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2003

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Articles 2851 - 2880 of 3876

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Reconnaissance Of Acid Drainage Sources And Preliminary Evaluation Of Remedial Alternatives At The Copper Bluff Mine, Hoopa Valley Reservation, California, Charles N. Alpers, Michael P. Hunerlach, Scott N. Hamlin, Robert A. Zierenberg Jan 2003

Reconnaissance Of Acid Drainage Sources And Preliminary Evaluation Of Remedial Alternatives At The Copper Bluff Mine, Hoopa Valley Reservation, California, Charles N. Alpers, Michael P. Hunerlach, Scott N. Hamlin, Robert A. Zierenberg

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Acidic drainage from the inactive Copper Bluff mine cascades down a steep embankment into the Trinity River, on the Hoopa Valley Reservation in northern California. The Copper Bluff mine produced about 100,000 tons of sulfide-bearing copper-zinc-gold-silver ore during 1957–1962. This report summarizes the results of a water-resources investigation begun by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1994 with the overall objective of gathering sufficient geochemical, hydrologic, and geologic information so that a sound remediation strategy for the Copper Bluff mine could be selected and implemented by the Hoopa Valley Tribe. This study had the following specific objectives: (1) monitor the quality …

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Sediment-Water Interactions Affecting Dissolved-Mercury Distributions In Camp Far West Reservoir, California, James S. Kuwabara, Charles N. Alpers, Mark Marvin-Dipasquale, Brent R. Topping, James L. Carter, A. Robin Stewart, Steven V. Fend, Francis Parchaso, Gerald E. Moon, David P. Krabbenhoft Jan 2003

Sediment-Water Interactions Affecting Dissolved-Mercury Distributions In Camp Far West Reservoir, California, James S. Kuwabara, Charles N. Alpers, Mark Marvin-Dipasquale, Brent R. Topping, James L. Carter, A. Robin Stewart, Steven V. Fend, Francis Parchaso, Gerald E. Moon, David P. Krabbenhoft

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Field and laboratory studies were conducted in April and November 2002 to provide the first direct measurements of the benthic flux of dissolved (0.2-micrometer filtered) mercury species (total and methylated forms) between the bottom sediment and water column at three sampling locations within Camp Far West Reservoir, California: one near the Bear River inlet to the reservoir, a second at a mid-reservoir site of comparable depth to the inlet site, and the third at the deepest position in the reservoir near the dam (herein referred to as the inlet, midreservoir and near-dam sites, respectively; Background, Fig. 1). Because of interest …

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Geologic Studies Of Mercury By The U.S. Geological Survey Jan 2003

Geologic Studies Of Mercury By The U.S. Geological Survey

United States Geological Survey: Publications

A liquid at room temperature, mercury is a unique metal with unusual properties. Elemental mercury has long been used in thermometers because it responds to changes in temperature. In fact, mercury’s many diverse properties have made it useful for many products. Mercury is a good metallic conductor with a low electrical resistivity; it has been used in electrical products including electrical wiring and switches, fluorescent lamps, mercury batteries, and thermostats (Eisler, 1987). Mercury also is used in navigational instruments to measure changes in temperature and pressure. In the medical field, mercury is used as a component in dental fillings and …

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Monetary Valuation Methods For Economic Analysis Of The Benefit-Costs Of Protecting Rare Wildlife Species From Predators, Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Schwiff, Henry T. Smith, Bernice Constantin Jan 2003

Monetary Valuation Methods For Economic Analysis Of The Benefit-Costs Of Protecting Rare Wildlife Species From Predators, Richard M. Engeman, Stephanie A. Schwiff, Henry T. Smith, Bernice Constantin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Many threatened and endangered species are negatively impacted by predation. Management of the predators that are geographically and telnporally in position to threaten species of concern can greatly aid in their conservation. However, decisions on managenlent strategies are based within economic constraints, while the success of management actions is measured by wildlife resource improvement. Here, we review methods for applying monetary valuations for threatened and endangered species so that cconoinic analyses of management actions can be used to help guide and evaluate managcmcnt decisions. A variety of applied exa~nplesa re provided to demonstrate the principles.

