stratigraphic section (1094m-thick) of the Smoking Hills, Mason River and Kanguk formations. Four sections were examined: (1) Slidre Fjord on Ellesmere Island; (2) Hoodoo Dome on Ellef Ringnes Island; (3) Cape Nares on Eglinton Island; and (4) Horton River on the Anderson Plains, Northwest Territories. Two hundred- three diatom taxa were identified in forty-nine productive samples. Four Upper Cretaceous diatom zones are proposed for the Canadian Arctic based on the biostratigraphic distribution of diatoms: (i) the Upper Cenomanian …

Concordant Paleolatitudes For Neoproterozoic Ophiolitic Rocks Of The Trinity Complex, Klamath Mountains, California, Edward A. Mankinen, Nancy Lindsley-Griffin, John R. Griffin

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

New paleomagnetic results from the eastern Klamath Mountains of northern California show that Neoproterozoic rocks of the Trinity ophiolitic complex and overlying Middle Devonian volcanic rocks are latitudinally concordant with cratonal North America. Combining paleomagnetic data with regional geologic and faunal evidence suggests that the Trinity Complex and related terranes of the eastern Klamath plate were linked in some fashion to the North American craton throughout that time, but that distance between them may have varied considerably. A possible model that is consistent with our paleomagnetic results and the geologic evidence is that the Trinity Complex formed and migrated parallel …

New Amphicyonid Carnivorans (Mammalia, Daphoeninae) From The Early Miocene Of Southeastern Wyoming, Robert M. Hunt Jr.

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

Latest Arikareean sediments of the upper Arikaree Group in southeastern Wyoming produced rare fossils of large, early Miocene amphicyonid carnivorans for field parties of the Frick Laboratory, American Museum, from 1932 to 1940. Recent geologic field investigations, including mapping, have discovered additional remains of these carnivorans, clarifying their geographic and stratigraphic distribution, and permitting a more informed description of the earlier collections. These carnivorans come from tuffaceous sandstones of the Upper Harrison beds, the terminal formation-rank unit of the Arikaree Group in southeastern Wyoming. A large species of the amphicyonid Daphoenodon (D. falkenbachi, n. sp.) occurs in northern …

Intercontinental Migration Of Neogene Amphicyonids (Mammalia, Carnivora): Appearance Of The Eurasian Beardog Ysengrinia In North America, Robert M. Hunt Jr.

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

At the beginning of the Neogene a remarkable faunal turnover occurred within the North American carnivore community. The dominant larger Oligocene carnivores (creodonts, nimravid cats, the amphicyonid Daphoenus) became extinct during the late Oligocene and were replaced in the early Miocene by amphicyonine amphicyonids and hemicyonine ursids that entered North America from Eurasia. During a five million-year interval from ~23 to 18 Ma, large amphicyonines appear in late Arikareean and early Hemingfordian faunas of the North American midcontinent. Although most fossils are from western Nebraska and southeastern Wyoming, occurrences of amphicyonines at several sites in the eastern United States …

Quantum-State Information Retrieval In A Rydberg-Atom Data Register, J. Ahn, Chitra Rangan, D.N. Hutchinson, P.H. Bucksbaum

Physics Publications

The connections between the phase retrieval protocol in a Rydberg data register were shown via an impulsive half-cycle pulse and the more general problem of constructing a database-search algorithm. The sensitivity of the phase retrieval to the peak HCP field was explained by multimode interference. By programming the initial wave packet and the HCP, it was possible to create the correct interference conditions to produce any desired energy eigenstates.

Lithium Transition Energies And Isotope Shifts: Qed Recoil Corrections, Z. C. Yan, Gordon W. F. Drake

Physics Publications

The quantum electrodynamic recoil correction for lithium in the 22S1/2, 32S1/2 and 22PJ states was evaluated, and its impact on lithium isotope shifts was examined. The nonrelativistic variational wave functions were constructed from fully correlated basis sets in Hylleraas coordinates. Results for the total transition frequencies were shown to be in good agreement with experiment, but there were discrepancies between theory and experiment for isotope shift in the fine structure splitting for 1s22p2P state.

Ground-State Energies For Helium, H-, And Ps-, Gordon W. F. Drake, M. M. Cassar, R. A. Nistor

Physics Publications

Nonrelativistic energy and other properties of He, H- and Ps- were discussed using a triple basis set in Hylleraas coordinates. The stability and efficiency of the computational method was compared with the quasirandom method. Results showed that the triple basis set in Hylleraas coordinates is capable of exceeding the accuracy of calculations for three-body system based on quasirandom Monte Carlo methods.

2002 Gloucester Point Station Tide Prediction Calendars, Virginia Institute Of Marine Science, David A. Evans

Miscellaneous

These calendars are produced monthly using David Evans' Tidecal.

An Interactive Approach Of Assembly Planning, Xiaobu Yuan

Computer Science Publications

An interactive approach to assembly planning is presented. It provides a virtual reality interface for production engineers to program the virtual representation of robotic manipulators in a three-dimensional (3D) operation space. The direct human involvement creates a user-defined assembly sequence, which contains the human knowledge of mechanical assembly. By extracting the precedence relationship of machinery parts, for the first time it becomes possible to generate alternative assembly sequences automatically from a single sequence for robot reprogramming. This interactive approach introduces human expertise into assembly planning, thus breaking down the computational complexity of autonomous systems. Experiments and analysis provide strong evidence …