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Leiocephalus Carnitus Armouri (Little Bahama Curly-Talied Lizard), Christopher L. Dean, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman Jan 2003

Leiocephalus Carnitus Armouri (Little Bahama Curly-Talied Lizard), Christopher L. Dean, Henry T. Smith, Richard M. Engeman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Coyotes; Coyotes In Yellowstone National Park: The Influence, Eric M. Gese Jan 2003

Coyotes; Coyotes In Yellowstone National Park: The Influence, Eric M. Gese

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Testudines, John Woolard, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, John Griner Jan 2003

Testudines, John Woolard, Richard M. Engeman, Henry T. Smith, John Griner

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Low Mitochondrial Dna Variation In Double-Crested Cormorants In Eastern North America, Juliann L. Waits, Michael L. Avery, Mark E. Tobin, Paul L. Leberg Jan 2003

Low Mitochondrial Dna Variation In Double-Crested Cormorants In Eastern North America, Juliann L. Waits, Michael L. Avery, Mark E. Tobin, Paul L. Leberg

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Double-crested Cormorant (Phohoiornx audus) numbers are increasing throughout eastern North America. We compared variation for five portions of mtDNA to determine if genetic differences existed among portions of the breeding range that would need to be considered when formulating management programs. Sequences for four mtDNA regions were identical across sample locations: frequencies of two haplotpes of the mitochondria1 Control Region were similar across sampling locations. There is no evidence of restricted gene flow among breeding areas, or between subspecies with different migratory patterns.

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Chemical Repellents For Reducing Crop Damage By Blackbirds, Michael L. Avery, John L. Cummings Jan 2003

Chemical Repellents For Reducing Crop Damage By Blackbirds, Michael L. Avery, John L. Cummings

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Chemical repellants are intended to prevent birds from feeding on a particular food (the crop) at a given location. To be considered effective, a chemical repellent must produce 1 of 2 responses (1) depredating birds remain but feed on an alternative non-crop food item or (2) depredating birds leavc and go elsewhere to feed. The search for a safe, cost-effective chemical repellent has spanned decades. During the 1950s, 196Os, and 199Os, repellent screening programs, using captive red-winged blackbirds (Aaelaius Dboeniceus), brown-headed cowbirds (Molorhrus ater), and European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), identified numerous potentially useful compounds. …

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Predator Presence Affects The Reproductive Success Of Prey In Outdoor Conditions, Sergey V. Naidenko, Svetlana V. Naidenko, Larry Clark, Vera V. Voznessenskaya Jan 2003

Predator Presence Affects The Reproductive Success Of Prey In Outdoor Conditions, Sergey V. Naidenko, Svetlana V. Naidenko, Larry Clark, Vera V. Voznessenskaya

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The reproductive outcomes of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) housed at different distances (2, 20 and 80 m) from a predator (Lynx lynx) were investigated. Virgin female (n = 120) and m3ie (n = 40) rats of an outbred laboratory population were used for the experiments. Groups of rats (one male and three females) were housed in standard cages in close proximity to the predator Litter size, sex ratio. number of live pups, number of placental scars and corpora lurea were counted; and pre- and post-implantation losses were calculated for each female. The reproductive success …

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A Review Of Pathogens Of Agricultural And Human Health Interest Found In Blackbirds, Larry Clark, Robert G. Mclean Jan 2003

A Review Of Pathogens Of Agricultural And Human Health Interest Found In Blackbirds, Larry Clark, Robert G. Mclean

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Because of their numbers and close association with humans and agriculture. the role of blackbirds in disease transmission has been of concern. Unfortunately fear systematic and quantitative studies have been carried out that bear on this issue. We review the extant literature on zoonoses and pathogens of agricultural concern where there is documented evidence for the involvement of blackbirds and starlings. It is clear that blackbirds can exacerbate levels of risk for failures in agricultural biosecurity and human health. To what degree these levels of risk are raised is largely unknown and should be the focus of future studies because …

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An Overview Of Current Blackbird Research In The Southern Rice Growing Region Of The United States, John L. Cummings, Michael L. Avery Jan 2003

An Overview Of Current Blackbird Research In The Southern Rice Growing Region Of The United States, John L. Cummings, Michael L. Avery

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) cause extensive damage to newly planted and ripening rice. The blackbird-rice problem has generated considerable public pressure in states such as Louisiana, Texas, California, Arkansas and Missouri, to find more effective methods of reducing damage caused by blackbirds. USDA/APHIS/WS National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) works closely with various state rice growers associations and the USDA Wildlife Services (WS) state operational programs to address this high-priority issue. NWRC conducts a multi-faceted research program aimed at resolving blackbird-rice problems. Research focuses on determining …

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Managing Common Nighthawks At Mcconnell Air Force Base, Kansas, To Reduce Aircraft Strikes, John L. Cummings, Patricia A. Pipas, James C. Luchsinger, James E. Davis Jr., Michael J. Pipas, Jean B. Bourassa Jan 2003

Managing Common Nighthawks At Mcconnell Air Force Base, Kansas, To Reduce Aircraft Strikes, John L. Cummings, Patricia A. Pipas, James C. Luchsinger, James E. Davis Jr., Michael J. Pipas, Jean B. Bourassa

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

McConnell Air Force Base (AFB) experiences a unique bird/aircraft hazard problem with migrating common nighthawks from August to October. Nighthawks are the most commonly struck species at McConnell AFB, representing about 38% of reported bird/aircraft strikes. During August and September, nighthawks represented 82% of the bird strikes found on the airfield. Approaches for managing nighthawks on and around airfields are limited because of the night environment, logistics and an incomplete understanding of nighthawk behavior. We determined the number of nighthawks using McConnell AFB and associated foraging, loafing and roosting areas, analyzed their food habits, and developed a translocation management strategy …

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Wading Bird Management And Research On North American Aquaculture Facilities, Brian Dorr, Jimmy D. Taylor Ii Jan 2003

Wading Bird Management And Research On North American Aquaculture Facilities, Brian Dorr, Jimmy D. Taylor Ii

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Aquaculture in North America varies geographically with respect to species cultured, annual production, size, complexity, and spatial arrangement of facilities. Species assemblages of predacious birds using aquaculture facilities also vary with many of these industry characteristics. Wading birds are highly adaptable, relatively ubiquitous throughout the aquaculture industry, and often associated with fish depredation problems at aquaculture facilities. Suitability of information regarding the impacts of wading birds to aquaculture varies dramatically by depredating species and industry sector. Great blue herons (Ardea herodias) cause considerable depredation losses on trout aquaculture in the Northeast, and current research suggests that little blue …

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Efficacy Of Zinc Phosphide For Controlling Norway Rats, Roof Rats, House Mice, Peromyscus Spp., Prairie Dogs And Ground Squirrels: A Literature Review (1942-2000), John D. Eisemann, Brett E. Petersen, Kathleen A. Fagerstone Jan 2003

Efficacy Of Zinc Phosphide For Controlling Norway Rats, Roof Rats, House Mice, Peromyscus Spp., Prairie Dogs And Ground Squirrels: A Literature Review (1942-2000), John D. Eisemann, Brett E. Petersen, Kathleen A. Fagerstone

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Zinc phosphide has been used as a control agent for commensal rodents for over 60 years. Studies utilizing zinc phosphide as a population control agent were gathered and summarized to determine its efficacy when baiting the Norway rat, roof rat, house mouse, Peromyscus spp., prairie dog and ground squirrel. Efficacy information was abundant for rats, squirrels, and prairie dogs. However, efficacy data for baiting mice with zinc phosphide was limited. Overall the data show that in both laboratory and field testing, control levels of greater than 70% can be achieved for commensal rodent pests. Bait acceptance appeared to be …

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Aspects Of Swift Fox Ecology In Southeastern Colorado, David E. Andersen, Thomas R. Laurion, John R. Cary, Robert S. Sikes, Mary A. Mcleod, Eric . M. Gese Jan 2003

Aspects Of Swift Fox Ecology In Southeastern Colorado, David E. Andersen, Thomas R. Laurion, John R. Cary, Robert S. Sikes, Mary A. Mcleod, Eric . M. Gese

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We studied the ecology of swift fox on the Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site (PCMS) in southeastern Colorado from March 1986 to September 1987. Forty-two foxes were captured 162 times; 23 were radio-collared. Mean minimum convex polygon home range size of 5 adult swift fox was 29.0 km2 (range = 12.8 to 34.3 km2) and although home ranges of adjacent social groups overlapped, core areas described by 50% harmonic means were almost entirely exclusive. Swift fox diet (as determined from scats) consisted primarily of small and medium-sized mammals (monthly mean % volume = 64%), arthropods (Χ̅ = 19%), …

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Fear And Loathing: The Modulatory Affect Of Stress On Memory Formation And Its Wildlife Management Implications, Arla G. Hile Jan 2003

Fear And Loathing: The Modulatory Affect Of Stress On Memory Formation And Its Wildlife Management Implications, Arla G. Hile

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

An ongoing challenge for wildlife managers is that target species habituate to or forget about hazing, even though the animals must be somewhat stressed by the hazing. Although stress and efficient memory formation/retrieval are considered to be incompatible, research suggests that the effect of stress on memory is complex. Mild and intense stress can impair memory formation and chronic stress can disrupt memory retrieval. Intermediate stress, however, actually enhances the formation of new memories, particularly long-term memories. Unfortunately, these conclusions are based data from only a very few domesticated species under highly controlled conditions. In nature the variation in baseline …

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Restoration Of The Red Wolf, Michael K. Phillips, V. Gary Henry, Brian T. Kelly Jan 2003

Restoration Of The Red Wolf, Michael K. Phillips, V. Gary Henry, Brian T. Kelly

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

"WOLFERS" IN NORTHEASTERN North Carolina were busy on February 5, 1768. Records from the Tyrrell County courthouse read: “Giles Long and Thomas Wllkinson awarded one pound for a certified wolf scalp; Jeremiah Norman awarded two pounds for certified wolf and wild-cat scalps; Davenport Smithwick awarded one pound for a certified wolf-scalp. Such was the nature of the war on the wolf: people killed them for money. The belief of the time held that the war was necessary because it was humankind's manifest destiny to tame the wilderness. And for the wilderness to be tame, the wolf had to be exterminated. …

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Chemical Defense And Mammalian Herbivores, Bruce A. Kimball, Frederick D. Provenza Jan 2003

Chemical Defense And Mammalian Herbivores, Bruce A. Kimball, Frederick D. Provenza

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

1. Plant Metabolism 2. Phytochemical Variation in Plants 3. Plant Defense Theory 4. Mammalian Metabolism of Phytochemicals 5. Mammalian Herbivory Related Chapters

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Challenges Of Implementing The Double-Crested Cormorant Environmental Impact Statement, Kristina Casscles Godwin, D. Tommy King, Peter Butchko, Richard Chipman Jan 2003

Challenges Of Implementing The Double-Crested Cormorant Environmental Impact Statement, Kristina Casscles Godwin, D. Tommy King, Peter Butchko, Richard Chipman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Double-crested cormorant populations have increased over the last 20 years within the continental United States. Problems associated with this increase include impacts to commercial aquaculture, damage to property, vegetation, recreational fisheries, and natural resources, as well as concerns over inter-specific competition. Implementation of the forthcoming Environmental Impact Statement for the management of double-crested cormorants will be a monumental task. Several state and federal agencies, along with private citizens and various interest groups will have parts to play. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services is expected to have a large part in the implementation of the plan. We discuss the proposed actions to be taken …

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Characteristics Of Spring And Fall Blackbird Roosts In The Northern Great Plains, George M. Linz, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman, H. Jeffrey Homan, Linda B. Penry, William J. Bleier Jan 2003

Characteristics Of Spring And Fall Blackbird Roosts In The Northern Great Plains, George M. Linz, Richard S. Sawin, Mark W. Lutman, H. Jeffrey Homan, Linda B. Penry, William J. Bleier

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

To successfully reduce blackbird (Icteridae) damage to sunflower crops in the northern Great Plains, wildlife damage managers must be able to identify sites where large roosts could form in spring and fall. In 1998 and 1999, we measured several habitat and land-use characteristics of spring and fall blackbird roosts. Our objective was to quantify the relationship between roost formation and wetland habitat and land-use. We used data from 7 spring roosts and 12 fall blackbird roosts to set search guidelines that might increase the efficacy of locating potential roost sites in the Prairie Pothole Region of the northern Great Plains. …

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The Emergence Of Major Avian Diseases In North America: West Nile Virus And More, Robert G. Mclean Jan 2003

The Emergence Of Major Avian Diseases In North America: West Nile Virus And More, Robert G. Mclean

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Some major diseases of wild birds have emerged dramatically in North America recently due in part to the rapid global movement of animals and pathogens and major changes in the size, quality, and continuity of natural habitats. These diseases include invasive pathogens, emergence of new disease agents or syndromes, and reemergence of some established diseases. A prominent example is West Nile virus that invaded North America, became easily established, and has expanded throughout the continent within 4 years. A number of factors have influenced the frequency of occurrence, the variety of species affected, and the geographical extent of these emergent …

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Evaluation Of Gnrh Contraceptive Vaccine Using Domestic Swine As A Model For Feral Hogs, Lowell Miller, Jack Rhyan, Gary Killian Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Gnrh Contraceptive Vaccine Using Domestic Swine As A Model For Feral Hogs, Lowell Miller, Jack Rhyan, Gary Killian

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We determined the effect of a GnRH vaccine on reproductive function of sexually mature 5-month female and male domestic swine. The vaccine, GonaConTM, developed at NWRC contains a GnRH peptide conjugated to KLH, combined with AdjuVacTM adjuvant also developed at NWRC. Four groups of ten females were given single IM immunizations either of 800μg GnRH vaccine, 1600μg GnRH vaccine, a prime and boost of 400μg GnRH vaccine and a sham dose adjuvant alone (control). At 8 months old, females were evaluated daily for estrus and bred by artificial insemination if in standing heat. Females not showing heat after 60 days …

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Evaluation Of Gnrh Contraceptive Vaccine In Captive Feral Swine In Florida, G. Killian, L. Miller, J. Rhyan, T. Dees, D. Perry, H. Doten Jan 2003

Evaluation Of Gnrh Contraceptive Vaccine In Captive Feral Swine In Florida, G. Killian, L. Miller, J. Rhyan, T. Dees, D. Perry, H. Doten

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We evaluated a GnRH contraceptive vaccine in penned feral swine that were captured throughout Florida. In March 2002, pigs (~7-30kg) were segregated by sex and assigned to two GnRH treatments, given as a single IM injection in the rump using AdjuVac adjuvant. Ten males and 9 females received 1000μg GnRH-KLH; 10 males and 9 females received 2000μg GnRHKLH. Untreated males and females served as controls. In mid-June 2002, blood was taken and males and females were combined into two large breeding pens. Animals were euthanized in December and blood and tissue samples were taken. Reduced testicular and ovarian size, and …

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Training Deer To Avoid Sites Through Negative Reinforcement, Dale L. Nolte, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Kelly R. Perry, Suzanne E. Adams Jan 2003

Training Deer To Avoid Sites Through Negative Reinforcement, Dale L. Nolte, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Kelly R. Perry, Suzanne E. Adams

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Deer frequently visit areas where they may cause damage. Incidents along roadways and runways inflict numerous injuries to animals and humans, and cause considerable economic losses. Concerns are increasing that deer interactions with domestic animals may contribute to spread of disease. Deer foraging in residential areas, agricultural fields, or plant propagation sites can impede growth and possibly survival of desirable plants. We conducted a series of trials to determine whether mild electric shock would induce place avoidance in deer. Shock was delivered through a device attached to a collar. A noise cue was emitted as an animal approached a defined …

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The Influence Of Predator Odours And Overcrowded Mouse Odours On Regulation Of Oestrous Cycles In House Mice (Mus Musculus), Natalia Yu. Severtzov, Svetlana V. Naidenko, Anna E. Voznesenskaia, Georgy J. Krivomazov, Larry Clark, Vera V. Voznessenskaya Jan 2003

The Influence Of Predator Odours And Overcrowded Mouse Odours On Regulation Of Oestrous Cycles In House Mice (Mus Musculus), Natalia Yu. Severtzov, Svetlana V. Naidenko, Anna E. Voznesenskaia, Georgy J. Krivomazov, Larry Clark, Vera V. Voznessenskaya

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We investigated the influence of chemical signals derived from different sources—urine of feral cats (Felis catus) and urine from overcrowded mice (Mus musculus) on regulation of oestrous cycles in Mus musculus musculus under laboratory conditions. Cat urine and urine from mice housed in overcrowded conditions caused very similar effects. Application of urine from feral cats and from overcrowded conspecifics to the bedding of experimental animals for a period of 21 days caused a significant increase in numbers of animals with extended oestrous cycles. Application of cat urine or overcrowded mouse urine to the bedding of female …

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Liquid Chromatographic Determination Of 4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide, The Active Component Of The Infertility Agent Nicarbazin, In Chicken, Duck, Goose, And Snake Eggs, Thomas M. Primus, Dennis J. Kohler, Margaret A. Goodall, Christi Yoder, Thomas Mathies, Lowell Miller, John J. Johnston, Kurt C. Vercauteren Jan 2003

Liquid Chromatographic Determination Of 4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide, The Active Component Of The Infertility Agent Nicarbazin, In Chicken, Duck, Goose, And Snake Eggs, Thomas M. Primus, Dennis J. Kohler, Margaret A. Goodall, Christi Yoder, Thomas Mathies, Lowell Miller, John J. Johnston, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

4,4'-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) was extracted from chicken, duck, goose, and snake eggs and isolated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. DNC was detected by ultraviolet absorbance at 347 nm and quantitated by comparison with a calibration standard. Recoveries of DNC from fortified control chicken, duck, goose, and snake egg samples were determined for DNC levels of 0.16, 10, and 16 μg/g. The mean recoveries from chicken, duck, goose, and snake eggs were 92±4, 88±9, 87±7, and 95 ±6%, respectively. The method limits of detection for DNC in chicken, duck, goose, and snake eggs ranged from 0.015 to 0.035 μg/g. The reported method is …

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Coyote-Activated Frightening Devices For Reducing Sheep Predation On Open Range, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Steve Moyles Jan 2003

Coyote-Activated Frightening Devices For Reducing Sheep Predation On Open Range, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Steve Moyles

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Domestic sheep ranching is an important agricultural industry in the United States and coyote (Canis latrans) depredation on lambs and ewes continues to challenge ranchers and agencies responsible for protecting sheep. Lethal methods used in controlling coyote depredation include aerial gunning, toxicants, trapping, and calling and shooting. Nonlethal methods include frightening devices, fences, livestock protection animals, and stringent husbandry practices. Ranchers and agencies responsible for controlling coyote depredation need frightening devices that are more effective than those currently available. We describe a field evaluation of 2 animal-activated frightening devices: an acoustic device and an acoustic device with a …

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Coyote-Activated Frightening Devices For Reducing Sheep Predation On Open Range, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Steve Moyles Jan 2003

Coyote-Activated Frightening Devices For Reducing Sheep Predation On Open Range, Kurt C. Vercauteren, Michael J. Lavelle, Steve Moyles

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Domestic sheep ranching is an important agricultural industry in the United States and coyote (Canis latrans) depredation on lambs and ewes continues to challenge ranchers and agencies responsible for protecting sheep. Lethal methods used in controlling coyote depredation include aerial gunning, toxicants, trapping, and calling and shooting. Nonlethal methods include frightening devices, fences, livestock protection animals, and stringent husbandry practices. Ranchers and agencies responsible for controlling coyote depredation need frightening devices that are more effective than those currently available. We describe a field evaluation of 2 animal-activated frightening devices: an acoustic device and an acoustic device with a …

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A Coyote In Sheep's Clothing: Predator Identification From Saliva, Christen Lenney Williams, Karen Blejwas, John J. Johnston, Michael M. Jaeger Jan 2003

A Coyote In Sheep's Clothing: Predator Identification From Saliva, Christen Lenney Williams, Karen Blejwas, John J. Johnston, Michael M. Jaeger

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) and microsatellite analyses to identify canid species, gender, and individual genotype in samples containing a large excess of domestic sheep DNA. These methods were then used to investigate the feasibility of identifying predators from saliva on predation wounds. We analyzed predation wound samples from 19 sheep carcasses. Coyote DNA was identified in 18 samples (95%), of which 17 contained male coyote DNA (94%) and 11 (61%) yielded heterozygous microsatellite genotypes at 21 locus. These methods have promise for genetic identification of individual predators.

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